Motivated students use more language learning strategies than less motivated students and are more creative. Female students tend to use more language learning strategies than males and most likely use metacognitive strategies, though specific studies on gender differences are limited. Different ages use different strategies, with adult students being more advanced in strategy use than children, though some studies suggest children can achieve high language proficiency. Cultural background and education system influence strategy use, as some prefer talking more due to their community upbringing. Learners' proficiency level also impacts strategy use, with high proficiency using the greatest variety, intermediate focusing on metacognitive strategies, and low proficiency relying on communication strategies.