This document discusses a proposal for a system that can quickly recover from operating system failures without losing file caches. The system runs two operating systems simultaneously on a single machine - an active OS and a backup OS. If the active OS encounters a failure, the backup OS can take over in less than one second by migrating devices, file caches, and launching applications from the active to the backup OS. Evaluation of a prototype implementation using Linux showed the system could perform failover in under one second and minimize downtime for applications like an NFS file server during recovery from OS failures.
Testing real-time Linux. What to test and how Chirag Jog
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This paper describes testing of the real-time (CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT) Linux kernel. It explains how testing the real-time kernel is different from testing the mainline Linux kernel and provides some tips and guidelines about writing test cases for the real-time kernel. It illustrates real-time tests in the Linux Test Project (LTP) suite using examples. It also briefly covers real-time tests that are not part of LTP.
This presentation includes a detail of various real time operating systems and it focuses on Vx Works. It will also help you understand what not is a RTOS.
Testing real-time Linux. What to test and how Chirag Jog
Â
This paper describes testing of the real-time (CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT) Linux kernel. It explains how testing the real-time kernel is different from testing the mainline Linux kernel and provides some tips and guidelines about writing test cases for the real-time kernel. It illustrates real-time tests in the Linux Test Project (LTP) suite using examples. It also briefly covers real-time tests that are not part of LTP.
This presentation includes a detail of various real time operating systems and it focuses on Vx Works. It will also help you understand what not is a RTOS.
This presentation talks about Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS). Starting with fundamental concepts of OS, this presentation deep dives into Embedded, Real Time and related aspects of an OS. Appropriate examples are referred with Linux as a case-study. Ideal for a beginner to build understanding about RTOS.
HKG15-305: Real Time processing comparing the RT patch vs Core isolationLinaro
Â
HKG15-305: Real Time processing comparing the RT patch vs Core isolation
---------------------------------------------------
Speaker: Gary Robertson
Date: February 11, 2015
---------------------------------------------------
â Session Summary â
Give high level overview of the components involved in a DRM/Secure. Playback use case. Presentation discusses about how Client device obtains License Keys using W3C-EME implementation of any particular DRM like Widevine, how content is decrypted, decoded and rendered and how the buffers are allocated, secured and shared among various elements in the secure playback chain.
--------------------------------------------------
â Resources â
Pathable: https://hkg15.pathable.com/meetings/250810
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC3E9xizkoY
Etherpad: http://pad.linaro.org/p/hkg15-305
---------------------------------------------------
â Event Details â
Linaro Connect Hong Kong 2015 - #HKG15
February 9-13th, 2015
Regal Airport Hotel Hong Kong Airport
---------------------------------------------------
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
RTOS-MicroC/OS-II
It is a priority-based real-time multitasking operating system kernel for microprocessors, written mainly in the C programming language.It is intended for use in embedded systems.
Introduction to Real-Time Operating Systemscoolmirza143
Â
shared by Mansoor Mirza
Understanding Real-Time Operating Systems
Types of Real-Time Operating System
Requirements for Real-Time Operating System
Difference between General Purpose Operating System (GPOS) and Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
Conversion Linux kernel to support Real-Time operations
Patching the linux kernel
Major changes in patched kernel
Hands-on labs
Conversion of Linux kernel to support real time
Code a real time application (Audio Feedback removal)
"Controlling a laser with Linux is crazy, but everyone in this room is crazy in his own way. So if you want to use Linux to control an industrial welding laser, I have no problem with your using PREEMPT_RT." -- Linus Torvalds
This slides indicate an introduction on the definition of real time and RTOSes, then you can find information on introducing RT Linux approaches and comparing them with each other, then finally you can see a latency measurement test done by "Linutronix" in the slides
High Performance Storage Devices in the Linux KernelKernel TLV
Â
Agenda:
In this talk we will present the Linux kernel storage layers and dive into blk-mq, a scalable, parallel block layer for high performance block devices, and how it is used to unleash the performance of NVMe, flash and beyond.
Speaker:
Evgeny Budilovsky, Kernel Developer at E8 Storage
https://www.linkedin.com/company/e8-storage
This presentation talks about Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS). Starting with fundamental concepts of OS, this presentation deep dives into Embedded, Real Time and related aspects of an OS. Appropriate examples are referred with Linux as a case-study. Ideal for a beginner to build understanding about RTOS.
HKG15-305: Real Time processing comparing the RT patch vs Core isolationLinaro
Â
HKG15-305: Real Time processing comparing the RT patch vs Core isolation
---------------------------------------------------
Speaker: Gary Robertson
Date: February 11, 2015
---------------------------------------------------
â Session Summary â
Give high level overview of the components involved in a DRM/Secure. Playback use case. Presentation discusses about how Client device obtains License Keys using W3C-EME implementation of any particular DRM like Widevine, how content is decrypted, decoded and rendered and how the buffers are allocated, secured and shared among various elements in the secure playback chain.
--------------------------------------------------
â Resources â
Pathable: https://hkg15.pathable.com/meetings/250810
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC3E9xizkoY
Etherpad: http://pad.linaro.org/p/hkg15-305
---------------------------------------------------
â Event Details â
Linaro Connect Hong Kong 2015 - #HKG15
February 9-13th, 2015
Regal Airport Hotel Hong Kong Airport
---------------------------------------------------
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
RTOS-MicroC/OS-II
It is a priority-based real-time multitasking operating system kernel for microprocessors, written mainly in the C programming language.It is intended for use in embedded systems.
Introduction to Real-Time Operating Systemscoolmirza143
Â
shared by Mansoor Mirza
Understanding Real-Time Operating Systems
Types of Real-Time Operating System
Requirements for Real-Time Operating System
Difference between General Purpose Operating System (GPOS) and Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
Conversion Linux kernel to support Real-Time operations
Patching the linux kernel
Major changes in patched kernel
Hands-on labs
Conversion of Linux kernel to support real time
Code a real time application (Audio Feedback removal)
"Controlling a laser with Linux is crazy, but everyone in this room is crazy in his own way. So if you want to use Linux to control an industrial welding laser, I have no problem with your using PREEMPT_RT." -- Linus Torvalds
This slides indicate an introduction on the definition of real time and RTOSes, then you can find information on introducing RT Linux approaches and comparing them with each other, then finally you can see a latency measurement test done by "Linutronix" in the slides
High Performance Storage Devices in the Linux KernelKernel TLV
Â
Agenda:
In this talk we will present the Linux kernel storage layers and dive into blk-mq, a scalable, parallel block layer for high performance block devices, and how it is used to unleash the performance of NVMe, flash and beyond.
Speaker:
Evgeny Budilovsky, Kernel Developer at E8 Storage
https://www.linkedin.com/company/e8-storage
OS | Functions of OS | Operations of OS | Operations of a process | Scheduling algorithms | FCFS scheduling | SJF scheduling | RR scheduling | Paging | File system implementation | Cryptography as a security tool
SA_IT241_1
WHAT ARE THE DECISIOSNS ASSOCIATED WITH CPU SCHEDULING: 1. Running to Waiting State 2. Running to Ready State 3. Waiting to Ready 4. Termination
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SCHEDULING: 1. Non preemptive: the process keeps running until it has finished. 2. Preemptive: the process can be kicked from and let another process execute
WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF CONTEXT SWITCH
1. Saving the state of the old process
2. Loading the state of the new process
3. Context switch is an overhead
4. Some hardware provides multiple context switch
WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR TERMINATION OF CHILD PROCESS:
⢠High usage of resources.
⢠Task assigned to the child is not required anymore.
⢠Parent process is terminating
REASONS FOR PROCESS COOPERATION:
1. Information Sharing
2. Computation speedup
3. Modularity
WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF DIRECT COMMUNICATION LINK:
1. Established Automatically
2. Associated with one pair
3. Between each pair only one link
4. Bidirectional (may be unidirectional)
WHAT IS THE PROPERIES OF INDIRECT COMMUNICATION LINK:
1. Established only if processes share a common mailbox
2. Associated with many processes
3. Unidirectional or bidirectional
WHAT ARE THE BENFITS OF THREADING:
1. Responsiveness
2. Resource Sharing
3. Economical (cheap)
4. Scalability
WHAT ARE THE MULTICORE CHALLENGES:
1. Dividing activities
2. Balance
3. Data splitting
4. Data dependency
5. Testing and debugging
WHAT ARE THE DECISIOSNS ASSOCIATED WITH CPU SCHEDULING:
1. Running to Waiting State
2. Running to Ready State
3. Waiting to Ready
4. Termination
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SCHEDULING:
1. Non preemptive: the process keeps running until it has finished
2. Preemptive: the process can be kicked from and let another process execute
WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF SCHEDULING:
1. The OS deciding which software thread to run on the logical CPU.
2. How each core decides which hardware to run on the physical core.
WHAT ARE THE STEPS TO ENTER CRITICAL SECTIONS
1. Asking permission in entry section
2. After critical section, an Exit section is entered.
3. Remained Section
WHAT ARE THE STEPS TO ENTER CRITICAL SECTIONS
1. Asking permission in entry section
2. After critical section, an Exit section is entered.
3. Remained Section
⢠WHEN ARE THEY EQUAL?
1. compile time
2. load-time address-binding schemes.
⢠WHEN ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
1. execution-time address-binding scheme.
WHAT IS THE INFORMATION MAINTAINED BY THE OS:
1. Allocated partitions.
2. Free Partitions (holes).
WHAT ARE THE MAIN STEPS NEEDED IN PAGING?
1. Divide physical memory into frames
2. Divide logical memory into pages
3. Keep track of all free frames
4. Set up a page table to translate logical to physical addresses
Q: MENTION THE TWO METHODS TO IMPLEMENT THE VIRTUAL MEMORY?
1. Demand Paging
2. Demand Segmentation
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Â
Monitoring and observability arenât traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current companyâs observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumbleâŚ.many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
Â
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
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Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
Â
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Â
Clients donât know what they donât know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clientsâ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
Â
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
Â
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
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Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
⢠What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
⢠How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
⢠How to get started with SAP Fiori today
⢠How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
⢠How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
⢠How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
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Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges â from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
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My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Â
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bankâs data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sectorâs adoption of graph technology.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
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In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
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Faster recovery from operating system failure & file cache missing
1. Faster Recovery from Operating System
Failure and File Cache Missing
Yudai Kato, Shoichi Saito, Koichi Mouri, and Hiroshi Matsuo
Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
A. Jaleel
MS 1390 4692
3. Abstract
ďś Rebooting a computer is one method to fix OS failures. However this method
causes two problems.
a. The computer will not be available until the rebooting is finished.
b. The user data on the volatile main memory will be erased.
ďś To address these problems, we propose a system that can fix OS failures
within one second without losing file caches by replacing the OS encountering
a fatal error by another OS that is running on the same machine operating
simultaneously.
ďś One OS is dedicated to the backup of the other OS. Using the backup OS, we
can instantly conduct a failover.
4. Introduction
OS failure causes various problems, including loss of temporary data on the main
memory. In this research, we resolve these problems by making the restoration
process faster and protecting file caches from OS failure.
The main goals of Research
â˘
â˘
â˘
â˘
â˘
Making OSes robust against bugs
Constructing a high availability system in a single machine
Using a machine with minimum hardware
Quickly making failover
Minimizing overhead
For these goals,
⢠Two OSes are executed simultaneously on a single machine âActive OS &
Backup OSâ.
⢠When the active OS encounters a failure, the backup OS can take over the
active OS by migrating the devices and file cashes from the active OS to itself.
⢠the proposed system, which does not need special hardware to perform this.
5. PROPOSAL
A. Outline
The amount of time for the failover of crashed OSes is the total suspension time
until the administrator detects the failure and restarts the OSes. To reduce the
computer downtime, we automatically detect OS failures and start a quick
failover instead of restarting the computer.
This proposed system provides a method to check the health of an OS kernel. If
the kernel is defunct, we simply conduct a failover
The backup OS can quickly take over functions of the active OS when it fails to
operate properly. This shortens the failover time more than rebooting. Therefore
we can reduce the downtime caused by OS failure.
B. Behavior
During failover, we migrate devices and file caches and launch applications.
7. A. Multiple-OS execution platform
ď For such simultaneously running of the active and backup OSes, we use Logical
PARtition (LPAR), which is a virtualization technique that emulates multiple
machines on a physical machine.
ď Each OS is booted on a partition specified by kernel parameters that are given
by a bootloader.
B. Alive monitoring
How to confirm whether the active OS is dead or alive???
1. The crashed OS itself realizes the fault. So, active OS can send a dying message
to the backup OS.
2. the OS cannot realize the fault. this is caused by serious bugs, immediately
stops the OSes after they encounter the bugs .here, we use heartbeat messages at
regular intervals.
C. Device migration
The device migration mechanism is intended for migrating configuration files,
the libraries, the IP addresses and the function of the devices from the active
to the backup OS.
8. D. File cache migration
we can migrate the file cache that remains on the volatile main memory from
the active to the backup OS. As a result, the file cache can be written properly
to the storage device.
The steps performed during migration.
⢠The backup OS obtains the data structures related to the file caches from the
memory region of the active OS.
⢠It reconstructs file caches from the data structures.
⢠It writes the file caches to the storage.
APPLICATION
The proposed system enhances the availability of a operating system on a
machine using an example of an application to a Network File System (NFS)
server.
NFS is a kind of server-client application for sharing files and this exports its
local directory to the network. Since itâs a stateless application, the NFS server
can handle client requests even if the server is rebooted after a sudden
interruption.
9. we create an NFS server process on both the active and the backup OS. A NFS
client is running on a remote machine and communicating with the NFS server on
the active OS through the network. The NFS server on the active OS exports a
directory /export, which is a partition on the storage device. When the active OS
crashed because of bugs, alive monitoring detects it, and the backup OS starts the
failover to restore the NFS server.
First, the backup OS migrates the storage device and the NIC from the active OS to
it. The storage device contains the partition for the NFS server. Then the backup
OS mounts the partition on the same directory /export. After that, the backup OS
migrates the dirty file cache that remains on the volatile main memory to it.
Next, attaching the same IP address to the NIC used by the active OS, the backup
OS can communicate with remote NFS clients. In this stage, the backup OS
transparently finishes the failover for the client.
After that, the server begins processing the suspended operations, which are
successfully processed for the client because the previous operations are never
lost. Hence, our proposed system can protect files even if the OS crashed when the
file was being written by the NFS clients. In this way, we migrate environments
from the active to the backup OS, which transparently takes over for the crashed
OS to the NFS clients.
10. IMPLEMENTATION
Linux (2.6.38, processor type x86 64). Both the active and backup OSes use this
kernel.
A. Implementation of multiple-OS execution platform
For creating a LPAR partition that represents a virtual machine, every OS on the
machine must exclusively access the hardware of its partition. First, the OS is
booted from the normal bootloader, and subsequent OSes are booted by a special
bootloader based on kexec.
B. Failover
The failover of the proposed system is composed of device and file cache
migrations. First, we conduct device migration. In the normal state, both OSes
exclusively access their devices by detaching otherâs devices without initializing
them.
11. C. Implementation of alive monitoring
Inter Processor Interrupt (IPI) Application is used which a core can communicate
with other cores through the processorâs interrupt controller. for detecting the
failure of the active OS. Both messages are sent by IPI.
After receiving this message, the backup OS notices the death of the active OS and
immediately starts failover.
The active OS sends heartbeat messages at regular intervals using interval timers. If
any message cannot be received for several seconds, the backup OS assumes that
the active OS is dead. With these two methods, alive monitoring detects the failure
of the active OS.
12. EVALUATION
we measure the time required to perform failover.
For the measurement, for simplicity, we deliberately crashed the active OS and
measured the length of the failover & the backup OS immediately detected the
failure of the active OS by receiving a dying message from the active OS. While the
backup OS was taking over the active OS, the backup OS performed the following:
1. Device migration
2. Mounting storage
3. File cache migration
4. Assignment of IP addresses to the NIC.
13. 1. Device migration
2. Mounting storage
3. File cache migration
4. Assignment of IP addresses
to the NIC.
⢠Measured the amount of time for (3) with several different amounts of caches. The
times for (1)(2)(4) did not differ by conditions, thus the total time for (1)-(4) was
measured instead of measuring them individually. The measurement results of the
amount of time for cache migration are shown in Fig. 2.
⢠About 90 MBytes of the file cache can be migrated within 70 milliseconds.
After that, we measured the time for (1)-(4). The results were from 560 to 650
milliseconds. The margin of 90 milliseconds reflects the amount of time for file-cache
migration. Our proposed system can finish a failover process within one second.
14. â˘
Measured the amount of downtime for the network and the NFS on the proposed system using
a remote machine connected to a switching hub to which our proposed system was also
connected. We measured the time (a)(b)(c) shown in Fig. 3. First, we measured the network
downtime. The echo requests were sent continuously using Internet control message protocol
(ICMP) before the active OS crashed.
â˘
Measured the downtime using the amount of time between (a) the beginning of the first echo
request that failed to come back and (b) the time of the echo request that first came back
after the failover. The result was about 3.1 seconds, which is slightly longer than the one
second of the failover.
15. The start time of the suspended operation was the same as (b), and its end is
denoted by (c). The results ranged from about 3 to 13 seconds. They were much
longer than the network downtime.
We conducted the same measure using a UDP protocol, and the time was about 3
milliseconds. Therefore, if NFS uses a UDP protocol, it can communicate
immediately after the network comes back.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, we proposed a system with a failover mechanism for operating
systems. Our proposed systemâs failover takes less than one second. The user data
in the file cache are never lost because they are migrated by a file cache
migration mechanism.
our proposed system can resolve problems caused by rebooting after OS failure. It
runs on commodity x86 machines and needs no modifications for applications.
During normal times, since there is no special processing except for heartbeat
messages, our proposed system is lightweight. Future work will randomly insert
bugs into kernels to measure the durability of our proposed system.
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Rebooting. Within 1 second.by replace one os.on same machine.Backup.failover
Restore faster. Protect file cache.
Backup takeover function of active
0718433029 upali
See in implementation
Since NFS is a stateless application, the NFS server can handle client requests even if the server is rebooted after a sudden interruption. we create an NFS server process on both the active and the backup OS. A NFS client is running on a remote machine and communicating with the NFS server on the active OS through the network. The NFS server on the active OS exports a directory /export, which is a partition on the storage device. When the active OS crashed because of bugs, alive monitoring detects it, and the backup OS starts the failover to restore the NFS server. Â First, the backup OS migrates the storage device and the NIC from the active OS to it. The storage device contains the partition for the NFS server. Then the backup OS mounts the partition on the same directory /export. After that, the backup OS migrates the dirty file cache that remains on the volatile main memory to it. Â Next, attaching the same IP address to the NIC used by the active OS, the backup OS can communicate with remote NFS clients. In this stage, the backup OS transparently finishes the failover for the client. After that, the server begins processing the suspended operations, which are successfully processed for the client because the previous operations are never lost. Hence, our proposed system can protect files even if the OS crashed when the file was being written by the NFS clients. In this way, we migrate environments from the active to the backup OS, which transparently takes over for the crashed OS to the NFS clients.