The document discusses the concepts of growth and development, defining growth as a quantitative change in size and development as qualitative maturation related to functional capacities. It highlights various factors affecting growth and development, including genetic, prenatal, and post-natal influences, such as maternal health and environment. Overall, it emphasizes the interplay between biological and environmental factors throughout an individual's life.

1. PSYCHOLOGY OF
DEVELOPMENT &
LEARNING
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
Ambuj Kushwaha
M.Ed sem 1
A.Y.J.N.I.S.H.D.(D)

2. WHAT IS GROWTH
• GROWTH IS THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL
MATURATION RESULTING IN AN
INCREASE IN SIZE OF THE BODY AND
VARIOUS ORGANS. IT OCCURS BY
MULTIPLICATION OF CELLS AND
INCREASE IN THE INTRACELLULAR
SUBSTANCES. IT IS A QUANTITATIVE
CHANGE IN THE BODY.

3. DEFINITION OF GROWTH
• “GROWTH IS CHANGE IN SIZE, IN
PROPORTION, DISAPPEARANCE OF OLD
FEATURES AND ACQUISITION OF NEW
ONCE.”
HURLOCK (1959)

4. CONT’D
• “GROWTH REFERS TO STRUCTURAL
AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES.”
CROW AND CROW (1962)

5. MEANING OF DEVELOPMENT
• DEVELOPMENT IS THE PROCESS OF FUNCTIONAL
AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURATION OF THE
INDIVIDUAL. IT IS A PROGRESSIVE INCREASE IN
SKILL AND CAPACITY FOR PROPER
FUNCTIONING .IT IS RELATED TO MATURATION
AND MYELINATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
.IT INCLUDES PSYCHOLOGICAL, EMOTIONAL,
AND SOCIAL CHANGES . IT IS QUALITATIVE IN
NATURE.

6. CONT’D
• “DEVELOPMENT IS CONCERNED WITH GROWTH AS WELL AS THOSE CHANGES
IN BEHAVIOUR WHICH RESULTS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION.”
HURLOCK [1959 ]
• “DEVELOPMENT IS CONCERNED WITH GROWTH AS WELL AS THOSE CHANGES
IN BEHAVIOUR WHICH RESULTS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION.”
J. E. ANDERSON [1950]

7. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT
GENETIC FACTORS
PRENATAL FACTORS
POST-NATAL FACTORS

8. GENETIC FACTORS –
• GENETIC PREDISPOSITION IS AN IMPORTANT
FACTOR WHICH INFLUENCES THE GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENT OF EVERYONE, FROM
BIRTH TO DEATH.
 GENDER DIFFERENCES W.R.T G&D
 RACE AND NATIONALITY
 GENE BANK

9. PRE-NATAL FACTORS –
• MATERNAL MALNUTRITION (IRON (FE),
CALCIUM (CA), PROTEIN DEFICIENCY)
• MATERNAL INFECTION (TORCH, HIV- AIDS, STDS
ETC.)
• MATERNAL SUBSTANCE ABUSE (LEAD (PB),
ARSENIC (AS), ETC.)
• MATERNAL ILLNESS AND EMOTIONAL STATE
(DEPRESSION, TRAUMA, JAUNDICE, ETC.)
• HORMONES
• MISCELLANEOUS
Intra uterine environment is an important for child’s growth and development
in the womb. Various conditions influence the foetal growth in uterus

10. POST-NATAL FACTORS –
 GROWTH POTENTIAL
 NUTRITION
 CHILDHOOD ILLNESS
 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
 PSYCHOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
 CULTURAL INFLUENCE
 SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS
 CLIMATE AND SEASON
 PLAY AND EXERCISE
 BIRTH ORDER OF THE CHILD
 INTELLIGENCE
 HORMONAL INFLUENCE