1) A novel 7-level fault-tolerant cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter is proposed to improve power quality and reliability. It uses a dedicated fault detection and isolation unit to diagnose faulty switches and replace them with redundant switches.
2) The paper analyzes a perturb and observe maximum power point tracking photovoltaic system with a multilevel inverter and fault-tolerant control. It aims to regulate voltage from PV panels and deliver maximum power at full load.
3) Simulation results show the performance of the proposed 9-level cascaded H-bridge inverter both with and without an open circuit fault, demonstrating the fault detection and isolation capabilities of the system.
A New Configuration of Asymmetric Multilevel Converter to Maximize the Number...IJMTST Journal
The multilevel converters are increasingly becoming popular because of its high power applications. This research paper describes about the new structure that can produce increased number of output voltage waveform using a single source and reduced number of power electronic components. In designing a multilevel converter, the power electronic switches play a very imperative role as it describes the installation area, cost, configuration complexity and may more things that play a significant role while designing. The prime function of multilevel converter is to abolish total harmonic distortion and to incorporate desired ac voltage from several separate dc sources. Each level consists of H-Bridge converter units. High efficiency, high voltage capability, lower switching losses are its prime advantages. A multilevel power converter structure can be introduced as an alternative in medium voltage and high power situations. This structure not only achieves high power ratings but also empower the use of renewable energy sources. It finds its basic application in adjustable speed drives, Static Compensator (STATCOM).
Five Level Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Harmonic Reduced in PWM Switch...ijsrd.com
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as a inverter. This paper describes a harmonics reduced in a hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter circuit with pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme. These scheme pulse width modulations in modified method are uses reduce switching device. These methods are a conventional inverter and hybrid inverter combine form. This topology used the combined form of a new five level hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter. The multilevel carrier based pulse width modulation methods are used in this topology five level output voltage wave forms is shown in FFT window MATLABE/SIMULINK is used to simulate the inverter circuit operation and control signals.
Cascaded H-BRIDGE Converter for Domestic ApplicationsIJTET Journal
1) The document presents a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter that uses separate DC sources from solar panels for each level.
2) The inverter is simulated using MATLAB and produces a five-level stepped voltage waveform as the output.
3) The cascaded H-bridge topology has advantages of modular structure, low component count per level, and potential for soft switching. It can be used for applications such as UPS, battery charging, and electric vehicles.
IRJET- A New Three Phase AC-DC-AC Five Level Multilevel InverterIRJET Journal
The document describes a new five-level single-phase inverter structure that uses less switches and carrier signals than conventional topologies, resulting in lower total harmonic distortion. The proposed inverter converts DC power to AC power at the required voltage and frequency levels. It was modeled and simulated in Matlab Simulink software. Control of the inverter involves pulse-based switching strategies to balance voltages across levels when they are unequal, by splitting harmonic voltages into pulses that different voltage levels can generate.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic, wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications. In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium
voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful
concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an
alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic,
wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications.
In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are
presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased
are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
This simulation summarizes a student's bachelor's thesis on solid state transformers using cascaded H-bridge converters. It describes a proposed 20kVA cascaded H-bridge converter based solid state transformer connecting to a 12kV distribution system. Key components include a cascaded AC/DC rectifier, dual active bridge converters with high frequency transformers, and a DC/AC inverter. The simulation models this design in NI Multisim, using IGBT switches and various control circuits to regulate the voltage and power flow between the primary and secondary sides. Simulation results demonstrate voltage regulation through phase control of the rectifiers and output voltage control of the SPWM inverters.
Simulation and study of multilevel inverter (report)Arpit Kurel
The document discusses the simulation and study of a multilevel inverter. It begins with an abstract that outlines that multilevel inverters are used to convert DC power to AC power at required voltage and frequency levels for applications like motor drives and grid connections. It then discusses different multilevel inverter topologies like diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge. For this project, a three phase five level inverter is simulated using sinusoidal PWM technique in MATLAB/Simulink. The topology used is a cascaded H-bridge inverter with separate DC sources. The multilevel inverter reduces harmonic contents in the output waveform compared to a three level inverter.
A New Configuration of Asymmetric Multilevel Converter to Maximize the Number...IJMTST Journal
The multilevel converters are increasingly becoming popular because of its high power applications. This research paper describes about the new structure that can produce increased number of output voltage waveform using a single source and reduced number of power electronic components. In designing a multilevel converter, the power electronic switches play a very imperative role as it describes the installation area, cost, configuration complexity and may more things that play a significant role while designing. The prime function of multilevel converter is to abolish total harmonic distortion and to incorporate desired ac voltage from several separate dc sources. Each level consists of H-Bridge converter units. High efficiency, high voltage capability, lower switching losses are its prime advantages. A multilevel power converter structure can be introduced as an alternative in medium voltage and high power situations. This structure not only achieves high power ratings but also empower the use of renewable energy sources. It finds its basic application in adjustable speed drives, Static Compensator (STATCOM).
Five Level Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Harmonic Reduced in PWM Switch...ijsrd.com
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as a inverter. This paper describes a harmonics reduced in a hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter circuit with pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme. These scheme pulse width modulations in modified method are uses reduce switching device. These methods are a conventional inverter and hybrid inverter combine form. This topology used the combined form of a new five level hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter. The multilevel carrier based pulse width modulation methods are used in this topology five level output voltage wave forms is shown in FFT window MATLABE/SIMULINK is used to simulate the inverter circuit operation and control signals.
Cascaded H-BRIDGE Converter for Domestic ApplicationsIJTET Journal
1) The document presents a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter that uses separate DC sources from solar panels for each level.
2) The inverter is simulated using MATLAB and produces a five-level stepped voltage waveform as the output.
3) The cascaded H-bridge topology has advantages of modular structure, low component count per level, and potential for soft switching. It can be used for applications such as UPS, battery charging, and electric vehicles.
IRJET- A New Three Phase AC-DC-AC Five Level Multilevel InverterIRJET Journal
The document describes a new five-level single-phase inverter structure that uses less switches and carrier signals than conventional topologies, resulting in lower total harmonic distortion. The proposed inverter converts DC power to AC power at the required voltage and frequency levels. It was modeled and simulated in Matlab Simulink software. Control of the inverter involves pulse-based switching strategies to balance voltages across levels when they are unequal, by splitting harmonic voltages into pulses that different voltage levels can generate.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic, wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications. In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium
voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful
concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an
alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic,
wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications.
In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are
presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased
are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
This simulation summarizes a student's bachelor's thesis on solid state transformers using cascaded H-bridge converters. It describes a proposed 20kVA cascaded H-bridge converter based solid state transformer connecting to a 12kV distribution system. Key components include a cascaded AC/DC rectifier, dual active bridge converters with high frequency transformers, and a DC/AC inverter. The simulation models this design in NI Multisim, using IGBT switches and various control circuits to regulate the voltage and power flow between the primary and secondary sides. Simulation results demonstrate voltage regulation through phase control of the rectifiers and output voltage control of the SPWM inverters.
Simulation and study of multilevel inverter (report)Arpit Kurel
The document discusses the simulation and study of a multilevel inverter. It begins with an abstract that outlines that multilevel inverters are used to convert DC power to AC power at required voltage and frequency levels for applications like motor drives and grid connections. It then discusses different multilevel inverter topologies like diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge. For this project, a three phase five level inverter is simulated using sinusoidal PWM technique in MATLAB/Simulink. The topology used is a cascaded H-bridge inverter with separate DC sources. The multilevel inverter reduces harmonic contents in the output waveform compared to a three level inverter.
A modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology with reduced number...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology that uses a multilevel DC link (MLDCL) and a single full bridge inverter to reduce the number of power electronic switching components compared to a conventional design.
2) Normally, multilevel inverters require more switches as the number of output voltage levels increases, increasing complexity. The proposed topology introduces an MLDCL using half bridge cells connected to separate DC sources to produce a staircase DC voltage, along with a single H-bridge inverter, significantly reducing the required switch count.
3) MATLAB/Simulink simulations are used to verify the performance of the proposed topology and demonstrate its ability to produce a high quality
The document describes a proposed 127-level hybrid multilevel inverter topology. Multilevel inverters are useful for medium-voltage high-power applications as they can generate stepped voltage waveforms to reduce harmonic distortion. The proposed topology uses a bypass diode technique and H-bridge configuration to produce 31 voltage levels with only 8 switches and 4 diodes, reducing components compared to other multilevel inverter topologies. The performance of the 31-level inverter is studied using MATLAB/Simulink simulation. A 1 kW hardware prototype is developed to experimentally verify the concept. The proposed topology aims to reduce switching losses and total harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement by Harmonic Reduction using Compact Desi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new multilevel inverter design with reduced number of switches to improve power quality by reducing harmonic distortion. The proposed design is a 21-level cascaded H-bridge inverter topology that uses only 24 switches compared to other multilevel inverter designs. The performance of the proposed inverter is validated through MATLAB simulation, which shows it can generate a 21-level output voltage waveform with 10.65% total harmonic distortion under no load conditions.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the design of a new five-level multi-level inverter (MLI) based on a multi-level module (MLM). A novel cascaded MLI is introduced that uses sub multilevel units and a full bridge circuit to generate output voltages with improved power quality over traditional designs. The operation and performance of the proposed five-level MLI is simulated using multi carrier phase disposition PWM and constant frequency control methods. The MLI has applications in renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and industrial motor drives by providing smoother voltage waveforms and improved efficiency compared to conventional inverters.
Design & Simulation of 3-Phase, 27-Level Inverter with Reverse Voltage TopologyIJMTST Journal
Multilevel inverters have been widely accepted for high-power high-voltage applications. Their performance
is highly superior to that of conventional Seven-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortion, lower
electromagnetic interference, and higher dc link voltages. In this paper, a new topology with a
reversing-voltage component is proposed to improve the multilevel performance. This topology requires fewer
components compared to existing inverters (particularly in higher levels) and requires fewer carrier signals
and gate drives. Therefore, the complexity is greatly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. The
Proposed 27-level inverter is modeled and simulated in Matlab 2012b using Simulink and Sim Power
Systems set tool boxes
This paper proposes an asymmetrical cascaded single phase H-bridge inverter. The proposed inverter consists of two modules with unequal and isolated dc sources. Each module is composed of dc source, conventional four switches H-bridge and single bidirectional switch. To increase the output voltage levels, the tertiary ratio, 1:3, between its two dc sources is adopted. Both the fundamental frequency and the multicarrier pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes are employed to generate switches signals. By controlling the inverter modulation index, the proposed inverter can generate an output voltage having up to seventeen levels by using only two modules. The proposed topology has also the feature of modularity which means that it can be extended to any levels by adding new modules. The proposed topology is simulated using an inductive load and some selected simulation results have been provided to validate the proposed inverter.
THD Analysis of Cascaded Multi level Inverters using different PWM Techniquesijtsrd
Multi level inverters MLI are used in places or industries that require very high voltage and huge current. Multi level inverter topologies have various advantages over single level converters. These advantages are like rise in output voltage, reduction in the total harmonic distortion THD , reduction in electro magnetic interference EMI generation etc. Key attribute of a multi level inverter is the reduction in the voltage stress on each power device. This reduction is due to the use of several levels available on the DC bus. The dawn of multi level inverter topologies have created requirement of various pulse width modulation techniques. In this paper authors have used PWM technique, by which the total harmonic distortion of the multi level inverter is decreased. In this we have also controlled the speed of the induction motor by supplying the power through a multi level inverter. Shilpa Sambhi | Ankit Mittal | Aviral Srivastava | Ayan Mondal | Nitin Varshney ""THD Analysis of Cascaded Multi-level Inverters using different PWM Techniques"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23984.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23984/thd-analysis-of-cascaded-multi-level-inverters-using-different-pwm-techniques/shilpa-sambhi
Research on hybrid modulation strategies on the hybridBalamurugan Ramu
This document describes a student project on researching hybrid modulation strategies for multilevel inverters with an H-bridge topology. The project is guided by Mr. C.R. Balamurugan and involves group members S. Amanullah, R. Balamurugan, A. Manivasagan, and M. Sai Natarajan. The objectives are to perform hybrid modulation techniques in MATLAB and choose the most efficient for hardware implementation. Simulation and analysis of different modulation methods are conducted considering total harmonic distortion, voltage, and load conditions like resistive, RL, and induction motor. Hardware implementation involves an FPGA module to generate switching pulses and an H-bridge module using MOSFETs.
IRJET- Designing and Simulation of Multilevel STATCOM on Cascaded TopologyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and simulation of a cascaded multilevel STATCOM topology. It first discusses the need for reactive power compensation and control of power systems. It then describes the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology used for the STATCOM, noting its advantages over other multilevel inverter types. The document outlines the methodology, discussing control of the STATCOM using pulse width modulation techniques. It also reviews prior implementations of STATCOMs and issues with earlier converter configurations.
In present days of electrical industries, adjustable speed controlled induction
motor drives are very common due to its versatile features. For the speed control of induction
motor, variable frequency sources are the heart of such drives. To attain variable frequency
and variable voltage supply a power electronics device; single phase matrix converter is
proposed.
In this paper, the single phase matrix converter is modeled in MATLAB Simulink
environment; controlled with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique, control scheme is
implemented in a Xilinx system generator environment and interfaced with power circuit in
MATLAB Simulink. Analyses this SPMC with different type of loads in both frequency step
up and step down modes. Based on simulation results, this converter is suitable for variable
frequency power supplies, varying load conditions and variable speed electrical drives.
FPGA control is best suitable for controlling a circuit like SPMC, consists of more
controlled elements to attain fast operation.
IRJET- Implementation of Multilevel Inverter using Solar PV Array for Renewab...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of a multi-level inverter using a solar PV array for renewable energy applications. Specifically, it proposes a system that uses a MPPT controller with a dc/dc converter and a nine-level inverter. It describes the design and components of the proposed prototype, including the solar PV array, modified SEPIC converter for high voltage gain, multi-level H-bridge inverter topology, and MPPT controller. A PIC microcontroller is used to implement the MPPT algorithm and control the system. Finally, an isolated MOSFET driver circuit is discussed to safely and efficiently drive the MOSFETs in the system.
Conventional and emerging converter technologies in hvdc power transmission s...Naveed Shahzad
The efficiency of HVDC system is primarily associated with power electronic converters which are playing the key role in transforming AC to DC and vice versa. There have been several converter topologies known and implemented in HVDC system throughout the world, however the major converter topologies are line commutated-current source converters (CSC) and self-commutated voltage source converters (VSC). This presentation provides an overview and comparison of CSC and VSC converters including their applications, advantages, limitations and new technological advancement related to CSC, and VSC including 2 level VSC and 3 level VSC and newer modular multilevel converter (MMC) topologies.
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based on Voltage Source Converter-HVDC with MMC TopologyIJMTST Journal
This paper presents Modular Multi Level Converters (MMC) are used for high voltage high power DC to AC conversion. The MMCs with increased number of levels offer close to sine wave operation with reduced THD on the AC side. This is a new type of voltage source converter (VSC) topology. The use of this converter in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system is called by a MMC-HVDC system. The MMC-HVDC has the advantage in terms of scalability, performance, and efficiency over two-and three-level VSC-HVDC. The proposed HVDC system offers the operational flexibility of VSC based systems in terms of active and reactive power control, in addition to improved ac fault ride-through capability and the unique feature of current-limiting capability during dc side faults. The proposed VSC-HVDC system, in this project assesses its dynamic performance during steady-state and network alternations, including its response to AC and DC side faults. In this project using a fuzzy controller and the proposed topology is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and the simulation results are observed.
BE-EEE-8th sem project report for the project titled "Asymmetrical Multilevel...MOHAMMED SAQIB
This document discusses asymmetrical multilevel inverters for producing higher output voltage levels. It introduces multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional two-level inverters. The cascaded H-bridge topology requires fewer components and is suitable for high power applications. Asymmetric cascaded H-bridge topologies can produce more voltage levels using different DC source voltages. The document proposes a new asymmetric bidirectional converter topology that uses contradictory ratios of DC voltages to generate a higher number of output voltage levels using fewer switches. Simulation results will validate that this topology can achieve a seven-level output from two H-bridges with reduced total harmonic distortion.
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based High Frequency Link AC-AC Converter For Voltage ...IJTET Journal
Abstract—In this paper, an advanced high frequency link AC-AC Push-pull cycloconverter for the voltage compensation is proposed in order to maintain the power quality in electric grid. The proposed methodology can be achieve arbitrary output voltage without using large energy storage elements. So that the system is more steadfast and less costly compared with the conventional inverter topology. Additionally, the proposed converter does not contain any line frequency transformer, which reduces the cost further. The control scheme for the push pull cycloconverter employs the fuzzy logic controller based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) to accomplish better performance on voltage compensation, like unbalanced voltage harmonics elimination. The simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed high frequency link AC-AC converter and fuzzy logic controller based SPWM technology
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of MOSFETS have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses. In this paper single phase to three phase power conversion using PWM technique. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment which demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme.
A New Voltage Balancing Converter for Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Invert...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a grid-connected photovoltaic system that uses a Neutral Point Clamped multilevel inverter with fuzzy MPPT tracking and a voltage balancing converter.
2) The proposed voltage balancing converter can equalize the voltages of the DC link capacitors without using magnetic components, and can boost the input voltage without needing additional DC sources.
3) The system was modeled in MATLAB/SimPowerSystems and aims to maximize solar panel output power using fuzzy logic MPPT control while maintaining steady output voltage through balanced capacitors.
This project aims at using (PD-MCPWM) Phase
disposition multi carrier pulse width modulation technique to
reduce leakage current in a transformerless cascaded multilevel
inverter for PV systems. Advantages of transformerless PV
inverter topology is as follows, simple structure, low weight and
provides higher efficiency , but however this topology provides a
path for the leakage current to flow through the parasitic
capacitance formed between the PV module and the ground.
Modulation technique reduces leakage current with an added
advantage without adding any extra components.
Topology and Modulation for a New Multilevel Diode-Clamped Matrix ConverterProjectsatbangalore
This document proposes a new three-level diode-clamped matrix converter topology and modulation scheme for high power applications. The topology combines a cascaded rectifier and three-level diode-clamped inverter. This overcomes voltage limits of power switches for high voltages. It provides bidirectional power flow, sinusoidal input/output currents, simple switch commutation, and avoids voltage balancing issues of other multilevel inverters. The functionality of the proposed topology and modulation scheme is verified through simulation and experimental results.
Development of Multilevel Inverters for Control ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of multilevel inverters for control applications. It begins by introducing multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional two-level inverters for high power applications. It then describes the different types of multilevel inverters and compares their characteristics. The document simulates a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using sinusoidal pulse width modulation and analyzes its output waveforms. It then proposes using a neural network controller for the inverter and simulates its performance, showing lower total harmonic distortion compared to the conventional control method.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
A modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology with reduced number...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology that uses a multilevel DC link (MLDCL) and a single full bridge inverter to reduce the number of power electronic switching components compared to a conventional design.
2) Normally, multilevel inverters require more switches as the number of output voltage levels increases, increasing complexity. The proposed topology introduces an MLDCL using half bridge cells connected to separate DC sources to produce a staircase DC voltage, along with a single H-bridge inverter, significantly reducing the required switch count.
3) MATLAB/Simulink simulations are used to verify the performance of the proposed topology and demonstrate its ability to produce a high quality
The document describes a proposed 127-level hybrid multilevel inverter topology. Multilevel inverters are useful for medium-voltage high-power applications as they can generate stepped voltage waveforms to reduce harmonic distortion. The proposed topology uses a bypass diode technique and H-bridge configuration to produce 31 voltage levels with only 8 switches and 4 diodes, reducing components compared to other multilevel inverter topologies. The performance of the 31-level inverter is studied using MATLAB/Simulink simulation. A 1 kW hardware prototype is developed to experimentally verify the concept. The proposed topology aims to reduce switching losses and total harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement by Harmonic Reduction using Compact Desi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new multilevel inverter design with reduced number of switches to improve power quality by reducing harmonic distortion. The proposed design is a 21-level cascaded H-bridge inverter topology that uses only 24 switches compared to other multilevel inverter designs. The performance of the proposed inverter is validated through MATLAB simulation, which shows it can generate a 21-level output voltage waveform with 10.65% total harmonic distortion under no load conditions.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the design of a new five-level multi-level inverter (MLI) based on a multi-level module (MLM). A novel cascaded MLI is introduced that uses sub multilevel units and a full bridge circuit to generate output voltages with improved power quality over traditional designs. The operation and performance of the proposed five-level MLI is simulated using multi carrier phase disposition PWM and constant frequency control methods. The MLI has applications in renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and industrial motor drives by providing smoother voltage waveforms and improved efficiency compared to conventional inverters.
Design & Simulation of 3-Phase, 27-Level Inverter with Reverse Voltage TopologyIJMTST Journal
Multilevel inverters have been widely accepted for high-power high-voltage applications. Their performance
is highly superior to that of conventional Seven-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortion, lower
electromagnetic interference, and higher dc link voltages. In this paper, a new topology with a
reversing-voltage component is proposed to improve the multilevel performance. This topology requires fewer
components compared to existing inverters (particularly in higher levels) and requires fewer carrier signals
and gate drives. Therefore, the complexity is greatly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. The
Proposed 27-level inverter is modeled and simulated in Matlab 2012b using Simulink and Sim Power
Systems set tool boxes
This paper proposes an asymmetrical cascaded single phase H-bridge inverter. The proposed inverter consists of two modules with unequal and isolated dc sources. Each module is composed of dc source, conventional four switches H-bridge and single bidirectional switch. To increase the output voltage levels, the tertiary ratio, 1:3, between its two dc sources is adopted. Both the fundamental frequency and the multicarrier pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes are employed to generate switches signals. By controlling the inverter modulation index, the proposed inverter can generate an output voltage having up to seventeen levels by using only two modules. The proposed topology has also the feature of modularity which means that it can be extended to any levels by adding new modules. The proposed topology is simulated using an inductive load and some selected simulation results have been provided to validate the proposed inverter.
THD Analysis of Cascaded Multi level Inverters using different PWM Techniquesijtsrd
Multi level inverters MLI are used in places or industries that require very high voltage and huge current. Multi level inverter topologies have various advantages over single level converters. These advantages are like rise in output voltage, reduction in the total harmonic distortion THD , reduction in electro magnetic interference EMI generation etc. Key attribute of a multi level inverter is the reduction in the voltage stress on each power device. This reduction is due to the use of several levels available on the DC bus. The dawn of multi level inverter topologies have created requirement of various pulse width modulation techniques. In this paper authors have used PWM technique, by which the total harmonic distortion of the multi level inverter is decreased. In this we have also controlled the speed of the induction motor by supplying the power through a multi level inverter. Shilpa Sambhi | Ankit Mittal | Aviral Srivastava | Ayan Mondal | Nitin Varshney ""THD Analysis of Cascaded Multi-level Inverters using different PWM Techniques"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23984.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23984/thd-analysis-of-cascaded-multi-level-inverters-using-different-pwm-techniques/shilpa-sambhi
Research on hybrid modulation strategies on the hybridBalamurugan Ramu
This document describes a student project on researching hybrid modulation strategies for multilevel inverters with an H-bridge topology. The project is guided by Mr. C.R. Balamurugan and involves group members S. Amanullah, R. Balamurugan, A. Manivasagan, and M. Sai Natarajan. The objectives are to perform hybrid modulation techniques in MATLAB and choose the most efficient for hardware implementation. Simulation and analysis of different modulation methods are conducted considering total harmonic distortion, voltage, and load conditions like resistive, RL, and induction motor. Hardware implementation involves an FPGA module to generate switching pulses and an H-bridge module using MOSFETs.
IRJET- Designing and Simulation of Multilevel STATCOM on Cascaded TopologyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and simulation of a cascaded multilevel STATCOM topology. It first discusses the need for reactive power compensation and control of power systems. It then describes the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology used for the STATCOM, noting its advantages over other multilevel inverter types. The document outlines the methodology, discussing control of the STATCOM using pulse width modulation techniques. It also reviews prior implementations of STATCOMs and issues with earlier converter configurations.
In present days of electrical industries, adjustable speed controlled induction
motor drives are very common due to its versatile features. For the speed control of induction
motor, variable frequency sources are the heart of such drives. To attain variable frequency
and variable voltage supply a power electronics device; single phase matrix converter is
proposed.
In this paper, the single phase matrix converter is modeled in MATLAB Simulink
environment; controlled with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique, control scheme is
implemented in a Xilinx system generator environment and interfaced with power circuit in
MATLAB Simulink. Analyses this SPMC with different type of loads in both frequency step
up and step down modes. Based on simulation results, this converter is suitable for variable
frequency power supplies, varying load conditions and variable speed electrical drives.
FPGA control is best suitable for controlling a circuit like SPMC, consists of more
controlled elements to attain fast operation.
IRJET- Implementation of Multilevel Inverter using Solar PV Array for Renewab...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of a multi-level inverter using a solar PV array for renewable energy applications. Specifically, it proposes a system that uses a MPPT controller with a dc/dc converter and a nine-level inverter. It describes the design and components of the proposed prototype, including the solar PV array, modified SEPIC converter for high voltage gain, multi-level H-bridge inverter topology, and MPPT controller. A PIC microcontroller is used to implement the MPPT algorithm and control the system. Finally, an isolated MOSFET driver circuit is discussed to safely and efficiently drive the MOSFETs in the system.
Conventional and emerging converter technologies in hvdc power transmission s...Naveed Shahzad
The efficiency of HVDC system is primarily associated with power electronic converters which are playing the key role in transforming AC to DC and vice versa. There have been several converter topologies known and implemented in HVDC system throughout the world, however the major converter topologies are line commutated-current source converters (CSC) and self-commutated voltage source converters (VSC). This presentation provides an overview and comparison of CSC and VSC converters including their applications, advantages, limitations and new technological advancement related to CSC, and VSC including 2 level VSC and 3 level VSC and newer modular multilevel converter (MMC) topologies.
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based on Voltage Source Converter-HVDC with MMC TopologyIJMTST Journal
This paper presents Modular Multi Level Converters (MMC) are used for high voltage high power DC to AC conversion. The MMCs with increased number of levels offer close to sine wave operation with reduced THD on the AC side. This is a new type of voltage source converter (VSC) topology. The use of this converter in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system is called by a MMC-HVDC system. The MMC-HVDC has the advantage in terms of scalability, performance, and efficiency over two-and three-level VSC-HVDC. The proposed HVDC system offers the operational flexibility of VSC based systems in terms of active and reactive power control, in addition to improved ac fault ride-through capability and the unique feature of current-limiting capability during dc side faults. The proposed VSC-HVDC system, in this project assesses its dynamic performance during steady-state and network alternations, including its response to AC and DC side faults. In this project using a fuzzy controller and the proposed topology is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and the simulation results are observed.
BE-EEE-8th sem project report for the project titled "Asymmetrical Multilevel...MOHAMMED SAQIB
This document discusses asymmetrical multilevel inverters for producing higher output voltage levels. It introduces multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional two-level inverters. The cascaded H-bridge topology requires fewer components and is suitable for high power applications. Asymmetric cascaded H-bridge topologies can produce more voltage levels using different DC source voltages. The document proposes a new asymmetric bidirectional converter topology that uses contradictory ratios of DC voltages to generate a higher number of output voltage levels using fewer switches. Simulation results will validate that this topology can achieve a seven-level output from two H-bridges with reduced total harmonic distortion.
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based High Frequency Link AC-AC Converter For Voltage ...IJTET Journal
Abstract—In this paper, an advanced high frequency link AC-AC Push-pull cycloconverter for the voltage compensation is proposed in order to maintain the power quality in electric grid. The proposed methodology can be achieve arbitrary output voltage without using large energy storage elements. So that the system is more steadfast and less costly compared with the conventional inverter topology. Additionally, the proposed converter does not contain any line frequency transformer, which reduces the cost further. The control scheme for the push pull cycloconverter employs the fuzzy logic controller based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) to accomplish better performance on voltage compensation, like unbalanced voltage harmonics elimination. The simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed high frequency link AC-AC converter and fuzzy logic controller based SPWM technology
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of MOSFETS have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses. In this paper single phase to three phase power conversion using PWM technique. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment which demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme.
A New Voltage Balancing Converter for Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Invert...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a grid-connected photovoltaic system that uses a Neutral Point Clamped multilevel inverter with fuzzy MPPT tracking and a voltage balancing converter.
2) The proposed voltage balancing converter can equalize the voltages of the DC link capacitors without using magnetic components, and can boost the input voltage without needing additional DC sources.
3) The system was modeled in MATLAB/SimPowerSystems and aims to maximize solar panel output power using fuzzy logic MPPT control while maintaining steady output voltage through balanced capacitors.
This project aims at using (PD-MCPWM) Phase
disposition multi carrier pulse width modulation technique to
reduce leakage current in a transformerless cascaded multilevel
inverter for PV systems. Advantages of transformerless PV
inverter topology is as follows, simple structure, low weight and
provides higher efficiency , but however this topology provides a
path for the leakage current to flow through the parasitic
capacitance formed between the PV module and the ground.
Modulation technique reduces leakage current with an added
advantage without adding any extra components.
Topology and Modulation for a New Multilevel Diode-Clamped Matrix ConverterProjectsatbangalore
This document proposes a new three-level diode-clamped matrix converter topology and modulation scheme for high power applications. The topology combines a cascaded rectifier and three-level diode-clamped inverter. This overcomes voltage limits of power switches for high voltages. It provides bidirectional power flow, sinusoidal input/output currents, simple switch commutation, and avoids voltage balancing issues of other multilevel inverters. The functionality of the proposed topology and modulation scheme is verified through simulation and experimental results.
Development of Multilevel Inverters for Control ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of multilevel inverters for control applications. It begins by introducing multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional two-level inverters for high power applications. It then describes the different types of multilevel inverters and compares their characteristics. The document simulates a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using sinusoidal pulse width modulation and analyzes its output waveforms. It then proposes using a neural network controller for the inverter and simulates its performance, showing lower total harmonic distortion compared to the conventional control method.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
1. Design and Analysis of the Multilevel Inverters with Fault-tolerant Control system for the Power
Quality Improvement in the PV system
2. Abstract:
• In this paper, a perturb and observe (P&O) based MPPT PV system with
Multilevel inverter is analyzed with the fault tolerant control system.
• Since the application of MLI in a standalone photo‐voltaic (PV) system requires
constant DC voltages from PV panels, the MPPT strategy is deployed to regulate
the voltage along with the capability to deliver the maximum power at full load.
• A multilevel converter is an electrical device that may offer several amounts of
voltage levels at the output in order to make the output more comparable to a pure
sine wave.
• The integrity of the multilevel converter depends on the reliability of individual
switches such that the converter will collapse in case of faults in these switches.
3. • In this paper, a novel 7-level Fault-Tolerant Cascaded H-Bridge
Multilevel Inverter (FT-CHB-MLI) has been proposed that offers high
reliability with improved power quality.
• A dedicated Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) unit has been built to
diagnose the faulty switch and replace it with a standby redundant
switch.
• Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and the determination of a
normalized output voltage factor are employed for fault diagnosis.
• The Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation (PD-PWM) technique
has been utilized for switching due to its superior performance as
compared to other conventional techniques
4. INTRODUCTION
• A. MULTILEVEL INVERTERS
• Due to their appealing features, such as high-quality waveform and high nominal
power, Multilevel Inverters (MLIs) have gained popularity among PV systems. As a
result, several converters have been developed, including cascade H-bridge
converters, neutral point clamped converters, and hybrid multilevel converters.
• These converters can be used in applications requiring medium and high power.
Multilevel converters were originally used in the power train and high-voltage
industrial applications.
• These converters were employed in utility-scale facilities for the first time in the
renewable energy area, and they are still used on a wide scale in utility-scale
plants today [1]–[3].
• If we split single-phase multilevel converters into three categories, we get Neutral
Point Clamped (NPC), Continuous Feedback (CFB), and Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB)
converters.
5. • When employed in a three-level converter, the diode-clamped
converter is also known as the NPC since the mid-voltage level is
specified as the neutral point level [4].
• The fundamental shortcoming of NPC converters in terms of the
complete bridge is the requirement for dual dc-link voltage [5]. An H-
bridge is a pair of capacitors and switches that produces a different
input DC voltage.
• MLIs are used for multiple purposes in voltage going from high level
to medium level.
6. STRUCTURE OF A CASCADED H-BRIDGE MLI
• CHB MLI has a modular structure, which is one of the reasons why so many
devices have this CHB MLI. By tinkering with the power cells, we may simply
increase or reduce the power level of these inverters.
• The H-Bridge power cells are connected in series with one another, resulting in an
increase in the inverter’s power and voltage level. The structure of an MLI uses
four devices for switching, each of which has a diode linked in reverse to it.
• A DC input voltage source is linked to each power cell. A Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM) output waveform will be generated by these power cells.
• The waveform will be in the shape of stairs. The Cascaded H-bride inverter is
divided into 2 types [7]. They are:
• 1) Asymmetrical Cascaded H-Bridge MLI
• 2) Symmetrical Cascaded H-Bridge MLI
7. Schematic diagram of 7 levels cascaded H-
Bridge multi-level inverter.
The CHB topology is mostly used for
multilevel inverters due to the following
advantages:
1. There are more than twice as many
potential output voltage levels ‘‘m’’ as
there are dc sources ‘‘s’’ (m = 2s + 1).
2. The H-bridge series allows for flexible
modular architecture and packaging.
This will allow for a faster and more
cost-effective production procedure.
9. FAULT-TOLERANT CONTROL
• Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) techniques are used to increase machine
dependability by avoiding occurrences that cause failure due to faults.
• A fault is defined as a variation in a system’s output from its planned output,
whereas a failure is defined as a full shutdown of a system.
• An FTC’s primary function is to avoid malfunctions in important systems that
might lead to their failure. Systems utilized for essential tasks, such as unmanned
aerial vehicles, planes, and nuclear power plants, cannot tolerate failure; hence,
FTC is employed to increase the safety and dependability of such systems.
• [8] One of the most significant components of the solar system’s consistent
functioning is the inverter’s dependability.
• The advantages of a multi-level converter include reduced harmonic content in
the output voltage, lower switching loss, and lower stress, making it the optimum
choice for medium-high voltage and high power applications.
10. • The Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) unit is the most important part
of an Active Fault-Tolerant Control System (AFTCS), and it is
responsible for detecting problems in actuators and sensors.
• The FDI unit is created by creating an observer model that creates
estimated values that are utilized in the event of a component failure.
• The FDI performs controller reconfiguration after recognizing and
isolating a malfunction by employing the estimated parameter values
by the observer to adopt new circumstances.
• AFTCS has the benefit of supporting a wide range of defects and being
an online fault detection-based
11. 9 LEVEL CASCADED MLI
• The proposed 9-level cascaded MLI is designed using three cascaded
H-bridges to achieve the desired seven-level output. Each bridge
constitutes four different IGBT/MOSFET switches, and a total of three
bridges are used to complete the design model.
• Overall, twelve IGBT/MOSFETs are used as power electronic switches
to shift the converter output into seven levels.
• The complete circuit of the design model which is implemented in
MATLAB-Simulink. Meanwhile, three isolated DC batteries of 100V
each are connected with H-bridge to get a peak output level of 400V.
12. PHASE DISPOSITION SINUSOIDAL PULSE
WIDTH MODULATION
• In paper [24], a Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation (PD-PWM) technique
for a three-phase five-level NPC-MLI is proposed, which employs a
mathematically formulated harmonic mitigation algorithm to reduce the high-
frequency Weighted Total Harmonic Distortion (WTHD) content of the inverter
output voltage.
• The practical findings of a three-phase NPC-MLI prototype are quite similar to the
suggested control scheme’s theoretical calculation and simulated outcomes.
• Furthermore, a quantitative comparison analysis confirms that the suggested PD-
PWM approach has the lowest WTHD content of all the previously presented
PWM schemes under consideration, confirming the proposed work’s superiority.
• In [25], a modified rotative PD-PWM (MPD-PWM) technique was suggested to
overcome the problem of uneven power distribution. The switching losses were
overcome by injecting a common-mode voltage into the PWM modulator.
13. FAULT ANALYSIS OF AN OPEN CIRCUIT SWITCH
FOR CASCADED H-BRIDGE 9-LEVEL INVERTER
• Numerous plausible reasons are possible for the occurrence of faults
in power devices used for switching. Their main reason is due to
switches.
• The main causes of switch failure are a huge and sudden drop of load
or DC voltage source will be suddenly increased or decreased, due to
load.
• On the load side, there is a possibility of a short circuit or an open
circuit of a phase i.e. two phases or a phase to earth and a phase to
phase fault.
14. • The causes for these failures are:
• 1. Semiconductor material quality issues result in the breakdown of the
device.
• 2. The fault of a gate driving source either pulsating transformer or any
other source
• 3. Wrong triggering of gate results in undesired results.
• 4. Breakdown due to heat (thermal breakdown).
• The above reasons will, at last, take us to below 2 types of faults:
• 1. Open Circuit Fault of Switch
• 2. Short Circuit Fault of Switch [26]
15. SIMULATION CIRCUIT
• The proposed fault-tolerant control system for IGBT-based 9-level cascaded MLI has been
implemented in MATLAB and Simulink environment.
• To explain this model in a better way, it has been divided into three major parts i.e. phase
disposition-based pulse width modulation system, fault detection, and isolation system,
and power electronics-based model of 9 levels cascaded MLI.
• The model consists of individual subunits as follows:
• 1. Fault Injection Unit
• 2. Phase Disposition Unit
• 3. Fault Injection Block
• 4. Fault Detection and Isolation Unit
• 5. 9-Level CHB MLI The Fault Injection Unit (FIU) in which the control of 12 IGBT switches
has been shown.
• The switch is made by pressing the slider switch to the Fail position.
16. Simulation Results
In the Fig the PV
array Voltage and
the Current of each
panel is shown with
the Voltage of 180V
and currents of 35A
of each panel
17. 9 level Inverter Voltage with out Fault case
9 level Inverter
Voltage is 720V
18. 9 level Inverter Switching Voltage with out
Fault case
Switching Voltage
with out Fault case
21. Conclusion
• In this paper, a novel 9-level Fault-Tolerant Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (FT-CHB-MLI)
with the PV array system with the P&O MPPT method was proposed that offers high reliability
with improved power quality.
• A dedicated Fault Detection and isolation (FDI) unit was built to diagnose the faulty switch and
replace it with a standby redundant switch.
• Total harmonic distortion and the determination of a normalized output voltage factor were
employed for fault diagnosis.
• The Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation (PD-PWM) technique was utilized for switching
due to its superior performance as compared to other conventional techniques. The proposed
system was experimentally tested on the MATLAB / Simulink environment to verify its
performance.
• The simulation results demonstrated that the THD has been reduced to almost 18% with a
significant increase in reliability with advanced fault-tolerant architecture consisting of FDI units.
• The reliability analysis was carried out using Markov chains that also showed its increased
reliability.
22. REFERENCES
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• [3] N. Kumar, I. Hussain, B. Singh et al., “Single sensor-based MPPT of partially shaded PV system for battery charging by using cauchy and gaussian sine cosine optimization,” IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 983-992, Sept. 2017.
• [4] E. E. A. Zahab, A. M. Zaki, and M. M. El-Sotouhy, “Design and con‐ trol of a standalone PV water pumping system,” Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, vol. 4, no.
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• [7] A. R. Abbaspour, ‘‘Active fault-tolerant control design for nonlinear systems,’’M.S. thesis, FIU Electron., 2018, vol. 3917. [Online]. Available: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3917
• [8] Z. Ji, J. Zhao, Y. Sun, X. Yao, and Z. Zhu, ‘‘Fault-tolerant control of cascaded H-bridge converters using double zero-sequence voltage injection and DC voltage optimization,’’ J. Power
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