The document outlines the anatomy of the face, including layers such as skin, superficial fascia, and muscles, highlighting the vascular nature of facial skin and the absence of deep fascia to allow for facial expression. It details the nerve supply, arterial supply, and venous drainage of the face, emphasizing the role of the facial nerve in innervating facial muscles and the importance of the trigeminal nerve in sensory supply. Additionally, it covers the anatomy of the lacrimal apparatus, including the lacrimal gland and passages involved in tear drainage.

1. Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Professor
VBMC

2. - It extends from lower border of mandible to the hair
line (forehead is common for face and scalp)
- It extends laterally to the ear auricle
Layers of the face:
1- skin: it is thick, has rich blood supply (rapid healing)
2- superficial fascia : contains ms, vessels and nerves of
the face
No deep fascia in most of the face (to allow for facial
expression)
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Professor
VBMC

3. Skin of the face
•Very vascular,rich in sweat&
sebaceous glands .
•Receives the insertion of
facial muscles .
Superficial fascia
Contains :-
Facial muscles ,vessels & nerves
& fat .
Deep fascia ABSENT except ………
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Professor
VBMC

4. Facial muscles
Thin, flat muscles, connected to the
dermis of the skin
Innervated by the facial nerve
Considerable individual variation
Often blend into each other
Relaxed skin tension lines run
perpendicular to the direction of
muscle fibers
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VBMC

5. Forehead muscles
- Frontalis – elevates brow
- Procerus – depresses brow
- Corrugator Supercilii – depresses brow
- Orbicularis Oculi – closes eye,
depresses brow
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VBMC

6. Nose muscles
- Nasalis - compresses/dilates nose
- Depressor Septi Nasi - depresses tip
- Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi -
dilates nostrils and elevates upper lip
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VBMC

7. Lip muscles
Divided into 3 groups:
- Group 1 (insert into modiolus)
- Orbicularis oris – closes mouth
- Buccinator – presses lips and cheeks
against the teeth
- Risorius – draws commissure laterally
- Levator anguli oris – elevates
commissure
- Depressor anguli oris – depresses and
moves laterally commissure
- Zygomaticus major – elevates and
moves laterally commissure
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Professor
VBMC

8. Group 2 (insert into upper lip)
- Levator labii superioris –
elevates the upper lip
- Levator labii superioris
alaeque nasi – dilates
nostrils and elevates
upper lip
- Zygomaticus minor -
elevates and pulls
commissure laterally;
contributor to nasolabial
fold
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VBMC

9. Group 3 (insert into lower lip)
- Depressor labii inferioris –
depresses and pulls lip
slightly laterally
- Mentalis – elevates lower lip
- Platysma - depresses lower lip
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VBMC

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VBMC

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VBMC

12. Nerve supply of the face
By facial N. which supplies all
muscles of the face except lev.
Palp. Sup. (by oculomotor)
sensory motor
By branches of trigeminal nerve
except the skin covering the angle
of mandible (supplied by great
auricular nerve)
Ophthalmic div. Maxillary div. Mandibular div.
1-supratrrochlear
2-supraorbital
3-palpebral br. of lacrimal
4-infratrochlear
5-external nasal
1-zygomaticofacial
2-zygomaticotemporal
3-infraorbital
1-mental
2-buccal
3-auriculotemporal
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VBMC

13. Nerve supply of the face
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14. Facial nerve
Innervates muscles of facial
expression
- Exits stylomastoid foramen and
crosses parotid gland, where divides
into five major branches:
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal Mandibular
- Cervical
- Posterior auricular branch arises
proximal to parotid
There is significant variability in the
course and arborization of this nerve
from patient to patient
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VBMC

15. Nerve supply
Forehead
- Frontalis – temporal
- Procerus – temporal,
zygomatic, buccal
- Corrugator supercilii –
temporal, zygomatic,
buccal
- Orbicularis oculi – temporal,
zygomatic
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VBMC

16. Nerve supply
Nose
- Nasalis – zygomatic,
BUCCAL
- Depressor Septi Nasi –
BUCCAL
- Levator labii superioris
alaeque nasi – BUCCAL
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VBMC

17. Nerve supply
Lips Group 1
- Orbicularis oris – BUCCAL,
MARGINAL MANDIBULAR
- Buccinator – BUCCAL,
zygomatic
- Risorius – BUCCAL
- Levator anguli oris – BUCCAL,
zygomatic
- Depressor anguli oris –
BUCCAL, MARGINAL
MANDIBULAR
- Zygomaticus major –
ZYGOMATIC, BUCCAL
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VBMC

18. Nerve supply
Group 2 (insert into upper lip)
- Levator labii superioris –
BUCCAL
- Levator labii superioris alaeque
nasi – BUCCAL
- Zygomaticus minor -- BUCCAL
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VBMC

19. Nerve supply
Group 3 (insert into lower lip)
- Depressor labii inferioris –
buccal, MARGINAL
MANDIBULAR
- Mentalis – MARGINAL
MANDIBULAR
- Platysma – marginal
mandibular, CERVICAL
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VBMC

20. Sensory supply
Sensory innervation to the face is
provided by the branches of the
Trigeminal Nerve
- V1 (Ophthalmic Division)
-- Supraorbital
-- Supratrochlear
-- Palpebral branch of lacrimal nerve
-- Infratrochlear nerve
-- External nasal branch of anterior
ethmoidal nerve
- V2 (Maxillary Division)
-- Infraorbital
-- Zygomaticofacial
-- Zygomaticotemporal
- V3 (Mandibular Division)
-- Mental
-- Buccal
-- Auriculotemporal Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Professor
VBMC

21. Sensory supply
Sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve
course superficially are prone to damage.
- However, most of the resulting sensory
dysfunction is not debilitating because of
collateral sprouting of nearby sensory nerves.
- Sensation to the posterior scalp and superior
neck is provided by branches of C2 and C3
- Knowledge of sensory nerve anatomy is useful
for regional anesthesia/nerve blocks.
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VBMC

22. THANKS
FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Professor
VBMC

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VBMC

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VBMC

25. Arterial supply
The face is supplied by branches of
the
external carotid and the internal
carotid
artery
- Two main branches of the
external carotid:
- Facial artery and superficial temporal
artery
- Main branches of the internal
carotid that
supplies the medial upper face and
scalp is the ophthalmic artery
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VBMC

26. Arterial blood supply
- Mainly by facial artery
- It is a tortuous artery
- It gives the following
branches in the face
1- inferior labial
2- superior labial
3- nasal
Facial artery
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VBMC

27. Venous drainage of scalp and face
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VBMC

28. Venous drainage of scalp and face
Supratrochlear V + Supraorbital V
Anterior facial V
Maxillary V Sup. Temporal V +
Retromandibular V
Anterior
division
Posterior
division
Common facial vein
+
Post. Auricular V
EJV
IJV
Subclavian V
* Occipital veins drain into suboccipital plexus of veins
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VBMC

29. Supratrochlear V.
Supra-orbital V.
facial vein
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VBMC

30. Retro-
Mandibular V.
Ext.jugular V.
Post.auricular
V.
C.Facial V.
Superficial
Temporal V.
Maxillary V.
Int.jugular V.
Facial Vs.
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VBMC

31. Superficial
Temporal V.
Maxillary V.
Retro-
Mandibular V.
Post.auricular
V.
Facial vein
Posterior
devision
Anterior
devision
+
+
Common facial
vein
=
External
Jugular vein
=
I.J.V.
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Professor
VBMC

32. Supratrochlear V.
Supraorbital V.
facial V.
To sup.ophthalmic V.
Cavernous
sinus
Deep Facial V.
Pterygoid venous
plexus
Emissary
Vs.
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VBMC

33. Cavernous
Sinus
Pterygoid
Venous Plexus
Facial V.
Sup.Ophth.
V.
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VBMC

34. facial vein
Pterygoid venous
plexus
Cavernous sinus
Emissary veins
Deep facial V. Sup.oph.V.
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VBMC

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VBMC

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VBMC

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VBMC

38. Parotid L.N.
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VBMC

39. Lymph drainage of the face
 Lat.part of the face……..parotid
lymph nodes .
 Medial part of the
face…submandibular lymph
nodes .
 Central part of lower lip &
chin…………submental lymph
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Professor
VBMC

40. Anatomy and diseases of
lacrimal apparatus
The lacrimal apparatus consists of
-lacrimal gland
-lacrimal passages
Lacrimal gland –consists of 2 parts
A-orbital lobe situated in a fossa in outer
part of the orbital roof.
B-palpebral lobe situated in the outer part
above the superior fornix.

41. Anatomy and diseases of lacrimal apparatus
The lacrimal apparatus consists of
-lacrimal gland
-lacrimal passages
Lacrimal gland –consists of 2 parts
a)orbital lobe situated in a fossa in outer part
of the orbital roof.
b)palpebral lobe situated in the outer part
above the superior fornix.
The ducts of the gland open in to the external part of the
.superior fornix
In structure the lacrimal gland resemble the salivary
glands.

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VBMC

43. Lacrimal passages –consist of
a) lacrimal puncta: one in each lid and situated
near the posterior border of the margin 6 mm
from The medial canthus.
b) Canaliculi : one in each eyelid-it commences
at the punctum and carries tears to the lacrimal
sac.
c) Lacrimal sac : lies in the lacrimal fossa
formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process
of maxilla.It is covered by lacrimal foscia.
Anterior to the lacrimal foscia is the medial
palpebral ligament.The upper part of the sac is
known as the fundus.The lower end narrows as
it open into the nasolacrimal duct.
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VBMC

44. d)Naso lacrimal duct: It is 3-4 in length and
opens into the inferior meatus of the nose. It
is directed downwards,slightly outwards and
backwards.
The tears which are secreted by the lacrimal
glands into the conjunctival sac are drained
by the lacrimal passage into the nose.
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Professor
VBMC

45. THANKS
FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION
Dr. Siraj A Shirbadgi Professor
VBMC