The document describes the anatomy of the face. It notes that the face extends from the lower border of the mandible to the hairline, including the forehead. The face has three layers - skin, superficial fascia, and deep fascia which is absent in most areas to allow for facial expression. Numerous muscles of the face are described including the forehead, nose, and lip muscles. The nerve and blood supply of the face are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the face, including its boundaries, layers, bones, muscles, nerves, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage. The facial skeleton consists of 14 bones that form the basic shape of the face and provide attachments for facial muscles. These muscles are divided into groups that control expressions and movements of the eyes, mouth, nose, ears, and neck. The face has a rich blood supply from the facial artery and veins. Sensation is provided by the trigeminal nerve and motor function by the facial nerve, which innervates most facial muscles.
The face is made up of skin, superficial fascia containing facial muscles and vessels/nerves, and muscles. The facial muscles originate from the 2nd branchial arch and are grouped into those of the scalp, auricle, eyelids, nose, mouth, and neck. The facial nerve innervates all muscles except the platysma, which is innervated by the cervical nerve. Arterial blood supply comes from the facial, transverse facial, and muscular arteries while venous drainage involves connections to the pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus. Lymphatic drainage involves three main territories.
The document discusses the muscles of facial expression, including their classification, attachments, nerve supply, and actions. It covers key muscles like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris, which close the eyelids and lips, respectively. It also mentions clinically important topics like testing of the facial nerve (CN VII) and the potential to create dimples artificially by modifying the zygomaticus major muscle.
The document discusses the muscles of facial expression (mimetic muscles) that are innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). It describes the various muscle groups - orbicular, nasal, oral and others. It details each individual muscle, their origin, insertion and function. The document also discusses applied anatomy concepts like Bell's palsy, Parkinson's disease, Ramsay Hunt syndrome and others where these facial muscles are involved. It provides clinical features and diagnostic evaluation for certain conditions. Overall, the document is a detailed overview of the facial expression muscles, their function and involvement in various clinical scenarios.
The document discusses the anatomy of the face, including the muscles of facial expression and their functions. It describes the six groups of facial muscles and their actions, as well as the common facial expressions produced by certain muscle combinations. It also summarizes the cutaneous and motor innervation of the face, focusing on the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and facial nerve (CN VII) as the main sources of sensory and motor innervation, respectively. Clinical implications of injuries to these nerves are mentioned.
This document provides an overview of the muscles of the face. It begins with an introduction and outlines the various groupings of facial muscles, including topographic and functional groupings. It then describes each individual muscle in detail, covering origins, insertions, blood supply, nerve supply, and actions. Examples are given of how facial muscles contribute to different expressions. Clinical applications including facial paralysis and use of botulinum toxin injections are discussed. The document concludes with a brief section on skin tension lines and wrinkles.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the face, including its boundaries, layers, bones, muscles, nerves, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage. The facial skeleton consists of 14 bones that form the basic shape of the face and provide attachments for facial muscles. These muscles are divided into groups that control expressions and movements of the eyes, mouth, nose, ears, and neck. The face has a rich blood supply from the facial artery and veins. Sensation is provided by the trigeminal nerve and motor function by the facial nerve, which innervates most facial muscles.
The face is made up of skin, superficial fascia containing facial muscles and vessels/nerves, and muscles. The facial muscles originate from the 2nd branchial arch and are grouped into those of the scalp, auricle, eyelids, nose, mouth, and neck. The facial nerve innervates all muscles except the platysma, which is innervated by the cervical nerve. Arterial blood supply comes from the facial, transverse facial, and muscular arteries while venous drainage involves connections to the pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus. Lymphatic drainage involves three main territories.
The document discusses the muscles of facial expression, including their classification, attachments, nerve supply, and actions. It covers key muscles like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris, which close the eyelids and lips, respectively. It also mentions clinically important topics like testing of the facial nerve (CN VII) and the potential to create dimples artificially by modifying the zygomaticus major muscle.
The document discusses the muscles of facial expression (mimetic muscles) that are innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). It describes the various muscle groups - orbicular, nasal, oral and others. It details each individual muscle, their origin, insertion and function. The document also discusses applied anatomy concepts like Bell's palsy, Parkinson's disease, Ramsay Hunt syndrome and others where these facial muscles are involved. It provides clinical features and diagnostic evaluation for certain conditions. Overall, the document is a detailed overview of the facial expression muscles, their function and involvement in various clinical scenarios.
The document discusses the anatomy of the face, including the muscles of facial expression and their functions. It describes the six groups of facial muscles and their actions, as well as the common facial expressions produced by certain muscle combinations. It also summarizes the cutaneous and motor innervation of the face, focusing on the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and facial nerve (CN VII) as the main sources of sensory and motor innervation, respectively. Clinical implications of injuries to these nerves are mentioned.
This document provides an overview of the muscles of the face. It begins with an introduction and outlines the various groupings of facial muscles, including topographic and functional groupings. It then describes each individual muscle in detail, covering origins, insertions, blood supply, nerve supply, and actions. Examples are given of how facial muscles contribute to different expressions. Clinical applications including facial paralysis and use of botulinum toxin injections are discussed. The document concludes with a brief section on skin tension lines and wrinkles.
This document summarizes the anatomy of the face, including:
- The skin of the face is thick, elastic and highly vascular. It allows for rapid spread of edema.
- The facial skeleton contains 14 bones including the mandible, maxilla, nasal and zygomatic bones.
- Facial muscles originate from the mesoderm and function to open and close the 3 main orifices of the face. They include muscles of the nose, mouth and around the orbit.
The document discusses the muscles of facial expression in humans. It begins by introducing the embryological origin and functions of these muscles. It then groups the muscles topographically and describes each muscle in detail, including their origin, insertion, and action. It lists the expressions involved and the muscles responsible for each. Finally, it covers the innervation, blood supply, and some applied anatomy concepts related to the facial muscles.
The document summarizes the mimetic muscles of the face, which are also called the facial expression muscles. It describes the various muscle groups - the orbicular group, nasal group, oral group, and others. It provides details on individual muscles like the orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, zygomaticus major, and platysma. It also discusses the nerve supply of these muscles from the facial nerve and its branches.
This document provides information on the muscles of facial expression. It begins with an introduction to the facial musculature and its development. It then categorizes the muscles topographically and provides detailed anatomy of each muscle, including origin, insertion, vascular supply, innervation and action. Examples of facial expressions resulting from different muscle activations are summarized. Finally, some applied aspects are discussed, such as the modiolus and conditions affecting facial muscles like Myasthenia Gravis and Bell's Palsy.
This document discusses the muscles of facial expression. It begins by introducing the importance of understanding these muscles for prosthodontists to restore natural facial functions. It then classifies the muscles into those of the scalp, eyelid, nose, mouth and ear. For each group, the document identifies the individual muscles and provides details on their origin, insertion and action. The overall purpose is to describe the anatomy of facial muscles for prosthodontic applications.
This document discusses muscles of the head and neck region. It begins with an introduction and overview of embryology, anatomy, physiology and methods to study muscles. It then describes the three "M"s that muscles can impact: muscle, malformation and malocclusion. Several key muscle groups are defined including their origins, insertions, nerve supply and actions. The role of muscles in facial expression and malocclusions is explored. The document concludes that balancing structural changes from orthodontic therapy with functional muscle forces is important.
This document discusses the anatomy of the face, including boundaries, skin layers, fascia, muscles, nerves, arteries, veins, and lymphatic drainage. It describes key facial muscles like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris. The motor innervation of the face is outlined, with the facial nerve supplying muscles. The arterial blood supply is dominated by the facial artery. Applied anatomy concepts like Bell's palsy and trigeminal neuralgia are also briefly mentioned.
The document discusses the muscles of facial expression, describing their origins, insertions, actions, and nerve supply. It classifies the muscles into groups including the occipitofrontalis, orbital, nasal, auricular, oral, and platysma groups. Within each group it describes individual muscles like the orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, zygomaticus major, and mentalis. The document aims to provide details of facial muscle anatomy for prosthodontic treatment and preservation of facial expression.
This document summarizes the muscles of facial expression. It describes the 17 muscles innervated by the facial nerve, including their origins, insertions, actions, and roles in facial expressions like smiling and frowning. It also discusses the cutaneous innervation and damage to upper and lower motor neurons can cause facial paralysis on one side of the face. A lesion of the facial nerve causes complete paralysis of all muscles on the affected side of the face.
The document discusses the anatomy of the muscles of facial expression and related structures. It can be summarized as follows:
1. The muscles of facial expression arise from the second branchial arch and are innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII). They allow for facial movements and expressions.
2. The main muscles involved include the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, nasalis, orbicularis oris, and zygomaticus major and minor.
3. The facial artery and veins course through the face, supplying and draining the muscles and overlying skin. The arteries anastomose to provide redundant blood flow.
4. The facial
Scalpface scalp to face muscles and nerve supply mehermoinkhan
This document discusses the anatomy of the face. It covers the boundaries of the face and key facts about facial skin and wound healing. It then describes the muscles of facial expression, including the orbital, nasal, oral and other minor muscle groups. These muscles are innervated by the facial nerve. The document outlines the sensory and motor innervation of the face by branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves respectively. Finally, it provides examples of clinical conditions that involve the facial nerves, such as Bell's palsy where paralysis of the facial nerve causes an inability to close the eye or smile on the affected side.
This document discusses the muscles of facial expression. It begins with an introduction on the embryological development and classification of these muscles. It then describes each muscle in detail, including origin, insertion, innervation, artery, and action. The major muscles described include the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris, which close the eyelids and purse the lips, as well as the buccinator and platysma, which assist with facial movements and expressions. The document concludes with references used.
Neurovascular topography of the face and neckEric Jewell
Anatomy presentation on the neurovascular topography of the face and neck. DOWNLOAD TO SEE THE COMMENTS. The slides are very basic - most of the info is contained in the comments which I read during the presentation.
The occipitofrontalis muscle consists of four bellies that arise from the occipital bone and eyebrow and connect via an aponeurosis. The facial muscles are arranged in groups around the eye, nose, and mouth and produce facial expressions by pulling on the skin. The buccinator muscle compresses the cheeks and lips against the teeth to prevent food accumulation in the mouth.
The document discusses the anatomy of the face, including muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and lymph nodes. It describes several key facial muscles like the orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, and buccinator. It outlines the nerve supply to the face from branches of the trigeminal, facial, and cervical plexus nerves. Major arteries like the facial and superficial temporal arteries are identified as blood suppliers. Lymph from the face drains to submental, submandibular, and superficial parotid lymph nodes.
Muscles of facial expression and muscles of tongueKomal Ghiya
Hi, I am Dr Komal Ghiya, a pediatric dentist by profession and I am here to upload some of my own presentations regarding dentistry for educational purposed for all the dental students, both undergraduates and postgraduates as well as dentists. I hope you like the presentation. All the best!
This document provides an overview of the muscles of facial expression. It begins by explaining that facial expressions are produced by motions of facial muscles and convey emotional states. It then classifies the facial muscles into six groups: scalp muscles, ear muscles, eyelid muscles, nose muscles, mouth muscles, and neck muscles. For each muscle, it describes the origin, insertion, innervation, blood supply, and function. The document provides a detailed anatomical description of selected important facial muscles.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the face, including:
1. The boundaries and skin of the face, which is very vascular and contains sebaceous glands and sweat glands.
2. The superficial fascia of the face contains the muscles of facial expression and fat.
3. The muscles of facial expression are divided into groups that control the scalp, eyelids, nose, mouth, and neck. These muscles are innervated by the facial nerve.
4. The arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerves that supply the structures of the face.
The document discusses the muscles of the scalp and face. It describes the occipitofrontalis muscle of the scalp and its origin and insertion. It then explains that the facial muscles are subcutaneous and attach to bone or fascia to pull the skin and change facial expressions. It lists and describes the specific muscles of the forehead, mouth, lips, cheeks, around the eyes, nose, and ear. It concludes by mentioning facial nerve palsy.
The human face is a fascinating study of physiology and psychology. Face is the mirror of one’s personality. It is our most useful and most underestimated tool for communication.
Face is the most beautiful and attractive part of the body which is most likely to develop malformations. So, the knowledge of normal anatomy of face will aid in understanding the potential reasons for preventing or treating of anomalies.
This document summarizes the anatomy of the face, including:
- The skin of the face is thick, elastic and highly vascular. It allows for rapid spread of edema.
- The facial skeleton contains 14 bones including the mandible, maxilla, nasal and zygomatic bones.
- Facial muscles originate from the mesoderm and function to open and close the 3 main orifices of the face. They include muscles of the nose, mouth and around the orbit.
The document discusses the muscles of facial expression in humans. It begins by introducing the embryological origin and functions of these muscles. It then groups the muscles topographically and describes each muscle in detail, including their origin, insertion, and action. It lists the expressions involved and the muscles responsible for each. Finally, it covers the innervation, blood supply, and some applied anatomy concepts related to the facial muscles.
The document summarizes the mimetic muscles of the face, which are also called the facial expression muscles. It describes the various muscle groups - the orbicular group, nasal group, oral group, and others. It provides details on individual muscles like the orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, zygomaticus major, and platysma. It also discusses the nerve supply of these muscles from the facial nerve and its branches.
This document provides information on the muscles of facial expression. It begins with an introduction to the facial musculature and its development. It then categorizes the muscles topographically and provides detailed anatomy of each muscle, including origin, insertion, vascular supply, innervation and action. Examples of facial expressions resulting from different muscle activations are summarized. Finally, some applied aspects are discussed, such as the modiolus and conditions affecting facial muscles like Myasthenia Gravis and Bell's Palsy.
This document discusses the muscles of facial expression. It begins by introducing the importance of understanding these muscles for prosthodontists to restore natural facial functions. It then classifies the muscles into those of the scalp, eyelid, nose, mouth and ear. For each group, the document identifies the individual muscles and provides details on their origin, insertion and action. The overall purpose is to describe the anatomy of facial muscles for prosthodontic applications.
This document discusses muscles of the head and neck region. It begins with an introduction and overview of embryology, anatomy, physiology and methods to study muscles. It then describes the three "M"s that muscles can impact: muscle, malformation and malocclusion. Several key muscle groups are defined including their origins, insertions, nerve supply and actions. The role of muscles in facial expression and malocclusions is explored. The document concludes that balancing structural changes from orthodontic therapy with functional muscle forces is important.
This document discusses the anatomy of the face, including boundaries, skin layers, fascia, muscles, nerves, arteries, veins, and lymphatic drainage. It describes key facial muscles like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris. The motor innervation of the face is outlined, with the facial nerve supplying muscles. The arterial blood supply is dominated by the facial artery. Applied anatomy concepts like Bell's palsy and trigeminal neuralgia are also briefly mentioned.
The document discusses the muscles of facial expression, describing their origins, insertions, actions, and nerve supply. It classifies the muscles into groups including the occipitofrontalis, orbital, nasal, auricular, oral, and platysma groups. Within each group it describes individual muscles like the orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, zygomaticus major, and mentalis. The document aims to provide details of facial muscle anatomy for prosthodontic treatment and preservation of facial expression.
This document summarizes the muscles of facial expression. It describes the 17 muscles innervated by the facial nerve, including their origins, insertions, actions, and roles in facial expressions like smiling and frowning. It also discusses the cutaneous innervation and damage to upper and lower motor neurons can cause facial paralysis on one side of the face. A lesion of the facial nerve causes complete paralysis of all muscles on the affected side of the face.
The document discusses the anatomy of the muscles of facial expression and related structures. It can be summarized as follows:
1. The muscles of facial expression arise from the second branchial arch and are innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII). They allow for facial movements and expressions.
2. The main muscles involved include the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, nasalis, orbicularis oris, and zygomaticus major and minor.
3. The facial artery and veins course through the face, supplying and draining the muscles and overlying skin. The arteries anastomose to provide redundant blood flow.
4. The facial
Scalpface scalp to face muscles and nerve supply mehermoinkhan
This document discusses the anatomy of the face. It covers the boundaries of the face and key facts about facial skin and wound healing. It then describes the muscles of facial expression, including the orbital, nasal, oral and other minor muscle groups. These muscles are innervated by the facial nerve. The document outlines the sensory and motor innervation of the face by branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves respectively. Finally, it provides examples of clinical conditions that involve the facial nerves, such as Bell's palsy where paralysis of the facial nerve causes an inability to close the eye or smile on the affected side.
This document discusses the muscles of facial expression. It begins with an introduction on the embryological development and classification of these muscles. It then describes each muscle in detail, including origin, insertion, innervation, artery, and action. The major muscles described include the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris, which close the eyelids and purse the lips, as well as the buccinator and platysma, which assist with facial movements and expressions. The document concludes with references used.
Neurovascular topography of the face and neckEric Jewell
Anatomy presentation on the neurovascular topography of the face and neck. DOWNLOAD TO SEE THE COMMENTS. The slides are very basic - most of the info is contained in the comments which I read during the presentation.
The occipitofrontalis muscle consists of four bellies that arise from the occipital bone and eyebrow and connect via an aponeurosis. The facial muscles are arranged in groups around the eye, nose, and mouth and produce facial expressions by pulling on the skin. The buccinator muscle compresses the cheeks and lips against the teeth to prevent food accumulation in the mouth.
The document discusses the anatomy of the face, including muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and lymph nodes. It describes several key facial muscles like the orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, and buccinator. It outlines the nerve supply to the face from branches of the trigeminal, facial, and cervical plexus nerves. Major arteries like the facial and superficial temporal arteries are identified as blood suppliers. Lymph from the face drains to submental, submandibular, and superficial parotid lymph nodes.
Muscles of facial expression and muscles of tongueKomal Ghiya
Hi, I am Dr Komal Ghiya, a pediatric dentist by profession and I am here to upload some of my own presentations regarding dentistry for educational purposed for all the dental students, both undergraduates and postgraduates as well as dentists. I hope you like the presentation. All the best!
This document provides an overview of the muscles of facial expression. It begins by explaining that facial expressions are produced by motions of facial muscles and convey emotional states. It then classifies the facial muscles into six groups: scalp muscles, ear muscles, eyelid muscles, nose muscles, mouth muscles, and neck muscles. For each muscle, it describes the origin, insertion, innervation, blood supply, and function. The document provides a detailed anatomical description of selected important facial muscles.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the face, including:
1. The boundaries and skin of the face, which is very vascular and contains sebaceous glands and sweat glands.
2. The superficial fascia of the face contains the muscles of facial expression and fat.
3. The muscles of facial expression are divided into groups that control the scalp, eyelids, nose, mouth, and neck. These muscles are innervated by the facial nerve.
4. The arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerves that supply the structures of the face.
The document discusses the muscles of the scalp and face. It describes the occipitofrontalis muscle of the scalp and its origin and insertion. It then explains that the facial muscles are subcutaneous and attach to bone or fascia to pull the skin and change facial expressions. It lists and describes the specific muscles of the forehead, mouth, lips, cheeks, around the eyes, nose, and ear. It concludes by mentioning facial nerve palsy.
The human face is a fascinating study of physiology and psychology. Face is the mirror of one’s personality. It is our most useful and most underestimated tool for communication.
Face is the most beautiful and attractive part of the body which is most likely to develop malformations. So, the knowledge of normal anatomy of face will aid in understanding the potential reasons for preventing or treating of anomalies.
The document provides an overview of the arteries of the face. It notes that the face is supplied by branches of the external carotid artery including the facial artery, transverse facial artery, and maxillary artery. It also discusses the internal carotid artery and its terminal branch, the ophthalmic artery, which gives off the zygomaticofacial and dorsal nasal arteries that supply parts of the face. The anastomoses between the branches of the external and internal carotid arteries are mentioned as well.
The facial muscles are responsible for facial expressions and are more complex in humans than other animals. They originate from mesoderm and are supplied by the facial nerve. The facial muscles can be categorized based on their location around the eyes, nose, lips, and mouth. The main functions of these muscles include facial expression and maintaining openings of the eyes, nose, and mouth.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the head and neck region, including the scalp, face, and related structures. It describes the layers of the scalp, muscles such as the occipitofrontalis, innervation by nerves including the trigeminal nerve, and blood supply from arteries like the external carotid. For the face, it outlines the muscles involved in facial expressions, innervation by the trigeminal and facial nerves, and lymphatic and vascular structures. Other sections cover anatomical areas like the temporal and infratemporal fossae and related structures.
Face is the most prominent part of the body
Facial muscles also known as the ‘mimetic muscles’, represent remnants of the ‘Panniculus Carnosus’ ,continuous subcutaneous muscle sheet seen in some animals.
Facial Musculature are the only somatic muscles in the body attached on one side to the bone and the other side to the skin; thus specialized for expression
Face is the most prominent part of the body
Facial muscles also known as the ‘mimetic muscles’, represent remnants of the ‘Panniculus Carnosus’ ,continuous subcutaneous muscle sheet seen in some animals.
Facial Musculature are the only somatic muscles in the body attached on one side to the bone and the other side to the skin; thus specialized for expression
The seminar contain the complete description on salivary glands. The Seminar contains introduction of salivary glands, classification of salivary glands, development and anatomy of salivary glands, saliva, clinical significance and applied aspect of salivary gland. The salivary glands can be classified based on their size i.e Major and Minor salivary gland, secretion i.e Mucous, Serous and Mixed secretion and function i.e Exocrine gland and Endocrine gland. The major salivary glands are Parotid gland, Submandibular gland, and Sublingual gland. Saliva is known as the Gatekeeper of oral cavity because of its function such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, coating and lubrication, food digestion, teeth mineralization, buffer, wound healing. There are different method of resting and stimulated saliva collection. Method for saliva collection in resting are draining, spitting, suction and swab method and in stimulated masticatory and gustatory method. Saliva is used as a diagnostic tool for periodontal disease. the clinical significance and applied aspects of salivary glands includes xerostomia, sjogren's syndrome, sialorrhea, sialagogue, sialadenitis, parotitis, sialolithiasis, sialadenosis, mucoceles, ranula.
The facial nerve controls facial expression and branches multiple times within the skull and face. Facial nerve palsy can result from lesions anywhere along this path and causes an inability to move one side of the face. Common causes include Bell's palsy from unknown etiologies and tumors near the brainstem. Treatment involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, antivirals if caused by herpes, and physical therapy with facial exercises. The House-Brackman scale is used to grade the severity of facial paralysis.
The surgical anatomy of major salivary glands has many significant applications in maxillofacial surgery. Understanding these important anatomic relations- variations enables surgeons to perform the surgical procedures safely. Knowledge of these concepts helps us to recognize the problems and complications as and when they occur and manage them accordingly.
The document summarizes the anatomy and clinical applications of the facial nerve. It begins with the nuclear origin and functional components of the facial nerve. It then describes the intra cranial and extra cranial course of the nerve, its branches including the greater petrosal, chorda tympani, and terminal branches. Applications including facial nerve palsy, Bell's palsy, and preventing injury during dental procedures are discussed. Clinical testing and special tests of facial nerve function are also outlined.
The common carotid artery divides into the external and internal carotid arteries in the neck. The external carotid artery supplies structures in the head and neck and divides further into terminal branches including the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries. The internal carotid artery ascends into the cranium through the carotid canal and supplies the brain, eye and other structures within the skull. Its branches include the ophthalmic, anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The vertebral artery is another major artery supplying the brain.
The document discusses the anatomy of the face and scalp. It describes the layers of the scalp including skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose areolar tissue and pericranium. It details the muscles of the scalp including the occipitofrontalis muscle. The document then covers the anatomy of the face including skin, superficial fascia and facial muscles. It provides an in-depth overview of specific facial muscles and their functions. Finally, it discusses some applied considerations regarding abnormalities of the buccinator muscle and damage to the facial nerve.
Lecture 2 (The parotid gland and the extracranial part of the facial nerve)Zagazig University
The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland that secretes serous fluid. It is located below and in front of the external ear. The facial nerve passes through the gland and divides into branches that innervate facial muscles. The parotid duct transports saliva from the gland to the mouth. The facial nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and enters the parotid gland, where it divides into branches. Bell's palsy is caused by compression of the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen, resulting in an inability to close the eye or move parts of the face.
Orthodontic diagnosis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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The document provides detailed information about the anatomy of the head and neck region. It describes the bones that make up the skull, including the neurocranium and facial skeleton. It also discusses landmarks on the anterior, lateral, and posterior aspects of the skull. Additionally, it summarizes the muscles of facial expression and mastication, nerves and vasculature of the head and neck region, as well as structures located in the infratemporal fossa.
The document provides detailed information about the anatomy of the head and neck region. It describes the bones that make up the skull, including the neurocranium and facial skeleton. It also discusses landmarks on the anterior, lateral, and posterior aspects of the skull. Additionally, it summarizes the muscles of facial expression and mastication, nerves and vasculature of the head and neck region, as well as structures located in the infratemporal fossa.
white matter of cerebrum
Association tracts (fibers)- different regions in cerebral cortex
Projection tracts (fibers)- cerebral cortex other masses of gray matter
Commissures fibers- R L
Short association fibers:
Connect nearer gyri on the same hemisphere.
B- Long association fibers:
Connect distant gyri on the same hemisphere.
Example:
1-Superior longitudinal fasciculus:
Connects the frontal & occipital lobes.
It lies above the insula.
It has a subsidiary bundle known as arcuate fasciculus, which connects the frontal & temporal lobes.
It is important for language function
The duodenum has four parts with different anatomical relationships in the abdomen. It has arterial blood supply from the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. Venous drainage is into the splenic and superior mesenteric veins or directly into the portal vein. Lymphatic drainage is to the pancreaticoduodenal and preaortic lymph nodes. It receives nerve supply from the celiac plexus via the greater splanchnic nerves and vagus nerves.
The duodenum has four parts with different anatomical relationships and blood supply. The first part is anterior to the liver and posterior to major blood vessels. The second part is anterior to the gallbladder and colon and posterior to renal vessels. The third part is anterior to major abdominal vessels and posterior to the inferior vena cava. The fourth part is anterior to the transverse colon and posterior to left abdominal structures. It receives its blood supply from branches of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery, and drains into the splenic, superior mesenteric, and portal veins. Its nerve supply comes from the celiac plexus.
The document outlines the 7 key phases of embryonic development: 1) gametogenesis, 2) fertilization, 3) cleavage, 4) blastulation, 5) gastrulation, 6) neurulation, and 7) organogenesis. It provides details on the processes and cellular changes that occur during each phase, including the formation of germ layers, primitive gut, and organs from the three germ layers. The goal is to transform a single-celled zygote into a multicellular organism with differentiated tissues and organs.
The third week of development is characterized by major events including the formation of the primitive streak, three germ layers, notochord, allantois, neural plate and tube, somites, and intra-embryonic coelom. Gastrulation occurs as epiblast cells migrate through the primitive streak, forming the definitive endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. The notochord develops from the primitive node and defines the embryonic axis. Chorionic villi also develop further with mesodermal cores and capillaries. Neurulation involves the formation and closure of the neural tube from the neural plate.
The document describes the anatomy of the prevertebral and paravertebral regions of the neck. It discusses the muscles found in these regions including the rectus capitis anterior, longus colli, and scalene muscles. It also describes the scalene triangle and its contents, cervical ribs, and the scalenovertebral triangle.
The urinary bladder is a triangular pyramid-shaped organ located in the pelvis. In males, its base faces backwards and is covered by peritoneum, related to the seminal vesicles and rectum. In females, the bladder has no peritoneal covering and is related to the vagina. The bladder neck is continuous with the urethra and attached anteriorly via ligaments to the pubic bone. The ureters drain urine from the kidneys into the bladder's superior angles, while the urethra drains the bladder's contents out of the body.
The anterior compartment of the leg contains four muscles - Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus, and Fibularis Tertius. These muscles dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes. They are innervated by the deep peroneal nerve. The lateral compartment contains the Fibularis Longus and Brevis muscles. These muscles evert the foot and plantarflex the ankle, and are innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve.
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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2. - It extends from lower border of mandible to the hair- It extends from lower border of mandible to the hair
line (forehead is common for face and scalp)line (forehead is common for face and scalp)
- It extends laterally to the ear auricle- It extends laterally to the ear auricle
Layers of the face:Layers of the face:
1- skin:1- skin: it is thick, has rich blood supply (rapid healing)it is thick, has rich blood supply (rapid healing)
2- superficial fascia :2- superficial fascia : contains ms, vessels and nerves ofcontains ms, vessels and nerves of
the facethe face
No deep fascia in most of the face (to allow for facialNo deep fascia in most of the face (to allow for facial
expression)expression)
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
3. Skin of the face
•Very vascular,rich in
sweat& sebaceous glands .
•Receives the insertion
of facial muscles .
Superficial fascia
Contains :-
Facial muscles ,vessels &
nerves & fat .
Deep fascia ABSENT except ………
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
4. Facial musclesFacial muscles
Thin, flat muscles, connected to the
dermis of the skin
Innervated by the facial nerve
Considerable individual variation
Often blend into each other
Relaxed skin tension lines run
perpendicular to the direction of muscle
fibers
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
12. Nerve supply of the faceNerve supply of the face
By facial N. which supplies all
muscles of the face except lev.
Palp. Sup. (by oculomotor(
sensory motor
By branches of trigeminal nerve
except the skin covering the angle
of mandible (supplied by great
auricular nerve(
Ophthalmic div. Maxillary div. Mandibular div.
1-supratrrochlear
2-supraorbital
3-palpebral br. of lacrimal
4-infratrochlear
5-external nasal
1-zygomaticofacial
2-zygomaticotemporal
3-infraorbital
1-mental
2-buccal
3-auriculotemporal
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
13. Nerve supply of the faceNerve supply of the face
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
14. Facial nerveFacial nerve
Innervates muscles of facial
expression
- Exits stylomastoid foramen and
crosses parotid gland, where divides
into five major branches:
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal Mandibular
- Cervical
- Posterior auricular branch arises
proximal to parotid
There is significant variability in the
course and arborization of this nerve
from patient to patient
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
18. Nerve supplyNerve supply
Group 2 (insert into upper lip)
- Levator labii superioris –
BUCCAL
- Levator labii superioris
alaeque nasi – BUCCAL
- Zygomaticus minor -- BUCCAL
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
19. Nerve supplyNerve supply
Group 3 (insert into lower lip(
- Depressor labii inferioris –
buccal, MARGINAL
MANDIBULAR
- Mentalis – MARGINAL
MANDIBULAR
- Platysma – marginal
mandibular, CERVICAL
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
20. Sensory supplySensory supply
Sensory innervation to the face is
provided by the branches of the
Trigeminal Nerve
- V1 (Ophthalmic Division(
-- Supraorbital
-- Supratrochlear
-- Palpebral branch of lacrimal
nerve
-- Infratrochlear nerve
-- External nasal branch of anterior
ethmoidal nerve
- V2 (Maxillary Division(
-- Infraorbital
-- Zygomaticofacial
-- Zygomaticotemporal
- V3 (Mandibular Division(
-- Mental
-- Buccal
-- Auriculotemporal
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
21. Sensory supplySensory supply
Sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve
course superficially are prone to damage.
- However, most of the resulting sensory
dysfunction is not debilitating because of
collateral sprouting of nearby sensory nerves.
- Sensation to the posterior scalp and superior
neck is provided by branches of C2 and C3
- Knowledge of sensory nerve anatomy is useful
for regional anesthesia/nerve blocks.
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
22. Arterial supplyArterial supply
The face is supplied by branches
of the
external carotid and the internal
carotid
artery
- Two main branches of the
external carotid:
- Facial artery and superficial
temporal artery
- Main branches of the internal
carotid that
supplies the medial upper face
and scalp is the ophthalmic artery
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
23. Arterial blood supplyArterial blood supply
-Mainly by facial artery
-It is a tortuous artery
-It gives the following
branches in the face
1-inferior labial
2-superior labial
3-nasal
Facial artery
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
24. Venous drainage of scalp and faceVenous drainage of scalp and face
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
25. Venous drainage of scalp and faceVenous drainage of scalp and face
Supratrochlear V + Supraorbital VSupratrochlear V + Supraorbital V
Anterior facial V
Maxillary V Sup. Temporal V+
Retromandibular V
Anterior
division
Posterior
division
Common facial vein
+
Post. Auricular V
EJV
IJV
Subclavian V
*Occipital veins drain into suboccipital plexus of veins
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
28. Superficial
Temporal V.
Maxillary V.
Retro-
Mandibular V.
Post.auricular
V.
Facial vein
Posterior
devision
Anterior
devision
++
Common facial
vein
=
External
Jugular vein
=
I.J.V.
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
29. Supratrochlear V.
Supraorbital V.
facial V.
To sup.ophthalmic V.
Cavernous
sinus
Deep Facial V.Pterygoid venous
plexus
EmissaryVs.
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
36. Lymph drainage of the faceLymph drainage of the face
Lat.part of theLat.part of the
face……..parotid lymph nodesface……..parotid lymph nodes
..
Medial part of the face…Medial part of the face…
submandibular lymph nodes .submandibular lymph nodes .
Central part of lower lip &Central part of lower lip &
chin…………submental lymphchin…………submental lymphDr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
37. Anatomy and diseases ofAnatomy and diseases of
lacrimal apparatuslacrimal apparatus
The lacrimal apparatus consists ofThe lacrimal apparatus consists of
-lacrimal gland-lacrimal gland
-lacrimal passages-lacrimal passages
Lacrimal gland –consists of 2 partsLacrimal gland –consists of 2 parts
A-orbital lobe situated in a fossa in outerA-orbital lobe situated in a fossa in outer
part of the orbital roof.part of the orbital roof.
B-palpebral lobe situated in the outer partB-palpebral lobe situated in the outer part
above the superior fornix.above the superior fornix.
38. Anatomy and diseases of lacrimal apparatusAnatomy and diseases of lacrimal apparatus
The lacrimal apparatus consists ofThe lacrimal apparatus consists of
-lacrimal gland-lacrimal gland
-lacrimal passages-lacrimal passages
Lacrimal gland –consists of 2 partsLacrimal gland –consists of 2 parts
a)orbital lobe situated in a fossa in outer parta)orbital lobe situated in a fossa in outer part
of the orbital roof.of the orbital roof.
b)palpebral lobe situated in the outer partb)palpebral lobe situated in the outer part
above the superior fornix.above the superior fornix.
The ducts of the gland open in to the external part of
the .superior fornix
In structure the lacrimal gland resemble the salivary
glands.
The ducts of the gland open in to the external part of
the .superior fornix
In structure the lacrimal gland resemble the salivary
glands.
40. Lacrimal passages –consist ofLacrimal passages –consist of
a) lacrimal puncta:a) lacrimal puncta: one in each lid and situatedone in each lid and situated
near the posterior border of the margin 6 mmnear the posterior border of the margin 6 mm
from The medial canthus.from The medial canthus.
b) Canaliculi :b) Canaliculi : one in each eyelid-it commencesone in each eyelid-it commences
at the punctum and carries tears to the lacrimalat the punctum and carries tears to the lacrimal
sac.sac.
c) Lacrimal sac :c) Lacrimal sac : lies in the lacrimal fossalies in the lacrimal fossa
formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal processformed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process
of maxilla.It is covered by lacrimal foscia.of maxilla.It is covered by lacrimal foscia.
Anterior to the lacrimal foscia is the medialAnterior to the lacrimal foscia is the medial
palpebral ligament.The upper part of the sac ispalpebral ligament.The upper part of the sac is
known as the fundus.The lower end narrows as itknown as the fundus.The lower end narrows as it
open into the nasolacrimal duct.open into the nasolacrimal duct.Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA
41. d)Naso lacrimal duct:d)Naso lacrimal duct: It is 3-4 in length andIt is 3-4 in length and
opens into the inferior meatus of the nose. Itopens into the inferior meatus of the nose. It
is directed downwards,slightly outwards andis directed downwards,slightly outwards and
backwards.backwards.
The tears which are secreted by the lacrimalThe tears which are secreted by the lacrimal
glands into the conjunctival sac are drainedglands into the conjunctival sac are drained
by the lacrimal passage into the nose.by the lacrimal passage into the nose.
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Associate Prof
BMCH CTA