F3 chapter 3
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The document discusses human and plant excretion. It describes the three human excretory organs - skin, lungs, and kidneys, and their excretory materials and processes. The structure and function of the kidney and urinary system are explained in detail. Maintaining healthy kidneys is important to avoid disease. Kidney failure can be treated through dialysis or transplant. Plants excrete through their cell walls and stomata by diffusion and crystallization of minerals.
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F3 chapter 3
- 2. Chapter 3 : Excretion 3.1 Human Excretion Human excretion Excretory organs and excretory products The importance of excretion 3.2 The Urinary Systems in Humans The human urinary system Structure of the kidney Function of the kidney Importance of maintaining healthy kidneys Living with kidney failure 3.3 Excretion in Plants Excretion in plants Menu ExitForwardPreviousBM Version
- 3. 3.1 Human Excretion3.1 Human Excretion Excretion is a process which organisms undergo to eliminating toxic substances from the body to remain healthy The urinary system eliminates wastes from the blood and controls blood concentration by removing excess water produced by body cells via respiration The three excretory organs of a human are skin, lungs and kidneys Menu ExitForwardPreviousBM Version
- 4. 3.1 Human Excretion Skin Method of excretion : Produces sweat Excretory materials : Water, urea and mineral salts Excretory organs and excretory products Hair Sweat pore Sweat duct Sweat gland Blood capillary Menu ExitForwardPreviousContinue BM Version
- 5. 3.1 Human Excretion Lungs Method of excretion : Releases water vapour Excretory materials : Water and carbon dioxide Trachea Lungs Bronchus Bronchiole Alveolus Menu ExitForwardPreviousContinue BM Version
- 6. 3.1 Human Excretion Kidneys Method of excretion : Produces urine Excretory materials : Water, urea and salts Vena cava Aorta Left kidney Right kidney Menu ExitForwardPreviousBM Version
- 7. 3.1 Human Excretion To maintain health To regulate blood concentration To regulate body temperature The importance of excretion Menu ExitForwardPreviousBM Version
- 8. 3.2 The Human Urinary System The human urinary system Excretory organ that removes wastes from the blood into the urine Kidney Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder Ureter Temporary storage for the urine before removal Bladder Tube that carries urine from the bladder for removal Urethra Menu ExitForwardPreviousBM Version
- 9. 3.2 The Urinary System in Humans Structure of the kidney Kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system Human kidneys are bean-shaped and are reddish brown Renal artery Capsule Cortex Pelvis Renal artery Renal vein Medulla Ureter Knot of blood capillaries Tubule Collecting duct Impured blood Cleaned blood Renal vein Ureter Menu ExitForwardPreviousBM Version
- 10. 3.2 The Urinary System in Humans Functions of the kidney To filter blood and remove urea, excess mineral salts and water to form urine Keep the water and mineral contents of our body in balance Control the amount of mineral salts in the body fluid To maintain the pH of blood and tissue fluid Menu ExitForwardPreviousBM Version
- 11. 3.2 The Urinary System in Humans Importance of maintaining healthy kidneys To avoid kidney diseases and kidney failure Ways to maintain healthy kidney’s * Drinking plenty of water * Avoid taking food and medicine that harm the kidneys * Limiting salt and protein intake * Taking urine and blood tests Menu ExitForwardPreviousBM Version
- 12. 3.2 The Urinary System in Humans Living with kidney failure Two ways to treat kidney failure: * Dialysis (a) Carried out with the use of a machine (b) Blood is withdrawn from an artery in the arm or leg and is circulated through the machine before being returned to the same vein * Kidney transplant Menu ExitForwardPreviousBM Version
- 13. 3.3 Excretion in Plants Plants excrete water, mineral salts, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other nitrogenous wastes Plants excrete their waste products by simple diffusion through the cell wall and through the stomata Mineral salts are remove mainly through crystal formation in the plant Nitrogenous wastes in plants are normally removed as complex substances. These substances are removed when plants shed their flowers, leaves or bark Menu ExitForwardPreviousBM Version
- 14. The End
- 15. KeluarVersi BI
- 16. Bab 3 : PerkumuhanBab 3 : Perkumuhan 3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Perkumuhan manusia Organ perkumuhan dan hasil perkumuhan Kepentingan perkumuhan 3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Sistem urinari manusia Struktur ginjal Fungsi ginjal Kepentingan mengekalkan ginjal yang sihat Hidup dengan kegagalan ginjal 3.3 Perkumuhan dalam Tumbuhan Perkumuhan dalam tumbuhan KeluarVersi BI
- 17. 3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Perkumuhan adalah proses menyingkirkan bahan toksik daripada badan untuk mengekalkan kesihatan sebarang organisma Sistem urinari menyingkirkan bahan buangan daripada darah dan mengawal kepekatan darah dengan menyingkirkan lebihan air yang terhasil oleh sel badan melalui respirasi Tiga organ perkumuhan manusia ialah kulit, peparu dan ginjal KeluarVersi BI
- 18. 3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Kulit Kaedah perkumuhan : Menghasilkan peluh Bahan kumuh : Air, urea dan garam mineral Organ perkumuhan dan hasil perkumuhan Rambut Liang peluh Salur peluh Kelenjar peluh Kapilari darah KeluarVersi BI
- 19. 3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Peparu Kaedah perkumuhan : Membebaskan wap air Bahan kumuh : Air dan karbon dioksida Trakea Peparu Bronkus Bronkiol Alveolus KeluarVersi BI
- 20. 3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Ginjal Kaedah perkumuhan : Menghasilkan air kencing Bahan kumuh : Air, urea dan garam Vena kava Aorta Ginjal kiri Ginjal kanan KeluarVersi BI
- 21. 3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Mengekalkan kesihatan Mengawal kepekatan darah Mengawal suhu badan Kepentingan perkumuhan KeluarVersi BI
- 22. 3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Sistem urinari manusia Organ perkumuhan yang menyingkirkan bahan buangan daripada darah ke dalam air kencing Ginjal Tiub yang membawa air kencing daripada ginjal ke pundi kencing Ureter Simpanan sementara bagi air kencing sebelum disingkirkan Pundi kencing Tiub yang membawa air kencing daripada pundi kencing untuk disingkirkan Uretra KeluarVersi BI
- 23. 3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Struktur ginjal Ginjal adalah organ utama sistem urinari Ginjal manusia berbentuk kacang dang merah keperangan Arteri ginjal Kapsul Kortex Pelvis Arteri ginjal Vena ginjal Medulla Ureter Knot kapilari darah Tubul Salur pengumpul Darah tidak tulen Darah bersih Vena ginjal Ureter KeluarVersi BI
- 24. 3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Fungsi ginjal Menapis darah dan menyingkir urea, garam mineral berlebihan dan air yang membentuk air kencing Memastikan air dan mineral dalam badan kita seimbang Mengawal jumlah garam mineral dalam aliran badan Mengekalkan pH darah dan aliran tisu KeluarVersi BI
- 25. 3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Kepentingan mengekalkan ginjal yang sihat Mengelakkan penyakit ginjal dan kegagalan ginjal Cara mengekalkan kesihatan ginjal * Minum banyak air putih * Mengelakkan pengambilan makanan dan ubatan yang berbahaya kepada ginjal * Mengehadkan pengambilan garam dan protein * Mengambil ujian darah dan air kencing KeluarVersi BI
- 26. 3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Hidup dengan kegagalan ginjal Dua cara merawat kegagalan ginjal : * Dialisis (a) Mengeluarkan dengan menggunakan mesin (b) Darah dikeluarkan daripada arteri di lengan atau kaki dan diedarkan melalui mesin sebelum dikembalikan ke vena yang sama * Pemindahan ginjal KeluarVersi BI
- 27. 3.3 Perkumuhan dalam Tumbuhan3.3 Perkumuhan dalam Tumbuhan Tumbuhan mengkumuhkan air, garam mineral, oksigen, karbon dioksida dan buangan bernitrogen yang lain Tumbuhan mengkumuhkan bahan buangannya dengan cara pembauran ringkas melalui dinding sel dan stoma Garam mineral disingkirkan melalaui pembentukan hablur dalam tumbuhan Bahan bernitrogen dalam tumbuhan biasanya disingkirkan sebagai bahan komples,. Bahan- bahan ini disingkirkan apabila tumbuhan menggugurkan bunganya, daun atau kulit kayunya KeluarVersi BI
- 28. Tamat