In Macroeconomics Income and Employment are interchangeable terms, since in the short-run National income depends on the total volume of employment or economic activity in the country. As income and employment are synonymous the employment theory is also called income theory.
It should be clear to readers that the classical economists did not formulate any specific theory of employment as such. They only laid down certain postulates which subsequently developed as a theory.
This theory relies on the market behaviour of the consumer to know about his preferences with regard to the various combinations for the two reactions and responses of the consumer.
Neo classical general equilibrium theory which is based on Walrasian theory of general equilibrium 2*2*2 model and Marshallian graphical representation
Liquidity Preference Theory suggests that investors demand higher interest rates or additional premiums for medium or long-term maturities and investments. Simply put, interest rates directly indicate the price of the money.
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/liquidity-preference-theory
In Macroeconomics Income and Employment are interchangeable terms, since in the short-run National income depends on the total volume of employment or economic activity in the country. As income and employment are synonymous the employment theory is also called income theory.
It should be clear to readers that the classical economists did not formulate any specific theory of employment as such. They only laid down certain postulates which subsequently developed as a theory.
This theory relies on the market behaviour of the consumer to know about his preferences with regard to the various combinations for the two reactions and responses of the consumer.
Neo classical general equilibrium theory which is based on Walrasian theory of general equilibrium 2*2*2 model and Marshallian graphical representation
Liquidity Preference Theory suggests that investors demand higher interest rates or additional premiums for medium or long-term maturities and investments. Simply put, interest rates directly indicate the price of the money.
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/liquidity-preference-theory
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Optimizing Returns with Minimal Risk
Factor pricing Theory.pdf
1. Factor pricing
Dr. Ruchi Jain
Associate Professor
Department of Financial Studies
IIS(deemed to Be University),Jaipur(Rajasthan)
2. Meaning
• Also called Theory of Distribution.
Distribution
Functional
Remunerationpaidto
variousfactors of
Productionin an act of
production.
The factors of Productionviz.
Land---Rent
Labour---Wages
Capital---Interest
Entrepreneur--Profit
Personal
Distributionof National
income among various
factors of productionwhich
is inequallydistributed.
Theory of factorPricing
3. Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution
• Also called the General Theory of Distribution.
• It determines the reward for various factors of
production.
• The theory has been developed by Jevens,
Wicksteed, Marshall,Walras, Mrs. Joan Robinson,
J.R.Hicks.
4. Explanation
• According to MP theory of distribution the price of a
factor of production depends upon its productivity
and it is determined by its marginal productivity.
• The price/remuneration offactor= Marginal
Productivity(perfect competition).
Long
period
•The price/remunerationof factor= Marginal Productivity
•The price/remunerationof factor> Marginal Productivity
•The price/remunerationof factor< Marginal Productivity
Short
period
MarginalProduct is also calledMarginalPhysicalProduct(MPP):
It is an addition to the Total Product(TP) or Total Physicalproduct(TPP)by
employing an additional unit of factorof productionkeeping other factorsof
productionconstant
5. Firm wants to maximize its profit---itis possible only when
when marginal Productivity high Price paid is less
Price of factor α productivity of factor
Higher productivity--- Higher Price Lower productivity-- Lower Price
An individual firm demands for a factor according to its productivity.
The demand for various factorsof productionis derived demand.
6. • The profit will be earned when marginal productivity
of factor is equal to its marginal cost.
Price of Factor<Marginal
Productivity
Firm will earn more proift, will
employ more units of factor
Law of diminishing return will
apply
Reward=marginal productivity
Price of Factor>Marginal
Productivity
Firm will incur losses, will
employ less units of factor
Will continue to employ less
till
Reward=marginal productivity
Reward for a factor
should be given
accordingto its
marginal productivity
MP f= MC f
7. Acc to MP theory theshare
of eachfactorof production
from NI = MP
In the position of
equilibrium the MP of a
factorin all uses will be
equal and the rewardwill
be same.
If it does not happen then
factor will move to those
uses where they will get the
higher remuneration
The productivity of factors
will increase where the low
rewardis paid
Then the situation will
emergewhere themarginal
productivity of factors of
production in all the uses or
industries will be equalised
The rewardwill be equal to
their marginalproductivity.
The law of substitution will
operate and according
cheaperinputs will be used
in the place of dearer
inputs.
The process of substitution
will stop till the prices of
inputs are equalised to
their marginal
productivities
Thus, Each factorof
production will be
remuneratedequivalent to
its Marginalproductivity.
8. Conditions for Equilibrium
The Marginal productivity of any factor is
equal in all the uses or Industries.
Each factor of production should have equal
marginal productivity of other factors of
production in an industry.
The remuneration of a factor of production =
its marginal productivity and during long
period it will be = its average productivity.
9. Components of Marginal Productivity
• Marginal productivityis an addition to total productivityby
employing an additional unit of a variable input keeping the
other factors of production fixed.
Marginal
Productivity
Marginal Physical
Productivity
(MPP)
MarginalRevenue
productivity(MRP)
Value of Marginal
Physical
productivity(VMP)
10. Marginal Physical Productivity(MPP)
When the additional unit of factorof productionis increased keeping other factorsof
productionconstantthe addition in Total Physical Productis called MarginalPhysical
Product(MPP).
The MPP changesaccordingto the operation of law of variable proportions.
In the beginning MPP increases and reaches at its maximum and thereafter it
decreases with increase in the units of variable input. The shape is inverted U.
MPP=
∆ 𝑇𝑃𝑃
∆ 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
11. Marginal Revenue Productivity(MRP)
The marginal Revenue Productivity of a factor is the price of
output which is sold in the market by employing an additional
unit of a factor keeping other factors of production is
constant.
MRP= MPP x MR
Where MRP= marginal revenue productivity
MPP= marginal Physical Productivity
MR= Marginal Revenue
Under perfect competition there is single price of the factor
of production and output. Hence , the MRP can be calculated:
MRP= MPP x P
12. Value of Marginal Physical Productivity (VMP)
• The value of MPP multiplied by the price of a
commodity can be calculated as given under;
VMP= MPP x Price or AR
Where VMP= Value of Marginal Physical Productivity
MPP= Marginal Physical Productivity
AR= Average Revenue
15. Average Revenue Productivity(ARP)
• It is calculated on the basis of total revenue
productivity and the number of units of a
variable input dividing the TRP by the number
of units of a variable input as given below:
• ARP=
𝑇𝑅𝑃
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
16. Marginal Factor Cost (MFC)
• When a factor of production is given remuneration it is
income from the point of view of input but it is a cost of
production from the point of producer.
• Under perfect competition the price of a factor of production
will remain the same whether one unit is employed.
17. Assumptions of the Theory
All the units of an Input are Homogenous
Perfect Mobility of Factors of Production
Perfect Competitionin Factor Market and
Commodity Market
Proportion of Inputs is Variable
Full Employment
Long Run Theory
Marginal Productivityis Measurable
Maximisationof Profit
Operation of Law of Diminishing Returns
18. Criticism of the theory
All units of a Factor are Not Homogenous.
Perfect competition is unrealistic
Unrealistic Assumption of Full Employment
Marginal Productivity is Not measurable.
Imperfect Mobility of Factors of Production
Maximisation of profit is Not the sole object
One sided theory
Long run explanation
Not applicable to entrepreneur
Neglects Technological Progress
No Explanation of Inequalities of Income