This document provides an overview and examples of English verb tenses including the present perfect, present perfect progressive, and differences between the simple past and present perfect. It discusses the forms, meanings, and uses of these tenses. Key points covered include using the present perfect to refer to unspecified past times or ongoing situations, the difference between simple past for specific past events and present perfect for unspecified times, and how to properly use time expressions like "since" and "for" with different tenses. Practice exercises with examples are provided to help explain the uses and meanings of these verb tenses.

1. 1
CONTENTS
Review
4-1 Past participle
4-2 Forms of the present perfect
4-3 Meanings of the present perfect
4-4 Simple past vs. present perfect
4-5 Using since and for
4-6 Present perfect progressive
4-7 Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect
4-8 Using already, yet, still, and anymore
4-9 Past perfect

2. 2
Jenna _____ loves
her dog. His name __ Max.
Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her
grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.
Jenna _____ very good care her dog.
He __ a great dog.
be
Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS tlgfoaiinvvkdeee
gave
found
takes
is
is

3. 3
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
She has forgotten his name.

4. 4
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
REGULAR
VERBS
IRREGULAR
VERBS
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
finish
stop
wait
see
make
put
finished
stopped
waited
saw
made
put
finished
stopped
waited
seen
made
put
past perfect tense
present perfect tense

5. 5
4-1 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
stop
go
take
write
stopped
went
took
wrote
stopped
gone
taken
written

6. 6
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
He has finished all his work.

7. 7
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) I have worked very hard this year.
(b) The students have worked hard.
(c) Alex has worked very hard.
STATEMENT: have/has + past participle

8. 8
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve gone home.
(e) She’s/He’s gone home.
(f) It’s been hot all week.
CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve
pronoun + has =k’s

9. 9
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I have not gone home yet.
(h) Fatima has not gone home.
NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle

10. 10
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I haven’t gone home yet.
(h) Fatima hasn’t gone home.
NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle
NEGATIVE CONTRACTION:
have + not = haven’t
has + not = hasn’t

11. 11
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(i) Have you read
the report?

12. 12
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(j) Has Marcy gone home?
(k) How long have you worked there?
QUESTION :
have/has + subject + past participle

13. 13
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(l)
Have you read all
of this article?
SHORT ANSWER:
have/haven’t
No, I haven’t. I
have only read a
few pages.

14. 14
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(m)
Yes, she has. She
did it after school.
SHORT ANSWER:
has/hasn’t
Has Kyung
finished her
homework?

15. you
touch
ever
___________________ a snake?
15
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Have you ever touched

16. 16
touch
never
________________
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
I’ve never touched
No,
a snake.

17. 17
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
_________________ a shark?
Has Justin ever seen
Justin
see
ever

18. 18
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Yes, he ___. has
He saw one near Cape Town,
South Africa.

19. 19
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
Tyler has taken his
first steps.
Zoe hasn’t walked
by herself yet.

20. 20
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED
BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME

21. 21
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #1
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
occurred before now or
sometime in the past

22. 22
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
now
before now
time? X
X
MEANING #1

23. 23
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #1
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
activity repeated
before now, unspecified past times

24. 24
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #1
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
now
before now
X
XX X

25. 25
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #2: A SITUATION BEGAN
IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE
PRESENT.

26. 26
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #2
(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.
(g) I have played the violin for six years.
I learned to play six years ago, and I still
play it.
present perfect + since
for
past present

27. 27
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #2:
(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.
x x
x
8:00
now

28. 28
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
Kyung has already taken the test.
MEANING #1: Something happened before
now at an unspecified time.
OR ?
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present.

29. 29
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
I’ve been studying since 8 AM.
MEANING #1: Something happened
before now at an unspecified time
OR ?
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present

30. 30
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
Rosa has been to Italy three times.
MEANING #1: Something happened
before now at an unspecified time
OR ?
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present

31. 31
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
I had an angel fish
when I was a child.
I have had many other
fish since then.

32. 32
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(a) They completed the game at 4:00.
specific time
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) They have already completed the game.
unspecified time

33. 33
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.
specific time
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.
unspecified time

34. 34
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.
for activity began & ended in past
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) Eli has bbeeeenn ccaammppiinngg fsoinr c9e d laaysst .Monday.
for / since activity began & continues

35. 35
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED OR
UNSPECIFIED TIME ?
We have been in Tokyo
many times.
UNSPECIFIED PRESENT
PERFECT

36. 36
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED OR
UNSPECIFIED TIME ?
Barry has never been to Tokyo.
UNSPECIFIED PRESENT
PERFECT

37. 37
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED OR
UNSPECIFIED TIME ?
Gina went to Tokyo
last month.
SPECIFIED SIMPLE PAST

38. 38
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
I have been here since 6:00 AM.

39. 39
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
since May 9, 2007.
since yesterday.
since last week.
Since Specific point in time

40. 40
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
present perfect + since
(c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.
present progressive NOT used

41. 41
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
present perfect + since
(d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.
simple present NOT used

42. 42
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
present perfect + since
(e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.
INCORRECT: I was study English since 2007.
simple past NOT used

43. 43
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
MAIN CLAUSE
(present perfect)
SINCE-CLAUSE
(simple past)
(f) I have known her since I was fifteen.
(g) Jim has played many sports since he tried soccer.
Since time clause

44. 44
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
for about six weeks.
for almost two months.
for many years.
for a long time.
For length of time

45. 45
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(i) I have worked here for twelve years.
I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.
present perfect + for + length of time
past present
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.
simple past
past present

46. 46
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
3 hours
she was six
Mary has been playing the piano
since ___________.
she was six
Mary has been playing the piano
for _t_h_re_e_ _h_o_u_rs__.

47. 47
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
he started school
15 years
Alejandro has studied English
since ________________.
he started school
Alejandro has studied English
for ___fif_te_e_n_ _y_e_a_rs_______.

48. 48
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
for
since
since
I have driven a taxi _____ 2006.
My uncle has driven a taxi __fo_r_ thirty years.

49. 49
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Dee has been working
for ten hours.

50. 50
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(a) Dee has been working since
6 o’clock.
(b) She has been working for
ten hours.
STATEMENT:
have/has + been + -ing

51. 51
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(c) How long has she been working?
QUESTION FORM:
have/has + subject + been + -ing

52. 52
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(d) Mary is playing the piano right now.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
in progress right now
duration of time not mentioned
Mary has been playing the piano right now.

53. 53
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(e) Mary has been playing since noon.
(f) Mary has been playing for an hour.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
began in past
in progress right now
time expressed
Mary is playing the piano since noon.

54. 54
4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(g) CORRECT: It belongs to Amy.
(h) INCORRECT: It is belonging to Amy.
(i) CORRECT: She has owned it
for one month.
(j) INCORRECT: She has been owning
it for one month.
non-action verbs progressive tenses

55. 55
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
My sister _________ the
phone.
use
is using
has been using
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
She _____________ it for three
hours. I need to make a call.

56. 56
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
dance
are dancing
Her parents __________.
They ________________
have been dancing
together for over thirty years.

57. 57
4-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
go
going
Where are you _______for
the summer holiday?
I am ______ going
to the beach.
I ______________ to the beach
have been going
every summer since I was a child.

58. 58
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
These guys are hiking.
They have been hiking for several days.

59. 59
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(a) My cousin is hiking with his friends.
They have been hiking for several days.
duration of present activities,
action verbs
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.
repeated activities
unspecified times in the past

60. 60
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.
(c) INCORRECT: My cousin has been hiking
many mountains.

61. 61
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) The guys have known each other for
(e) INCORRECT: The guys have been knowing
each other for ten years.
ten years.
duration of present activities,
non-action verbs

62. (f) I have been studying medicine for one year.
OR
(g) I have studied medicine for one year.
62
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
same meaning

63. 63
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(h) Rolf has been running every day since he
was a child.
OR
Rolf has run every day since he was a child.
usual, habitual activities
either tense okay

64. 64
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(i) I’ve been studying Spanish ever since I
visited Mexico.
OR
I’ve studied Spanish ever since I visited
Mexico.
usual, habitual activities
either tense okay

65. 65
4-7 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
How long ___ your family ______ here?
We __________ here for ten years.
live
lived
has
have lived

66. 66
4-7 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
How long ___ your family _________ here?
We _____________ here for ten years.
live
been living
has
have been living

67. 67
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
I already fed the dog.

68. 68
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ALREADY
(a) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago.
I already fed the dog.
happened before now
Position: midsentence

69. 69
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
YET
(b) I usually feed the dog, but I haven’t
fed him yet.
did not happen before now
Position: end of sentence

70. 70
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
STILL
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is
still hungry. He still wants to eat.
(d) I liked classical movies when I was
in college. I still like them.
(e) It hasn’t rained all week. It still isn’t
raining.

71. 71
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
STILL
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is
still hungry. He still wants to eat.
(d) I liked classical movies when I was
in college. I still like them.
(e) It hasn’t rained all week. It still isn’t
raining.
situation continues to exist
Position: midsentence

72. 72
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ANYMORE
(f) I used to be a teacher, but I retired.
I don’t work anymore.
does not continue
Position: end of sentence

73. 73
4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ALREADY
(a) I already fed the dog.
affirmative
sentences
YET
(b) I haven’t fed him yet. negative
ANYMORE sentences
(f) I don’t work anymore.
STILL affirmative
(c) He is still hungry.
(e) It still isn’t raining.
or negative
sentences

74. 74
4-8 LET’S PRACTICE
already
yet
still
anymore
She doesn’t have any money.
She _a_l_re_a_d_y_ spent it all.

75. 75
4-8 LET’S PRACTICE
already
yet
still
anymore
I did some homework, but I
__s_t_il_l _ have more to do.

76. We used to be friends, but we had an argument.
We don’t like each other a_n_y_m__o_re__.
76
4-8 LET’S PRACTICE
already
yet
still
anymore

77. 77
4-9 PAST PERFECT
When they arrived
at the store, it had
already closed.

78. 78
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(a) When they arrived at the store, it had
already closed.
two events in the past
1st event - Past Perfect
2nd event – Simple Past

79. 79
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(b) The store had already closed when
they arrived.
FORM: had + past participle

80. 80
4-9 PAST PERFECT
(c) It’d closed.
She’d gone home.
He’d gone home.
They’d gone home.
We’d gone home.
You’d gone home.
CONTRACTION:
I / you / she / he / it / we / they + ’d

81. 81
4-9 PAST PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT
before
now
now
X X X X
(d) I’m not cooking now.
I’ve already ordered
pizza.
before
noon
noon
(e) I was not cooking at noon.
I had already ordered
pizza.
occurred before now,
at an unspecified time
occurred before another
time in the past

82. 82
4-9 PAST PERFECT
PAST PROGRESSIVE PAST PERFECT
he came
home
X X
(f) I was waiting when
the pizza arrived.
pizza
arrived
(g) The pizza had arrived
when he came home.
in progress at a particular
time in the past
completed before a
particular time in the past
pizza
arrived
began
waiting
X X

83. 83
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2nd
I had already gone to bed
when it started snowing.
a. it started snowing ____
2nd
b. I went to bed _1_s_t_

84. 84
4-9 PAST PERFECT
I tried to go shopping, but the
1st
store had closed.
2nd a. store closed ____
1st
b. tried to go shopping ____
2nd

85. 85
4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st
2nd
A friend called to suggest a good movie.
She had seen it last Friday.
a. the friend saw the movie ____
b. the friend called ____
1st
2nd

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