Henry Fayol was a French engineer who made significant contributions to management theory. He distinguished between technical and managerial skills, identified core management functions, and developed principles of management. Some of the key principles he proposed included the division of work into smaller tasks for efficiency, ensuring authority is aligned with responsibility, maintaining discipline through rules and incentives, having a single reporting manager to avoid conflicting instructions, grouping activities with common objectives under one head, and prioritizing the interests of the organization over individual interests.

3.  (Henry Fayol (1841-1925) was a French engineer
began his career in a mining company and later
became the Managing Director of the Company.
 Fayol made three significant contributions to the
theory of Management. Firstly, he made a class
distinction between technical and managerial
skills; Secondly, he identified the functions
constituting the management process. Thirdly, he
developed principles of management.

4. Division of Work
This principle states that a complex work
should be divided into small tasks, and each
task should be assigned to a particular
employee. This makes each task simpler and
easier to perform and results in efficiency it is
applicable to both technical and managerial
activities.

6. Authority and Responsibility
 Authority is the right to give orders to the
subordinates. Responsibility, on the hand,
means obligation to perform the work in the
manner desired and directed by authority. So
Authority and responsibility should be
commensurate with each other.

7. Discipline
 This principle states that good supervision,
clear rules and built in-system of reward and
punishment helps to maintain discipline.

8. Unity of Command
 The principle of unity of command states that
each employee should receive orders from one
superior only. Unity of command helps
avoiding such contradictory instructions.

9. Unity of direction
 This principle states that the activities, which have
a common objective must be grouped together and
must be under one Head. There is one plan for
such activities.
 This principle when applied properly, ensures
unity of action and facilitates co-ordination.
Principle of unity of direction emphasises the
importance of common goals being persued by all
in a group activity under the direction of one head.

11. Subordination of individual interest to
general interest.
 Fayol says that
‘The business enterprise is superior to individuals. The
interest of the business organisation must prevail over
personal interests of the individuals. The management
should direct its efforts in convincing every individual
in the organisation that the interest of the enterprise is
supreme. When individuals work in a group, group
interest should prevail over that of each individual.”

12. Thank you