1. The document provides information on the present perfect tense, including its forms, meanings, and differences from the simple past tense. Key uses of the present perfect include actions that began in the past and continue in the present (e.g. "I have lived here for 5 years") and actions that occurred at an unspecified time before now. 2. Examples are given to illustrate the present perfect tense and distinguish it from the simple past, along with exercises for the reader to practice. Guidance is also provided on using "since" to indicate a starting point and "for" to indicate a duration of time. 3. Regular and irregular verb forms are listed for the simple past and past participle, and

1. 1
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
She has forgotten his name.

2. 2
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
REGULAR
VERBS
IRREGULAR
VERBS
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
finish
stop
wait
see
make
put
finished
stopped
waited
saw
made
put
finished
stopped
waited
seen
made
put
past perfect tense
present perfect tense

3. 3
4-1 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
stop
go
take
write
stopped
went
took
wrote
stopped
gone
taken
written

4. 4
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
He has finished all his work.

5. 5
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) I have worked very hard this year.
(b) The students have worked hard.
(c) Alex has worked very hard.
STATEMENT: have/has + past participle

6. 6
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve gone home.
(e) She’s/He’s gone home.
(f) It’s been hot all week.
CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve
pronoun + has =k’s

7. 7
NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I have not gone home yet.
(h) Fatima has not gone home.

8. 8
NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle
NEGATIVE CONTRACTION:
have + not = haven’t
has + not = hasn’t
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I haven’t gone home yet.
(h) Fatima hasn’t gone home.

9. 9
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(i) Have you read
the report?

10. 10
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(j) Has Marcy gone home?
(k) How long have you worked there?
QUESTION :
have/has + subject + past participle

11. 11
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(l)
SHORT ANSWER:
have/haven’t
Have you read all
of this article?
No, I haven’t. I
have only read a
few pages.

12. 12
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(m)
SHORT ANSWER:
has/hasn’t
Yes, she has. She
did it after school.
Has Kyung
finished her
homework?

13. 13
___________________ a snake?
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Have you ever touched
you
touch
ever

14. 14
________________
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
I’ve never touched
touch
never
No,
a snake.

15. 15
_________________ a shark?
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Has Justin ever seen
Justin
see
ever

16. 16
Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town,
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
has
South Africa.

17. 17
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
Tyler has taken his
first steps.
Zoe hasn’t walked
by herself yet.

18. 18
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED
BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME
PRESENT PERFECT

19. 19
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
occurred before now or
sometime in the past
MEANING #1

20. 20
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
now
time?
X
before now
X
MEANING #1

21. 21
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
activity repeated
before now, unspecified past times
MEANING #1

22. 22
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
now
X
before now
X
XX
MEANING #1

23. 23
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #2: A SITUATION BEGAN
IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE
PRESENT.

24. 24
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.
(g) I have played the violin for six years.
I learned to play six years ago, and I still
play it.
present perfect +
since
for
past present
MEANING #2

25. 25
4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #2:
x
x
x
8:00
now
(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.

26. 26
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happened before
now at an unspecified time.
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present.
Kyung has already taken the test.
OR ?

27. 27
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happened
before now at an unspecified time
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present
I’ve been studying since 8 AM.
OR ?

28. 28
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happened
before now at an unspecified time
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present
Rosa has been to Italy three times.
OR ?

29. 29
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
I had an angel fish
when I was a child.
I have had many other
fish since then.

30. 30
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(a) They completed the game at 4:00.
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) They have already completed the game.
specific time
unspecified time

31. 31
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.
specific time
unspecified time

32. 32
4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) Eli has been camping for 9 days.
(f) Eli has been camping since last Monday.
for activity began & ended in past
for / since activity began & continues

33. 33
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?
We have been in Tokyo
many times.
OR
UNSPECIFIED
PRESENT
PERFECT

34. 34
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?
Barry has never been to Tokyo.
OR
UNSPECIFIED
PRESENT
PERFECT

35. 35
4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?
Gina went to Tokyo
last month.
OR
SPECIFIED SIMPLE PAST

36. 36
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
since May 9, 2007.
since yesterday.
since last week.
Since Specific point in time

37. 37
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.
present perfect + since
present progressive NOT used

38. 38
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.
present perfect + since
simple present NOT used

39. 39
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.
present perfect + since
simple past NOT used
INCORRECT: I was study English since 2007.

40. 40
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
for about six weeks.
for almost two months.
for many years.
for a long time.
For length of time

41. 41
4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(i) I have worked here for twelve years.
I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.
present perfect + for + length of time
past present
simple past
past present

42. 42
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Mary has been playing the piano
since ___________.
3 hours
she was six
she was six
Mary has been playing the piano
for ___________.
three hours

43. 43
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Alejandro has studied English
since ________________.
he started school
15 years
he started school
Alejandro has studied English
for __________________.
fifteen years

44. 44
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
I have driven a taxi _____ 2006.
for
since
since
My uncle has driven a taxi ____ thirty years.
for