The document introduces prime factor trees as a method to discover the prime factors of any number. It uses the number 36 as an example, first breaking it into factors of 9 and 4, then further factoring those numbers into their prime factors of 2 and 3. The process is repeated for 36 broken into 3 and 12 to arrive at the same prime factor result. In the end, composite numbers are explained as made up of factors, with the goal of a prime factor tree being to reduce each factor to its lowest possible prime factors.

1. Prime Factor Tree Discovering Prime Factors of Any Number

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