The document discusses several factors that affect child development, including parenting styles, media influences, peer influences, and physical activity. It describes different parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, neglectful) and their effects. Studies discussed found that violent media can increase aggressive behavior in children, while educational media like Sesame Street can improve behaviors. Peer influence can be positive by increasing feelings of acceptance, but negative peers may promote poor behavior and decrease school value. Physical activity is also impacted by mimicking peers. Overall, peer groups are important for development if a range of friends are socialized with.

1. Factors
Affecting
Development
Delivered by:
Gutierrez, Art Robert D.

2. Parenting Media Influences
Media and Violence

3. A 2003 study completed by
Missouri Western State
University showed that
children do become more
violent after watching a
violent program.

4. . The study followed children
between the ages of 5 and 12.
Their initial behavior was
recorded.
The children were then shown a
"Tom and Jerry" cartoon clip. The
behavior after the cartoon was
also recorded

5. Authoritative Parenting
parent is demanding and responsive.
encourage children to be
independent but still place controls
and limits on their actions.
parents will set clear standards for their
children, monitor the limits that they
set, and also allow children to develop
autonomy.

6. Punishments for misbehavior
are measured and consistent,
not arbitrary or violent.
when punishing a child, the
parent will explain his or her
motive for their punishment.

7. Authoritarian Parenting
parent is demanding but not
responsive
high expectations of conformity
and compliance to parental rules
and directions
expect much of their child, but
generally do not explain the
reasoning for the rules or
boundaries

8. less responsive to their
child’s needs, and are more
likely to ground their child
rather than discuss the
problem
obedience without
explanation

9. Indulgent Parenting
parent is responsive but not
demanding.
parents are very involved
with their children but place
few demands or controls on
them.

10. In a study completed by
Princeton University,
researchers found that
children aged 2 and older
learned from a wide range
of media, including
television, computer and
Internet

11. Parents are nurturing and
accepting, and are very
responsive to the child's needs
and wishes
do not require children to
regulate themselves or behave
appropriately.

12. Neglectful Parenting
 parent is neither demanding nor
responsive.
 low in warmth and control, are generally
not involved in their child's life, are
disengaged, undemanding, low in
responsiveness, and do not set limits.
 unsupportive of their children, but will still
provide their basic needs

13. Media and Education
Parents can take comfort in
knowing that just as
children can learn negative
behavior from television,
they can also learn positive
skills

14. For example, a group of
preschoolers was shown episodes of
“Sesame Street.” Their behavior was
tracked both before and after
watching the program. The children
showed greater persistence in
working on tasks, were more apt to
follow rules and had greater
patience for waiting than they did
before watching the program. This
change continued for two weeks

15. Media and Healthy Behavior
The time spent watching
television or playing video
games is time away from
active play.

16. The Harvard study found that
high use of media in children
leads to obesity. In addition,
watching programs and
movies can lead many young
people to have a distorted
view of beauty and health

17. Parent’s Roles in Media
The Children’s Hospital of
Boston suggests that
parents remember the five
Cs of media

18. First, parents must control
the amount of time children
spend on media. Children
should be limited to one to
two hours a day total

19. Second, parents must
understand that content
matters. What children watch is
as important as how much
children watch. Choose
programs that model behavior
you value in your community

20. Third, parents must understand
the context in which children use
media. Sitting down and
watching a show passively with
friends has a very different
impact than playing a first-person
shooter video game
alone.

21. Fourth, parents must teach the
children to think critically about
what they watch. This means
that parents must watch with
the children. Ask question such
as “How do you think that
character feels?” or “What
would you do in this situation?”

22. Finally, parents must teach
children to create a sense of
media mastery. This means that
children and their parents must
feel that they are in charge of
the media in their lives. Media is
not in control of the family

23. Peer influence on development in
early childhood

24. Positive peer influence
Children feel a need to be
accepted and recognized by peers
discovering peer acceptance
influences feelings of security,
perception of importance and
independent decision-making

25. Negative peer influence
 A negative peer group can lead to poor
behavior being perceived as acceptable
 a significant effect of negative peer
orientation on the relationship between
peers' positive academic influence and the
value of school. Negative peer orientation
was also a significant moderator of the
relationship between peers' delinquent
influence and the value of school.

26. Physical Activity
Peer influence contains a large
element of mimicking and
performing similar behavior. For
this reason, peer influence can
cause a change in specific
lifestyle factors such as physical
activity

27. Benefits
 Peer groups play an important role in
child development and should not be
avoided for fear of negative influence.
Socializing with a range of friends is
important for the development and
independence of a child. Peer
acceptance plays an important role in
the growing process.