Powdered seaweed or seaweed flour is already used as an ingredient in terrestrial and aquatic feeds. The seaweed is usually a single species and publications over the years have demonstrated a range of benefits, for instance improved resistance to viral and bacterial pathogens.
Powdered seaweed or seaweed flour is already used as an ingredient in terrestrial and aquatic feeds. The seaweed is usually a single species and publications over the years have demonstrated a range of benefits, for instance improved resistance to viral and bacterial pathogens.
Peas (Pisum sativum) are one of the four most important crops next to soybean, groundnut, and beans. It is a particularly important legume in temperate areas with numerous food (dry seed, vegetable) and feed (seed, fodder) usages.
Replacement of Fish Meal with Fish Head Meal in the Diet on the Growth and Fe...theijes
The availability of fish head meal (FHM) as a substitute for fish meal (FM) was evaluated in lobster (initial weight: ±0.02) diets containing three levels of FHM (from 0, 25% and 50%). After 90 days, weight gain averages were g for fish fed diet in which FM was partially substituted with 100, 75, and 50 % FHM, and feed conversion ratios were 3.20, 3.05, 4.01, 3.65 and 4.46, respectively. No differences were obtained in weight gain, FCR, FE and SR for all treatments. The lobster fed diet C (50% FM : 50% FHM) was highest in FE and followed by the shrimp fed diet B (75% FM),diet A (100% FM), respectively. SR was highest in the lobster fed diet C and the lowest was found in the lobster fed diet A. This study concluded that FHM could replace FM up to 50% in the diet without compromising growth and survival rate of rock lobster juvenile.
In recent years, aquaculture has gained in importance as a renewable source of dietary protein and as a viable commercial activity. To maintain this position in the future and to continue to provide a good investment opportunity, the problems the sector currently faces must be addressed. One of the more important of these concerns is the cost of feed, which is estimated to be 50-60 percent of the total cost of production. Numerous studies on the use of different feed formulations, feed ingredients and feeding techniques have been conducted (Kaushik et al., 2004; Thiessen et al., 2003; Martinez et al., 2004; Enes et al.,2006; Izquierdo et al., 2003). These studies have included assessments of various alternative raw materials, vitamins and minerals, monitoring the amount of feed provided to the fish, and the addition of pigments and other feed additives to the diet. In particular, various feed additives with growth promoting properties came into prominence in these studies (Francis et al., 2005; Haroun et al., 2006; Abdel-Tawwab et al., 2008; Lara-Flores et al., 2003; Li and Gatlin, 2004;). Growth promoting feed additives may contain different ingredients as plant extracts, organic acids, probiotics, hormones etc.
Spray-dried plasma from porcine blood in diets for Atlantic salmon parrsInternational Aquafeed
Since the late 1970s, Atlantic salmon aquaculture has grown into a global industry that annually produces over 1.4 million tonnes of salmon with an estimated value of US$7,812 million according to 2012 FAO statistics. The growth of salmon aquaculture has been accompanied by a continuous improvement in feed formulation and technology to maximize growth and survival of salmon at different stages of development. The search for new and alternative feed ingredients and formulations continues in order to ensure sustainability of this industry.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Soy protein concentrate: a value- added soy product for aquafeedsCJBio3
Aquaculture is the world's fastest-growing industry in the food production sector. It is projected that aquaculture will play a major role in the global food supply by doubling and intensifying its production by 2050. Fish meal is considered as “the gold standard” ingredients for aqua feed, but its unstable price and availability might decelerate the sector expansion and hurt famer’s profits. Although plant-based ingredients can be fish meal alternatives, their high content of antinutritional factors might cause some negative effects on fish growth. However, soy protein concentrate, which provides a great source of protein with less antinutrients thanks to the aqueous alcohol extraction in its refining process, are employing widely for better cost management with stable feed quality.
The article today will provide some updates about SPC using in feed production and the benefits which it brings on fish growth performance.
Comparative Study of The Antioxidant Activities of Monodora Myristica And A. ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
Detritivorous marine polychaete worms are farmed commercially as live bait for sport angling and most recently as an ingredient in formulated aquaculture feeds.
QUALITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDS AS A RAW MATERIAL IN FUNCTIONAL, ORGANIC AND TRADITI...Valentina Semencenko
Maize (Zea mays) is a plant of enormous modern-day economic importance as foodstuff and alternative energy source. Importance of maize in food productionindustry is enormous as well as in many other industries.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF NORMAL AND TUMOR TISSUE, SARDINE...IJSIT Editor
Fish are at present in high demand in food markets, they are widely consumed in many parts of the
world because they posses high protein content, saturated fat and also contain omega fatty acids known to
support good health. The present study deals with biochemical composition of common fish,Sardinella
longiceps. The proximate composition of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acids and fatty acids were
studied. The results of proximate composition in S. longiceps showed the percentage of protein was high in
the normal and tumor infected fish tissue (29.15 &18.93%), followed by the carbohydrate (5.81 & 2.42 %)
and lipid (15.61 & 9.28 %). The percentage compositions of essential and non-essential amino acids are
presented in normal tissue and tumor infected tissue were found to be as 46.09 % & 41.47 % and 37.23% &
40.63%. In the analysis, the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography revealed the presence of higher amount
of PUFA (Linolenic acid 32.74 %) in normal tissue. The details of the vitamins detected in S. longicepstissue.
Among them, vitamin A was found in higher levels (91.16 mg/gm) at normal tissue. In the present study,
totally 5 macro minerals and 2 trace minerals were reported. The S. longiceps normal and infected tissue
contributed maximum sodium (289.6 mg/gm) and Potassium (166.5 mg/gm) of minerals. The result shows
that marine fish (S. longiceps) tissue is a valuable food recipe for human consumption, due to its high quality
protein and well-balanced amino acids fatty acids and vitamins and minerals.
Biochemical components of three marine macroalgae (Padina pavonica, Ulva lact...Innspub Net
Green macroalgae Ulva lactuca, brown macroalgae Taonia atomaria and Padina pavonica are spread in the Turkish Levantine Sea. There is limited information about antioxidant activities and fatty acid composition of these species from Levantine Sea. In this study was to determine and compare antioxidant activities, vitamin and fatty acid (FA) composition of U. lactuca, T. atomaria and P. pavonica. The analysis was made with HPLC and GC device. g. Then, the results were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed; palmitic acid (C16:0) as the most abundant saturate fatty acid (21-41%). The green algae was rich palmitic acid (C16:0) (41.68%). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were major components (39.81–42.89%). The total MUFA content for U. lactuca was 40.63%, P. pavonica 42.89% and for T. atomaria 38.81%. Oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) was the most abundant MUFA in all the species analyzed. Eicosapentaenoic acid ( C20:5 n-3) and arahidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) were found in significant levels in T. atomaria. P. pavonica and T. atomaria showed similar amounts of C18 and C20 PUFAs contents. In T. atomaria eicosopentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) accounted 4.78% of total fatty acids. PUFA/SFA ratio in T. atomaria was 1.10%, U. lactuca; 0.26% and for P. pavonica 0.68%.The total phenolic contents ranged from 0.96 to 2.22 mg gallic acid equivalents per 1 g of dry macroalgae material. Phenolic content of the water extract of T. atomaria (2.22 mg GAE /g) was higher than that of the water extract of P. pavonica and U. lactuca. It has been thought that the amount of α-tocoferol was higher than the other lipophilic vitamins in all the three species tested. In Conclusion; these species can be used as food and in food industry.
Peas (Pisum sativum) are one of the four most important crops next to soybean, groundnut, and beans. It is a particularly important legume in temperate areas with numerous food (dry seed, vegetable) and feed (seed, fodder) usages.
Replacement of Fish Meal with Fish Head Meal in the Diet on the Growth and Fe...theijes
The availability of fish head meal (FHM) as a substitute for fish meal (FM) was evaluated in lobster (initial weight: ±0.02) diets containing three levels of FHM (from 0, 25% and 50%). After 90 days, weight gain averages were g for fish fed diet in which FM was partially substituted with 100, 75, and 50 % FHM, and feed conversion ratios were 3.20, 3.05, 4.01, 3.65 and 4.46, respectively. No differences were obtained in weight gain, FCR, FE and SR for all treatments. The lobster fed diet C (50% FM : 50% FHM) was highest in FE and followed by the shrimp fed diet B (75% FM),diet A (100% FM), respectively. SR was highest in the lobster fed diet C and the lowest was found in the lobster fed diet A. This study concluded that FHM could replace FM up to 50% in the diet without compromising growth and survival rate of rock lobster juvenile.
In recent years, aquaculture has gained in importance as a renewable source of dietary protein and as a viable commercial activity. To maintain this position in the future and to continue to provide a good investment opportunity, the problems the sector currently faces must be addressed. One of the more important of these concerns is the cost of feed, which is estimated to be 50-60 percent of the total cost of production. Numerous studies on the use of different feed formulations, feed ingredients and feeding techniques have been conducted (Kaushik et al., 2004; Thiessen et al., 2003; Martinez et al., 2004; Enes et al.,2006; Izquierdo et al., 2003). These studies have included assessments of various alternative raw materials, vitamins and minerals, monitoring the amount of feed provided to the fish, and the addition of pigments and other feed additives to the diet. In particular, various feed additives with growth promoting properties came into prominence in these studies (Francis et al., 2005; Haroun et al., 2006; Abdel-Tawwab et al., 2008; Lara-Flores et al., 2003; Li and Gatlin, 2004;). Growth promoting feed additives may contain different ingredients as plant extracts, organic acids, probiotics, hormones etc.
Spray-dried plasma from porcine blood in diets for Atlantic salmon parrsInternational Aquafeed
Since the late 1970s, Atlantic salmon aquaculture has grown into a global industry that annually produces over 1.4 million tonnes of salmon with an estimated value of US$7,812 million according to 2012 FAO statistics. The growth of salmon aquaculture has been accompanied by a continuous improvement in feed formulation and technology to maximize growth and survival of salmon at different stages of development. The search for new and alternative feed ingredients and formulations continues in order to ensure sustainability of this industry.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Soy protein concentrate: a value- added soy product for aquafeedsCJBio3
Aquaculture is the world's fastest-growing industry in the food production sector. It is projected that aquaculture will play a major role in the global food supply by doubling and intensifying its production by 2050. Fish meal is considered as “the gold standard” ingredients for aqua feed, but its unstable price and availability might decelerate the sector expansion and hurt famer’s profits. Although plant-based ingredients can be fish meal alternatives, their high content of antinutritional factors might cause some negative effects on fish growth. However, soy protein concentrate, which provides a great source of protein with less antinutrients thanks to the aqueous alcohol extraction in its refining process, are employing widely for better cost management with stable feed quality.
The article today will provide some updates about SPC using in feed production and the benefits which it brings on fish growth performance.
Comparative Study of The Antioxidant Activities of Monodora Myristica And A. ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
Detritivorous marine polychaete worms are farmed commercially as live bait for sport angling and most recently as an ingredient in formulated aquaculture feeds.
QUALITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDS AS A RAW MATERIAL IN FUNCTIONAL, ORGANIC AND TRADITI...Valentina Semencenko
Maize (Zea mays) is a plant of enormous modern-day economic importance as foodstuff and alternative energy source. Importance of maize in food productionindustry is enormous as well as in many other industries.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF NORMAL AND TUMOR TISSUE, SARDINE...IJSIT Editor
Fish are at present in high demand in food markets, they are widely consumed in many parts of the
world because they posses high protein content, saturated fat and also contain omega fatty acids known to
support good health. The present study deals with biochemical composition of common fish,Sardinella
longiceps. The proximate composition of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acids and fatty acids were
studied. The results of proximate composition in S. longiceps showed the percentage of protein was high in
the normal and tumor infected fish tissue (29.15 &18.93%), followed by the carbohydrate (5.81 & 2.42 %)
and lipid (15.61 & 9.28 %). The percentage compositions of essential and non-essential amino acids are
presented in normal tissue and tumor infected tissue were found to be as 46.09 % & 41.47 % and 37.23% &
40.63%. In the analysis, the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography revealed the presence of higher amount
of PUFA (Linolenic acid 32.74 %) in normal tissue. The details of the vitamins detected in S. longicepstissue.
Among them, vitamin A was found in higher levels (91.16 mg/gm) at normal tissue. In the present study,
totally 5 macro minerals and 2 trace minerals were reported. The S. longiceps normal and infected tissue
contributed maximum sodium (289.6 mg/gm) and Potassium (166.5 mg/gm) of minerals. The result shows
that marine fish (S. longiceps) tissue is a valuable food recipe for human consumption, due to its high quality
protein and well-balanced amino acids fatty acids and vitamins and minerals.
Biochemical components of three marine macroalgae (Padina pavonica, Ulva lact...Innspub Net
Green macroalgae Ulva lactuca, brown macroalgae Taonia atomaria and Padina pavonica are spread in the Turkish Levantine Sea. There is limited information about antioxidant activities and fatty acid composition of these species from Levantine Sea. In this study was to determine and compare antioxidant activities, vitamin and fatty acid (FA) composition of U. lactuca, T. atomaria and P. pavonica. The analysis was made with HPLC and GC device. g. Then, the results were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed; palmitic acid (C16:0) as the most abundant saturate fatty acid (21-41%). The green algae was rich palmitic acid (C16:0) (41.68%). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were major components (39.81–42.89%). The total MUFA content for U. lactuca was 40.63%, P. pavonica 42.89% and for T. atomaria 38.81%. Oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) was the most abundant MUFA in all the species analyzed. Eicosapentaenoic acid ( C20:5 n-3) and arahidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) were found in significant levels in T. atomaria. P. pavonica and T. atomaria showed similar amounts of C18 and C20 PUFAs contents. In T. atomaria eicosopentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) accounted 4.78% of total fatty acids. PUFA/SFA ratio in T. atomaria was 1.10%, U. lactuca; 0.26% and for P. pavonica 0.68%.The total phenolic contents ranged from 0.96 to 2.22 mg gallic acid equivalents per 1 g of dry macroalgae material. Phenolic content of the water extract of T. atomaria (2.22 mg GAE /g) was higher than that of the water extract of P. pavonica and U. lactuca. It has been thought that the amount of α-tocoferol was higher than the other lipophilic vitamins in all the three species tested. In Conclusion; these species can be used as food and in food industry.
Dr. Abhijit Mitra, Associate Professor and former Head, Dept. of Marine Science, University of Calcutta (INDIA) has been active in the sphere of Oceanography since 1985. He obtained his Ph.D as NET qualified scholar in 1994. Since then he joined Calcutta Port Trust and WWF (World Wide Fund), in various capacities to carry out research programmes on environmental science, biodiversity conservation, climate change and carbon sequestration. Presently Dr. Mitra is serving as the advisor of Oceanography Division of Techno India University, Kolkata. He has to his credit about 388 scientific publications in various National and International journals, and 34 books of postgraduate standards. Dr. Mitra has successfully completed about 16 projects on biodiversity loss in fishery sector, coastal pollution, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration. Dr. Mitra also visited as faculty member and invited speakers in several foreign Universities of Singapore, Kenya, Oman and USA. In 2008, Dr. Mitra was invited as visiting fellow at University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, USA to deliver a series of lecture on Climate Change. Dr. Mitra also successfully guided 29 Ph.D students. Presently his domain of expertise includes environmental science, mangrove ecology, sustainable aquaculture, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration.
Comparative Study of Zootechnical Performances and Survival Rates in Rainbow ...IJEAB
Considering its economic and halieutic interest, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, on 1792) is one of the species the most appreciated in the world, in particular for the sports fishing. To compare the effects of two food of different formulation, (the one premises(place) used by the center of salmon farming and the other one imported) on some biological parameters of the trout rainbow, an experimental study was realized between 1st Mars and June 15th, 2016 in the National Center of Hydrobiology and Fish farming of Azrou on 2000 fish fry stemming from the same prize of eggs and restarted randomly in 4 rectangular ponds fed with fresh water and fed four times by days during 107 days. The obtained results show good that the best performances of growth in length and in weight, the survival rate and feed efficiency are attributed to the imported food.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.13
ABSTRACT- The present investigation was carried out to the effect of Fenvalerate on haematological parameters in
freshwater fish Channa marulius using standard methods. Fish was exposed to (1/4th LC50) sub lethal concentration of
Fenvalerate (0.086ppm) for 96h.The blood sample were obtained from both, control and experimental fish and assayed
haematological parameters (Total Erythrocytes count, TEC; Total Leucocytes count, TLC; Haemoglobin, Hb; Packed cell
volume, PCV; Mean corpuscular volume, MCV; Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin
Concentration; MCHC). The result revealed that TEC, Hb percentage, PCV and MCHC counts were significantly
decreased, whereas TLC, MCV and MCH increased slightly in experimental fish. The study has thus indicated marked
changes in blood of Channa marulius after exposure to Fenvalerate.
Key-words- Fenvalerate, Hematology, Channa marulius, Haemoglobin, Sub lethal
Information about composition of deep-sea edible part might raise their value as table food. Proximate composition of few fin fish species from North Atlantic, eastern North Pacific has been reported. No literature is available for either fin fish or shell fish from deep waters off the Indian EEZ.
Changes in the Hematology Parameters of Freshwater Fish Channa striatus Expos...BRNSS Publication Hub
In the present study was sublethal concentrations of propargite pesticide administered to freshwater fish C. striatus for 96 hours propargite exposure is 0.34 parts per million (ppm) based on the period of (0.034ppm), (1.02ppm), 15 and 30 days about significantly (P > 0.05) in hematological parameters alterations was recorded. The hematological analysis showed significant (P > 0.05) reduction in red blood cell count, hemoglobin value, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, and mean corpuscular volume. The parameters such as total white blood cells increased when induced toxic content. The present study indicated marked changes in the blood of C. striatus after exposure to propargite pesticide.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL FROM NURSE TETRA (Brycinus n...Oyeniyi Samuel
Fish is an important source of protein providing essential amino acids. Imported fish oil are expensive, scarce and sometimes unavailable. However, extraction of oil from indigenous fish species will provide cheap, abundant and readily available product. This study therefore, aimed at the extraction of fish oil from Brycinus nurse. A total of 1368g of B. nurse was procured from Lake Alau, Borno State. The fish were divided into four samples A, B, C and D respectively. Sample A was oven dried for a period of 60 minutes, at maximum temperature of 70oC, sample B for 90 minutes at a maximum temperature of 96oC, sample C for 60 minutes at maximum of 96oC, and sample D for 90 minutes at a maximum temperature of 70oC. After oven drying, the samples were immediately transferred to mechanical workshop for oil extraction using hydraulic press. The characterization and the quality of fish oil were measured using the acid value, saponification value and relative density. Results showed that the fish oil from samples A, B, C, and D had acid value of 3.57mg/KOH, 3.59mgKOH, 2.9mg/KOH, and 2.75mg/KOH respectively, the saponification value of 82.8mg/KOH/g, 94.42mg/KOH/g, 82.8mg/KOH/g, and 70mg/KOH/g respectively while the relative density was found to be 0.04305 for sample A, 0.04301 for sample B, sample C 0.0433 and sample D 0.04307. It can be concluded that the fish oil values falls within the acceptable standard value which are suitable for application in pharmaceutical and food industries. Therefore, Brycinus nurse has the potential of producing fish oil for domestic and industrial use.
Preliminary Study on the Characterization of oil from Nurse tetra (Brycinus n...AZOJETE UNIMAID
Fish is an important source of protein providing essential amino acids. Imported fish oil are expensive, scarce and sometimes unavailable. However, extraction of oil from indigenous fish species will provide cheap, abundant and readily available product. This study therefore, aimed at the extraction of fish oil from Brycinus nurse. A total of 1368g of B. nurse was procured from Lake Alau, Borno State. The fish were divided into four samples A, B, C and D respectively. Sample A was oven dried for a period of 60 minutes, at maximum temperature of 70oC, sample B for 90 minutes at a maximum temperature of 96oC, sample C for 60 minutes at maximum of 96oC, and sample D for 90 minutes at a maximum temperature of 70oC. After oven drying, the samples were immediately transferred to mechanical workshop for oil extraction using hydraulic press. The characterization and the quality of fish oil were measured using the acid value, saponification value and relative density. Results showed that the fish oil from samples A, B, C, and D had acid value of 3.57mg/KOH, 3.59mgKOH, 2.9mg/KOH, and 2.75mg/KOH respectively, the saponification value of 82.8mg/KOH/g, 94.42mg/KOH/g, 82.8mg/KOH/g, and 70mg/KOH/g respectively while the relative density was found to be 0.04305 for sample A, 0.04301 for sample B, sample C 0.0433 and sample D 0.04307. It can be concluded that the fish oil values falls within the acceptable standard value which are suitable for application in pharmaceutical and food industries. Therefore, Brycinus nurse has the potential of producing fish oil for domestic and industrial use.
Determination of acute toxicity and the effects of sub-acute concentrations o...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Copper oxidenanoparticles have different industrial applications so it is inevitable that nanoparticulate products finally find their way into aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless there is little information available about their effects on some of edible fish. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of two sub-acute concentrations (50 and 70% 96 h LC50) of CuO-NPs on some hematological and biochemical parameters of R. rutilus.
Materials and Methods:
225 healthy specimen of R. rutilus (mean weight 5.52±1.2 g; mean length 6.20±0.2 cm) were transported to the laboratory. In order to prepare the stock solution, CuO-NPs was dispersed in pure water with ultrasonication (50-60 kHz) for 15 min every day before dosing. At first, R. rutilus was exposed to CuO-NPs to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) value. Following acute test, fish were treated with sub-acute concentrations of CuO-NPs (50 and 70% 96 h-LC50 at) with one control group (no CuO-NPs) for a week to determine the changes in the level of some plasma hematological and biochemical parameters.
Results:
The 96 h-LC50 values of CuO-NPs was 2.19±0.003 mg/l. R. rutilus exhibited significantly lower RBC count, Hb and Hct values and a significant increase in the WBC numbers, MCH, MCHC and MCV indices (p<0.05).><0.05).
Conclusion:
These alterations indicate R. rutilus sensitivity to CuO-NPs and changes in blood parameters would be a useful tool for measurement early exposure to CuO nanoparticles.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...
Fa composition of common carp, trout and grey mullet
1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271909961
Fatty acid composition of common carp, rainbow trout and grey mullet fish
species
Article in Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · September 2011
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Medical University of Varna
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Georgi Zhelyazkov (Bulgaria)
6. Fattyacidcompositionofcommoncarp,rainbowtroutandgreymulletfishspecies
M. Stancheva, A. Merdzhanova*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 55 Marin Drinov, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
Abstract. The aim of the present study was to determinate the fatty acid composition of two commercially important freshwater fish species - rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and one Black Sea fish – grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). Lipid extraction was done according to the Bligh
and Dyer method. Methyl esters were prepared according to method EN ISO 5508:2000. The fatty acid (FA) composition was analyzed by GC-MS. The total
lipid content in rainbow trout was 11.50 g/100g raw weight (r.w.), in carp – 12.74g/100 g r.w. while grey mullet showed a value of 3.80g/100g r.w. In comparison
with other groups, the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) showed the highest level in trout – 43.13 % including ω3 such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids followed by grey mullet –29.1%, whereas the carp presented lowest level – 17.55%. The amounts of total ω6 PUFAs were
higherthanthetotalω3PUFAsinallanalyzedfishsamples.Aω3/ω6andPUFA/SFAratiosweredeterminedinallthreefishspecies.
Keywords:fattyacidcomposition,commoncarp,greymullet,rainbowtrout,GC-MS
Abbreviations: FA – fatty acid, PUFA – polyunsaturated fatty acid, MUFA – monounsaturated fatty acids, TL – total lipids, SFA – saturated fatty acids,
EPA – eicosapentaenois, DHE – docosahexaenoie, ALA – Aa-alphalinoleic, ARA – arahidonic
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 3, No 3, pp 285 - 289, 2011
285
Introduction Materialandmethods
The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered as
Sampling
essential for the normal human growth, development, and they play
Grey mullet fish species was purchased from the Varna local
an important role in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart
fishery market (2010). Common carp was obtained from Pjasachnik
disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, inflammatory and
Dam Lake (early spring 2010, Plovdiv region) and rainbow trout –
autoimmune disorders and cancer. Fishes are the main food source
from Dospat Dam Lake (spring 2010, Smolyan region). Three
of omega 3 (ω 3) and omega 6 (ω 6) PUFAs in the human diet. The
specimen of each species were used for lipid and fatty acid analysis.
fatty acid composition of fish lipids, (especially PUFA) varies in
Table 1 presented biometric and biologic characteristics of the
response to their habitats as water temperature change, salinity and
observedfishspecies.
dietary lipids (Tocher, 2003; Henderson et al.,1987). The Black Sea
appears to be one of the important fish basins influencing greatly the
Standardsandreagents
economy of all countries around the basin and grey mullet (Mugil
For fatty acids analysis FattyAcid Methyl Esters (F.A.M.E.) mix
cephalus) is one of the commercially important species. Due to its
standard(SUPELCOF.A.M.E.MixC4-C24),nonadecanoicacidand
economic importance, two of the most widely farmed fish species in
methyl ester nonadecanoic acid standards were purchased from
our country are the rainbowtrout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp TM
Sigma – Aldrich . All chemicals used were of analytical and GC
(Cyprinus carpio L.). These freshwater fishes are the preferred fish
grade(Sharlau,Spain).
species for breeding and consumption because of ther rapid growth
andrichanddiversecompositionofthemeat(Videvetal.,2009).
Samplepreparation
ThelipidFAprofilesdatafordifferentmarineandfreshwaterfish
Lipid extraction. To define total lipids the tissue was finely cut
species especially originating from Canada, Norway and Japan are
and three samples were taken in parallel, each of which weighed 5g.
available in literature. However, information about the fatty acids
Total lipids (TL) were extracted with chloroform/methanol (2:1 v/v)
composition of Bulgarian Black Sea and freshwaters fish species is
according to Bligh and Dyer method (1959).After phase separation,
lacking. Two reports were encounted in the literature, in witch FA
the chloroform extracts were evaporated until dryness and were
content in carp and trout were mentioned (Ribanova et al., 2003;
quantified by weight. The total lipid content was measured in
Hadjinikolova,2005).
triplicatebygravimetry.
The purpose of the present study was to compare the level of
the fatty acid composition of two commercially important freshwater
Fattyacidsmethylesters(FAME)analysis.
fish species - rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were prepared by base-
(Cyprinus carpio) and one Black Sea fish – grey mullet (Mugil
catalysed transmethylation with 2M KOH in methanol using EN ISO
cephalus).
* e-mail: a.merdzhanova@gmail.com
7. 286
5509:2000. After 10 minutes centrifugation (3500 g), the upper Fattyacidscomposition
hexanelayer(asampleof1µl)wasanalysedbyGS/MS. A lipid analysis enabled the classification and quantitative
determinationofFAaswellasthesumofsaturatedfattyacids(SFA),
GC-MSanalysis monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFA). FA contents in grey mullet followed a relative pattern with
Gas chromatography was performed by a model FOCUS Gas SFA > PUFA > MUFA. An exception to this was rainbow trout which
Chromatograph with autosampler A 3000, equipped with Polaris Q contained a higher amount of PUFA compared to MUFA (p<0.001)
MS detector (Thermo Scientific, USA). The capillary column used and SFA (p<0.001) (e.g. PUFA>SFA > MUFA). The carp reveals
was a TR-5 MS (Thermo Scientific, USA) universal column 30 m significantly higher MUFA content compared to PUFA (p<0.001)
lengthand0.25mmi.d..Heliumwasusedasacarriergasatflowrate (e.g. MUFA > SFA > PUFA). Figure 1 presented significant
1 ml/min. Peaks were identified according to two parameters: differences obtained when comparing the FA groups in each
Retention Time (RT) based on available fatty acid methyl esters analyzedfishspecies.
(FAME) mix standard and mass spectra (ratio m/z) – compared to Hadjinikolova (2005) and Ribanova et al. (2003) presented for
internalDataBase(ThermoSciencesMassLibrary,USA). carp the FAfollowed relative pattern with MUFA> SFA> PUFAwhich
are similar to our data. Jabeen and Chaudhry (2010) showed a
Statisticalanalysis different pattern of FA profile of carp fish species from Indus River,
Total lipid content of edible tissue was determined for each e.g. SFA> MUFA> PUFAwich is a response to specificity of the local
-1
group (n=5) and the results were presented as g.100g raw tissue aquatic ecosystem. Our studied of FA composition on the rainbow
-1
trout are different to the information presented by Ribanova et al.
(g.100g r.t.). Standard curves for FA were obtained using five
(2003) and Saglik (2007), but are close to the data shown by
different concentrations of standard solutions. For the determination
Haliloglu et al. (2002) and other of our earlier studies on FA
of the recoveries, samples of homogenized fish tissue were spike
compositiononrainbowtrout(e.g.PUFA>SFA>MUFA)(Stancheva
withamethanolicsolutioncontainingnonadecanoicacid(1mg/ml).
et al., 2010). Grey mullet as high migratory fish species presented
Three replicate GC analyses were performed and the results
different FA pattern in our investigation in contrast to other
were expressed in GC area wt percentage as a mean value and ±
publication (Sengor et al., 2003; Bayir et al., 2006; Guler et al., 2008;
standard deviation (SD). The significant differences of total lipids
Pirestani et al., 2010). Table 2 presents the fatty acid composition of
(P<0.0001) were observed. The significant variations of results for
analysed fish species. The FA composition of tissue lipids in fish is
FA analyses were considered at P<0.0001. Data were analysed
influenced by the FA in their dietary lipids (Tocher, 2003). The data
usingGraphPadPrism5program.
showedthattheamountofFAvariedwidelyamongthespeciesbutin
most studies the palmitic (C 16:0) and stearic (C 18:0) acids are the
predominant SFA(Fajmonova et al., 2003; Tocher, 2003; Saglik and
Resultsanddiscussion
Guven, 2007; Ozogul and Ozogul, 2007). In our analysis palmityc
acid was the primary SFAfollowed by stearic and myristic acids but
Totallipidcontent
we observed also significant levels of nervonic acid (C24:0) for trout
The lowest total lipid (TL) content was found in grey mullet
and grey mullet species. In our study the highest level for palmitic
-1 -
(3.800.07g.100 gr.t.)followedbytherainbowtrout(11.500.55g.100
acid was observed in grey mullet (30.40% of total FA) whereas the
1 -1
g r.t.), whereas the carp (12.74 0.75g.100 g r.t.) was the fish with
trout was the fish with the lowest level (12.95% of total FA) therefore
the highest content of TL. Sengor et al. (2003); Pirestani et al.,
large differences in SFA groups in this species were observed. On
(2010) and Bayir et al. (2006) determined higher TL values for grey
the contary, Haliloglu et al. (2002) described that the several trout
-1
mullet (4.15 to 5.15 g.100 g r.t.) compared with our result.Atanasov species have the higher levels of palmitic acid ranging from 18.30 to
-1
et.al.(2009)reported10.5-12.5g.100 gr.t.TLforcarpand4.4upto 23.00% of the total FA. Sengor et al., (2003) reported that Aegean
-1
5.0 g.100 g r.t. TL for rainbow trout witch are similar to our data. On grey mullet have lower level of palmitic acid (20.30%) compared to
the contrary, Ribanova et al. (2003) accounted twice as low TL our data. Kalionchu et al. (2010) found that palmitic acid has lower
-1
content in carp (5.80 g. 100 g r.t.). Saglik et al. (2007) described for level(19.50%)intheIzmirDamLakecarpthatourresult.
-1
rainbow trout 7.2 g. 100 g r.t. TL, whereas Jabeen and Chaundhry The major classes of unsaturated fatty acids in nature are
-1
(2010) found 14.0 g. 100 g r .t. TL for carp which confirm the omega-9, omega-6 and omega-3, represented by oleic, linoleic and
hypothesis of Hadjinikolova (2005) that carp fish lipid levels a α-linolenic acids, respectively (Henderson and Tocher, 1987;
stronglydependofthetypeofdiet. Tocher, 2003). The amounts of unsaturated FA as MUFAs vary
especially in wild fish (Ozogul and Ozogul, 2007; Saglik and Guven,
Table 1. Biometric and biologic characteristics of analysed Bulgarian fish species
Fish species
Mean total weight
(g) ± SD
Mean stand length
(cm) ± SD
Habitat
Pelagic Demersal
Herby
vorous
Omni
vorous
Food habits
Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (n=3 )
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (n=3 )
Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) (n=3 )
1460.0 ± 160.0
342.0 ± 25.0
290.0 ± 10.0
55.0 ± 5.0
28.0 ± 2.0
35.0 ± 2.5
-
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
Weight and length data are presents as mean ±SD
8. 287
2007; Kalionchu et al., 2010). In consequence, the percentage of Fish is known to be a rich source of the unique PUFAs of the
this FA appeared did not similar in the observed fishes. The highest omega-3 family, including both EPA and DHA. Recent studies have
total MUFAs value was found for carp (47.98%), whereas the lowest suggested that the dietary consumption of fish may favourably
- for grey mullet (22.75%). This was due to high concentration of influence a number of biological factors associated with
oleic acid (C 18:1) (8.56 – 36.53%) which was the main MUFAs cardiovasculardisease(independentofblood-cholesterollowering).
(especiallyincarp),followedbypalmitoleicacid(C16:1).Ourresults In addition to cardiovascular disorders, there is evidence to suggest
are in agreement with the data presented by Haliloglu et al. (2002), that the consumption of fish may offer benefits in the management of
Sengor et al. (2003), Hadjinikolova (2005) and Kalionchu et al. individuals with inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid
(2010), for MUFA. In the many studies (Ozogul and Ozogul, 2007; arthritis,psoriasis,etc.(SimopoulusandCleland,2003).
Saglik and Guven, 2007; Guler et al., 2008) was reported that the In our investigation the major FAs identified as PUFAs was
oleicacid isthemainMUFAsinfreshwaterfishspecies,butthisfatty linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 ω -6) in all analysed species. Important long
acid has exogenous origin and usually reflects the type of diet of the – chain fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA),
fish. This is particularly well observed in grey mullet which is docosahexaenoic (DHA), Aa-alpha-linoleic (ALA) and arahidonic
migratory fish species and inhabits freshwater waters in spring and (ARA) acids were also found in significant levels mainly in rainbow
summer (Sengor et al., 2003). In contrast to some Mediterranean trout. The maximum value of DHA was obtained for rainbow trout
fish species as grey mullet (Mugul cephalus) and sardine (Sardinella (11.23%-whichis25%oftotalPUFAs),whereasthelowest-forcarp
aurita), the palmitoleic acid is presented at large amounts, (1.63%-whatis9.15%oftotalPUFAs).
respectively 17.00 % (mullet) and 12.00% (sardine) whereas oleic Fish generally need PUFAs to tolerate low water temperatures;
acidsareonly4.50%(OzogulandOzogul,2007). therefore, higher PUFA (especially DHA) concentrations are
Table 2. FA composition ( % of total FA) of trout, carp and grey mullet
SFA – saturated FA; MUFA – monounsaturated FA; PUFA – polyunsaturated FA. In the table are no presented FAs with
values lover than 0.05 % of total FA.
Fatty Acid Rainbow trout Common carp Grey mullet
C 12:0
C 14:0
C 16:0
C 17:0
C 18:0
C 20:0
C 21:0
C 22:0
C 23:0
C 24:0
Σ SFA
C 14:1
C 16:1
C 17:1
C 18:1 ω 9
C 20:1
C 22:1 ω 9
C 24:1
Σ MUFA
C 18:3 ω 6
C 18:2 ω 6
C 18:3 ω 3
C 20:5 ω 3
C 20:4 ω 6
C 20:2
C 20:3 ω 3
C 20:3 ω 6
C 22:6 ω 3
C 22:2
Σ PUFA
0.40±0.05
3.35±0.20
12.95±1.05
0.51±0.08
3.35±0.20
2.68±0.31
0.00
1.95±0.14
0.00
3.20±0.18
28.90
3.16±0.35
4.15±0.15
0.50±0.10
11.50±1.02
2.03±0.20
2.74±0.50
1.30±0.15
25.39
3.19±0.95
13.56±0.90
6.16±0.80
1.56±0.20
3.73±0.08
1.46±0.10
0.00
1.98±0.23
11.23±0.75
1.90±0.45
44.47
0.17±0.05
1.23±0.10
29.03±2.10
0.10±0.01
2.97±0.50
0.19±0.04
0.00
0.21±0.07
0.12±0.01
0.21±0.06
34.22
0.15±0.02
10.40±1.65
0.15±0.01
36.53±2.61
0.35±0.07
0.40±0.04
0.00
47.98
0.36±0.04
11.34±1.14
1.80±0.05
0.85±0.03
0.75±0.03
0.36±0.04
0.45±0.02
0.47±0.03
1.63±0.08
0.50±0.06
17.80
1.10±0.65
2.50±0.55
30.40±1.65
0.75±0.20
2.65±0.45
2.15±0.30
0.48±0.05
2.50±0.15
0.60±0.05
2.50±0.30
45.63
0.31±0.05
4.96±0.40
1.61±0.08
8.56±0.85
1.30±0.25
1.65±0.05
1.26±0.10
22.75
1.45±0.09
6.40±0.72
1.75±0.14
1.90±0.05
3.84±0.12
3.37±0.50
1.50±0.15
1.78±0.09
4.56±0.24
1.80±0.35
30.35
9. 288
expected in fish that live in cold environments such as rainbow trout Conclusion
(Haliloglu et al., 2002). In our study - both species – rainbow trout
and grey mullet EPA levels was found to be lower (1.56 % and 1.90 The total lipids and fatty acid composition of three fish species
%) compared to ARA values and only in carp a lower level for ARA was determinated. Qualitative and quantitative determination of 30
(0.75%) than EPA level was detected. Our results were similar with fattyacidswasdoneandtheseFAwereclassifiedintothreegroups–
those presented by Haliloglu et al. (2002), Sengor et al. (2003) SFA, MUFAs and PUFAs. The dominant group of fatty acids in
Hadjinikolova(2005)OzogulandOzogul(2007)forPUFAindifferent rainbow trout is PUFAs – about 44.47 % of all FA content, while in
fishspeciesandconfirmhighvariabilityinthisfattyacidgroup. carpthisgroupwasMUFAs–47.98%.IngreymullettheSFAgroups
Freshwater fish normally contain ω 6 PUFAs, whereas marine are presented in the highest level –45.63 %. The most important ω3
fish are rich in ω 3 fatty acids (Henderson and Tocher,1987; Tocher, fatty acids in PUFAs group are DHA and EPA and these were found
2003). The competitive inhibition of chain elongation and in significant concentration. The ω 3/ ω 6 ratios varies within the
desaturation of members from one series of fatty acids for members rangeof0.40upto0.84. Regardingtothelipidcontents,theω3/ω6
of another series is well established, with ω 3 > ω 6 being the usual and PUFA/SFA ratio we can conclude that those Bulgarian fish
order of potency for inhibition. Fish are able to synthesize the even- species identified in this study were found to be good sources of
chain, saturated fatty acids can convert 16:0 to the 16:1 ω 7 unsaturated FAand have good nutritional quality. In conclusion it's of
monoene and 18:0 to the 18:1 ω 9 monoene. However they are great interest to proceed with further investigation in that particular
unable to synthesize any fatty acids of the ω 6 and ω 3 series unless area especially expanding it with other local seawater and fresh
a precursor with this ω structure is present in the diet. The ability to water fish species from Bulgarian waters with their unique fatty acid
elongate and desaturate fatty acids is not the same in all species of compositions.
fish.(Thecompositionoffish.FAO,2005).
The results shown in Table 3 indicate that all fish species
analysed are characterized by high level of omega 6 FA series than Acknowledgment
omega 3 series. The total sum of omega 6 acids series of analysed
fishsamplesweredeterminedfrom12.92%forcarpupto22.46%for This study was financed by the National Science Fund, Ministry
rainbow trout (Table 3). Black Sea grey mullet was found to be the ofEducationandScienceofBulgaria(ProjectDVU440/2008).
riches in EPAand 20:3 ω 3 and this fish species can also serve as a
valuable source of essential fatty acids. These results agree with
those obtained in other studies conducted with seawater fish
References
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ofmethylestersoffattyacids.
(Culyer, 1994). Another results are in agreement with this
Fajmonova E, Zelenka J, Komprda T, Kladroba D and
requirement showing higher PUFA/SFA ratios for all studied fish
Sarmanova A, 2003. Effect of sex, growth intensity and heat
species (Table 3). The highest PUFA/SFA ratio was observed in the
treatment on FA composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
rainbowtrout,followedbygreymullet,whereasthelowestvaluewas
fillets.CzechJournalofAnimalScience,48,2,85-92.
found for carp. The most balanced PUFA/SFAratio was obtained for
FAO, 2005-2011. Fisheries and Aquaculture topics. Composition of
greymullet
ω 3
ω 6
ω 3/ ω 6
PUFA/SFA
18.95±0.60
22.46±0.85
0.84
1.54
4.73±0.32
12.92±0.55
0.40
0.52
Common carp
9.71±0.40
13.47±0.60
0.74
0.70
Grey mullet
Table 3. PUFA/SFA and n6/n3 ratios, total sum of ω 3 and ω 6 content in fish species
Fatty Acids Rainbow trout
10. 289
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.http://www.fao.org/fishery/topic/12318/. Pirestani S, Sahari M and Barzegar M, 2010. Fatty acid changes
Guler G, Kiztanir B and Aktumsek A, 2008. Determination of the during frozen storage in several fist species from South Caspian
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of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) muscle lipids in Beysehir Lake (Turkey). Ribanova F, Zanev R, Shishkov S and Rizav N, 2003. ά-
FoodChemistry,108,689-694. Tocopherol, fatty acids and their correlations in Bulgarian foodstuffs.
HaliloğluH,ArasNandYetimH,2002.Compositionofmusclefatty JournalofFoodCompositionandAnalysis,16,659-667.
acids of Three Trout Sprcies (Salvelinus alpinus, Salmo trutta fario, Saglik A and Guven K, 2007. Comparison of fatty acid contents of
Oncorhynchus mykiss) raised under the same conditions. Turkish wild and cultured rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey.
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Hadjinikolova L, 2004. The influence of nutritive lipid sources on Sengor G, Ozden O, Erkan N, Tuter M and Aksoy H, 2003. Fatty
the growt and chemical and fatty acid composition of carp (Cyprinus acid compositions of Flathead Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus L., 1758)
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Hearn TL, Sgoutas SA, Hearn JA and Sgoutas DS, 1987. andAquanticScience,3,93-96.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid and fat in fish flesh for selecting species Simopoulos L and Cleland L, 2003. Importance of the Ratio of
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Henderson RJ and Tocher DR, 1987. The lipid composition and Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio: The Scientific
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11. CONTENTS 1 / 1
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 3, No 3, 2011
Genetics and Breeding
Selection of oil-bearing rose in Bulgaria – tendencies and perspective
N. Kovatcheva
Combining ability of mutant maize line. I. Number of rows in the ear
M. Ilchovska
Freezing of day 5 and 6 sheep and goat embryos of Greek breeds
A. Pampukidou, , M. Avdi, R. Ivanova T. Alifakiotis
Investigation on some seed characteristics among sunflower lines and hybrids
M. Drumeva, N. Nenova, E. Penchev
Determination of coloured horses raised in Turkey
O. Yilmaz, M. Ertugrul
Nutrition and Physiology
Effects of different levels of dietary digestible amino acids on nitrogen retention and excretion in Topigs pig hybrids
A. Ilchev, G. Ganchev
Development of the caecal microbiota in rabbits weaned at different age
B. Bivolarski, G. Beev, S. A. Denev, E. Vachkova, T. Slavov
Consumption of dissolved oxygen in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
I. Sirakov, Y. Staykov , G. Djanovski
Effect of coconut oil on rumen and duodenal ammonia concentrations and some blood biochemistry parameters in yearling rams
V. Radev, T. Slavov, E. Enev, I. Varlyakov
Pharmacokinetics of tiamulin and chlortetracycline after application of Tetramutin-premix in pigs
D. Dimitrova V. Кatsarov, D. Dimitrov, D. Tsoneva
Production Systems
Research effect of application of herbicides raft 400 SC for growing of lavender
D. Angelova, H. Lambev
Defining the critical kinematic parameters of rotary harrow with vertical axis of rotation
D. Guglev
Development and experimental study of the maximum temperature potential of a solar thermal module for driving of an absorption
air-conditioning machine
K. Peychev, R. Georgiev
Histometrical investigation on the turkey broiler’s third eyelid (Harderian) gland
D. Dimitrov
Study of the tolerance of alfalfa varieties (Medicago Sativa L) to Sitona species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
I. Nikolova, N. Georgieva
Productive performance and quality of essential oil from oil bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill) for use of oxadiargyl
D. Angelova
Study of the thermal efficiency of a solar thermal module at different mounting angles
R. Georgiev, K. Peychev
Behavior of apple rootstock M9 produced by somatic organogenesis in stoolbed
G. Dobrevska
Agriculture and Environment
Effect of experimentally polluted water on the stomatal and structural characteristics on the leaves of two varieties of Triticum
aestivum L. grown on different soil types
K. Velichkova, D. Pavlov, D. Ninova
Ecological assessment of Cr (VI) concentrations in the surface waters of Stara Zagora Region used in agriculture
N. Georgieva, Z. Yaneva, D. Dermendzhieva, V. Kotokova
Effect of shooting on the structure of population of golden jackal (Canis аureus L.) in Sarnena Sredna Gora mountain
E. Raichev
Product Quality and Safety
Chemical surface disinfection of funnel type fish egg incubators
A. Atanasov, N. Rusenova,Y. Staykov, G. Nikolov, A. Pavlov, D. Stratev, E. Raichev
Fatty acid composition of common carp, rainbow trout and grey mullet fish species
M. Stancheva, A. Merdzhanova
189
193
196
199
203
207
212
220
224
229
235
237
240
269
246
249
254
257
261
265
276
281
285
12. Instructionforauthors
Preparationofpapers
Papers shall be submitted at the editorial
office typed on standard typing pages (A4,
30 lines per page, 62 characters per line).
The editors recommend up to 15 pages for
full research paper ( including abstract
references, tables, figures and other
appendices)
The manuscript should be structured as
follows: Title, Names of authors and
affiliation address, Abstract, List of
keywords, Introduction, Material and
methods, Results, Discussion,
Conclusion, Acknowledgements (if any),
References,Tables,Figures.
The title needs to be as concise and
informative about the nature of research. It
should be written with small letter /bold, 14/
withoutanyabbreviations.
Names and affiliation of authors
The names of the authors should be
presented from the initials of first names
followed by the family names. The
complete address and name of the
institution should be stated next. The
affiliation of authors are designated by
different signs. For the author who is going
to be corresponding by the editorial board
and readers, an E-mail address and
telephone number should be presented as
footnote on the first page. Corresponding
authorisindicatedwith*.
Abstract should be not more than 350
words. It should be clearly stated what new
findings have been made in the course of
research. Abbreviations and references to
authors are inadmissible in the summary. It
should be understandable without having
read the paper and should be in one
paragraph.
Keywords: Up to maximum of 5 keywords
should be selected not repeating the title
but giving the essence of study.
The introduction must answer the
following questions: What is known and
what is new on the studied issue? What
necessitated the research problem,
described in the paper? What is your
hypothesisandgoal?
Material and methods: The objects of
research, organization of experiments,
chemical analyses, statistical and other
methods and conditions applied for the
experiments should be described in detail.
Acriterionofsufficientinformationistobe
possible for others to repeat the
experimentinordertoverifyresults.
Results are presented in understandable
tables and figures, accompanied by the
statistical parameters needed for the
evaluation. Data from tables and figures
should not be repeated in the text.
Tables should be as simple and as few as
possible. Each table should have its own
explanatory title and to be typed on a
separate page. They should be outside the
main body of the text and an indication
should be given where it should be
inserted.
Figures should be sharp with good
contrast and rendition. Graphic materials
should be preferred. Photographs to be
appropriate for printing. Illustrations are
supplied in colour as an exception after
special agreement with the editorial board
and possible payment of extra costs. The
figures are to be each in a single file and
their location should be given within the
text.
Discussion: The objective of this section
is to indicate the scientific significance of
the study. By comparing the results and
conclusions of other scientists the
contribution of the study for expanding or
modifying existing knowledge is pointed
out clearly and convincingly to the reader.
Conclusion: The most important conse-
quences for the science and practice
resulting from the conducted research
should be summarized in a few sentences.
The conclusions shouldn't be numbered
and no new paragraphs be used.
Contributions are the core of conclusions.
References:
In the text, references should be cited as
follows: single author: Sandberg (2002);
two authors: Andersson and Georges
(2004); more than two authors: Andersson
et al.(2003). When several references are
cited simultaneously, they should be
ranked by chronological order e.g.:
(Sandberg, 2002; Andersson et al., 2003;
Andersson and Georges, 2004).
References are arranged alphabetically by
the name of the first author. If an author is
cited more than once, first his individual
publications are given ranked by year, then
come publications with one co-author, two
co-authors, etc. The names of authors,
article and journal titles in the Cyrillic or
alphabet different from Latin, should be
transliterated into Latin and article titles
should be translated into English.
The original language of articles and books
translatedintoEnglishisindicatedin
parenthesis after the bibliographic
reference (Bulgarian = Bg, Russian = Ru,
Serbian = Sr, if in the Cyrillic, Mongolian =
Мо, Greek = Gr, Georgian = Geor.,
Japanese = Jа, Chinese = Ch,Arabic = Аr,
etc.)
The following order in the reference list is
recommended:
Journal articles: Author(s) surname and
initials, year. Title. Full title of the journal,
volume,pages.Example:
Simm G, Lewis RM, Grundy B and
Dingwall WS, 2002. Responses to
selection for lean growth in sheep. Animal
Science,74,39-50
Books: Author(s) surname and initials,
year. Title. Edition, name of publisher,
place of publication. Example:
Oldenbroek JK, 1999. Genebanks and
the conservation of farm animal genetic
resources, Second edition. DLO Institute
for Animal Science and Health,
Netherlands.
Book chapter or conference proceedings:
Author(s) surname and initials, year. Title.
In: Title of the book or of the proceedings
followed by the editor(s), volume, pages.
Name of publisher, place of publication.
Example:
Mauff G, Pulverer G, Operkuch W,
Hummel K and Hidden C, 1995. C3-
variants and diverse phenotypes of
unconverted and converted C3. In:
Provides of the Biological Fluids (ed. H.
Peters), vol. 22, 143-165, Pergamon
Press.Oxford,UK.
Todorov N and Mitev J, 1995. Effect of
leveloffeedingduringdryperiod,andbody
condition score on reproductive
th
performance in dairy cows, IX
International Conference on Production
Diseases in Farm Animals, Sept.11 – 14,
Berlin, Germany, p. 302 (Abstr.).
Thesis:
Penkov D, 2008. Estimation of metabolic
energy and true digestibility of amino acids
of some feeds in experiments with muscus
duck (Carina moshata, L). Thesis for DSc.
Agrarian University, Plovdiv, 314 pp.
The Editorial Board of the Journal is not
responsible for incorrect quotes of
reference sources and the relevant
violationsofcopyrights.
13. Volume 3, Number 3
September 2011
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