The document provides details on the structure and function of the human circulatory system. It describes the structure of the heart including the four chambers and major blood vessels. It explains that the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood around the body. It also discusses the composition of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. The document outlines the pathways of pulmonary and systemic circulation and defines the roles of arteries, veins and capillaries. It provides information on blood groups and compatibility for transfusions. The transport systems in plants including xylem and phloem are also summarized.
The document summarizes science as the systematic study of nature and how it affects the environment through careful observations, studies and investigations. It states that science can explain natural phenomena in the environment. The key details are provided in 3 concise sentences.
Final Year Examination Form 1 Science Paper eshwary76
1. This document contains a 14 question science exam for Form One students covering various topics in science.
2. Questions involve labeling diagrams, identifying processes, classifying organisms, explaining scientific phenomena such as light refraction and reflection, and describing systems like the carbon cycle.
3. Students are assessed on their understanding of topics like cell structure, reproduction in organisms, human development, states of matter, separation techniques, and environmental issues like haze. Diagrams and diagrams are provided to aid comprehension.
This document contains a chapter on biodiversity from a biology textbook. It includes formative and summative practice questions on topics like organisms, ecosystems, food webs, and human impacts on biodiversity. Sample questions are provided on classifying organisms as vertebrates or invertebrates, comparing monocots and dicots, and describing interrelationships between producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem.
The document provides information about human anatomy and physiology related to respiration, circulation, excretion, and reproduction. It contains detailed descriptions and diagrams of the structures and processes involved. The document is authored by Ng Chee Kin and copyrighted in 2012.
This document discusses infectious and non-infectious diseases. Infectious diseases can spread from person to person through various mediums and vectors, while non-infectious diseases cannot. Common infectious diseases mentioned include influenza, ringworm, cholera, dengue, while examples of non-infectious diseases are cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. The document then examines in more detail how infectious diseases can be transmitted through water, air, touch, or vectors like mosquitoes and rats. It provides examples of specific diseases spread through each method. Finally, it outlines the body's defenses against pathogens like skin, saliva, mucus membranes, and how they help filter or kill microorganisms.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang kata hubung, yaitu perkataan yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata, frasa, atau kalimat. Ada tiga jenis kata hubung yaitu: 1) kata hubung gabungan, 2) kata hubung pancangan, 3) kata hubung berpasangan. Contoh kata hubung masing-masing jenis beserta penggunaannya dalam kalimat juga dijelaskan.
The document summarizes science as the systematic study of nature and how it affects the environment through careful observations, studies and investigations. It states that science can explain natural phenomena in the environment. The key details are provided in 3 concise sentences.
Final Year Examination Form 1 Science Paper eshwary76
1. This document contains a 14 question science exam for Form One students covering various topics in science.
2. Questions involve labeling diagrams, identifying processes, classifying organisms, explaining scientific phenomena such as light refraction and reflection, and describing systems like the carbon cycle.
3. Students are assessed on their understanding of topics like cell structure, reproduction in organisms, human development, states of matter, separation techniques, and environmental issues like haze. Diagrams and diagrams are provided to aid comprehension.
This document contains a chapter on biodiversity from a biology textbook. It includes formative and summative practice questions on topics like organisms, ecosystems, food webs, and human impacts on biodiversity. Sample questions are provided on classifying organisms as vertebrates or invertebrates, comparing monocots and dicots, and describing interrelationships between producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem.
The document provides information about human anatomy and physiology related to respiration, circulation, excretion, and reproduction. It contains detailed descriptions and diagrams of the structures and processes involved. The document is authored by Ng Chee Kin and copyrighted in 2012.
This document discusses infectious and non-infectious diseases. Infectious diseases can spread from person to person through various mediums and vectors, while non-infectious diseases cannot. Common infectious diseases mentioned include influenza, ringworm, cholera, dengue, while examples of non-infectious diseases are cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. The document then examines in more detail how infectious diseases can be transmitted through water, air, touch, or vectors like mosquitoes and rats. It provides examples of specific diseases spread through each method. Finally, it outlines the body's defenses against pathogens like skin, saliva, mucus membranes, and how they help filter or kill microorganisms.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang kata hubung, yaitu perkataan yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata, frasa, atau kalimat. Ada tiga jenis kata hubung yaitu: 1) kata hubung gabungan, 2) kata hubung pancangan, 3) kata hubung berpasangan. Contoh kata hubung masing-masing jenis beserta penggunaannya dalam kalimat juga dijelaskan.
Senarai peribahasa dalam buku teks tingkatan 4Keymah Colonial
Dokumen tersebut berisi senarai peribahasa dalam buku teks tingkatan 4 dan 5 beserta maksudnya. Beberapa peribahasa memiliki maksud yang sama atau hampir sama, seperti "air dicencang tak akan putus" dan "carik-carik bulu ayam akhirnya bercantum jua" yang bermakna perbalahan antara saudara tidak akan berlangsung lama. Dokumen ini juga memberikan contoh peribahasa yang padanan maknanya.
1) The document discusses sexual and asexual reproduction in humans. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, while asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve gametes.
2) It also describes the male and female reproductive systems, including the structures and functions of the testes, ovaries, sperm, and egg. Changes during puberty are also outlined.
3) The menstrual cycle, fertilization process, development of the embryo and fetus, and importance of prenatal care are explained in detail. Risks of smoking, drinking alcohol and inadequate nutrition during pregnancy are highlighted.
All living organisms are made of cells, which are the basic units of life. Cells come in different sizes and shapes, and can function independently to grow, respire, divide and excrete waste. Theodor Schwann asserted in 1839 that plants and animals are composed of cells. Cells are either unicellular, like bacteria, or multicellular, like humans, and organize into tissues, organs and body systems. The human body contains various cell types that perform specialized functions.
1) The document provides guidance on answering physics questions involving experiments. It suggests including an inference, hypothesis, aim, variables, apparatus, procedure, data table, and graph in the answer.
2) A sample question involves stopping distance and relates mass to inertia. The suggested answer structure includes an inference about mass and inertia, a hypothesis testing their relationship, and an experiment using a jigsaw blade, plasticine balls of varying mass, and a stopwatch.
3) The procedure specifies controlling mass, measuring oscillation period, and repeating with different plasticine masses to obtain data for a graph analyzing the relationship between mass and period.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang kata adjektif dan jenis-jenisnya. Kata adjektif digunakan untuk menjelaskan sifat atau keadaan sesuatu. Terdapat delapan jenis kata adjektif yaitu sifat/keadaan, warna, ukuran, bentuk, pancaindera, waktu, jarak, dan perasaan. Kata adjektif dapat diperkuat dengan kata penguat seperti "sangat", "amat", "paling".
This document discusses the periodic table and classification of elements. It defines atoms and molecules, and differentiates between elements and compounds. Atoms are the smallest particles of elements, while molecules are made of two or more atoms combined together. Elements are pure substances made of one type of atom, while compounds can be broken down into their constituent elements. The document also describes the positioning of metals, non-metals and inert gases in the periodic table, and compares the characteristics and common uses of some metals like aluminum, iron, copper, gold and silver.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pentingnya mempromosikan keragaman dan inklusi di tempat kerja. Perusahaan harus menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung semua orang tanpa memandang latar belakang mereka. Hal ini akan meningkatkan produktivitas dan kreativitas karyawan.
The document discusses the variety of minerals found in the Earth's crust, including both natural elements like gold and silver as well as natural compounds like bauxite and magnetite. It also covers the reactivity series of metals and how more reactive metals must be extracted from their ores using methods like heating with carbon or electrolysis, while less reactive metals can be found in purer form. A variety of everyday uses for common minerals are presented, along with the environmental impacts that can result from mining activities.
1. The document provides an introduction to science, discussing topics like what science is, the scientific method, and laboratory equipment.
2. It also covers cells as the basic unit of life, explaining the structures and functions of plant and animal cells.
3. The document discusses the states and properties of matter, and differentiates among elements, compounds, and mixtures.
The document provides information about the human respiratory, circulatory, excretory, and reproductive systems. It discusses topics like respiration, oxygen transport, blood circulation, the menstrual cycle, fertilization, and pregnancy. It also covers plant processes like transpiration, transport systems, and reproduction. The document contains diagrams to illustrate concepts like the pathway of air during breathing, the heart, blood vessels, and the male and female reproductive systems.
This document provides information about solving triangles using trigonometric ratios (sine rule and cosine rule) and calculating areas of triangles. It includes examples of using the sine rule and cosine rule to calculate missing side lengths and angles of triangles. It also discusses the formula for calculating the area of any triangle using sine of the angles and side lengths. Exercises are provided for students to practice applying these concepts and formulas to solve multi-step triangle problems.
Berdasarkan dokumen, terdapat beberapa poin penting:
1. Dokumen membahaskan tentang tamadun-tamadun awal di Asia seperti Tamadun Indus, Yunani, Rom, India, dan China serta sumbangan mereka dalam bidang pertanian, pendidikan, keagamaan, dan seni bina.
2. Dokumen juga membahas tentang tamadun-tamadun di Asia Tenggara seperti petempatan awal, peranan pertanian, dan pencapaian masyarakat aw
This document contains notes and formulae on solid geometry, circle theorems, polygons, factorisation, expansion of algebraic expressions, algebraic formulae, linear inequalities, statistics, significant figures and standard form, quadratic expressions and equations, sets, mathematical reasoning, straight lines, and trigonometry. The key concepts covered include formulas for calculating the volume and surface area of various 3D shapes, properties of angles in circles and polygons, factorising and expanding algebraic expressions, solving linear and quadratic equations, set notation and Venn diagrams, types of logical arguments, equations of straight lines, and defining the basic trigonometric ratios.
Mathematics Form 1-Chapter 8 lines and angles KBSM of form 3 chp 1 ...KelvinSmart2
This document contains notes on lines and angles from mathematics Form 3. It reviews concepts from Form 1 such as classifying angles and defining parallel and perpendicular lines. It then introduces new concepts like transversals, corresponding angles, interior angles, and alternate angles formed when a line crosses two parallel lines. It provides examples of using angle properties to solve problems involving triangles and quadrilaterals. Finally, it includes sample exercises involving finding missing angle measures using the properties of parallel lines crossed by a transversal.
Phsiyological structure and life process Suresh Chaudhary.docxsureshchaudhary72
The document summarizes the circulatory system, including the components of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. It describes:
1) Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). It functions to transport nutrients, oxygen, waste, and more throughout the body.
2) Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
3) The heart is composed of four chambers and pumps blood through two circulations - systemic and pulmonary. It has four valves that prevent backflow of blood. The left ventricle wall
Chapter 2 Blood Circulation and TransportationBrandon Loo
The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body via arteries, veins and capillaries. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. The document provides details on the structure and function of the heart, blood vessels, blood composition and the importance of blood donation.
Senarai peribahasa dalam buku teks tingkatan 4Keymah Colonial
Dokumen tersebut berisi senarai peribahasa dalam buku teks tingkatan 4 dan 5 beserta maksudnya. Beberapa peribahasa memiliki maksud yang sama atau hampir sama, seperti "air dicencang tak akan putus" dan "carik-carik bulu ayam akhirnya bercantum jua" yang bermakna perbalahan antara saudara tidak akan berlangsung lama. Dokumen ini juga memberikan contoh peribahasa yang padanan maknanya.
1) The document discusses sexual and asexual reproduction in humans. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, while asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve gametes.
2) It also describes the male and female reproductive systems, including the structures and functions of the testes, ovaries, sperm, and egg. Changes during puberty are also outlined.
3) The menstrual cycle, fertilization process, development of the embryo and fetus, and importance of prenatal care are explained in detail. Risks of smoking, drinking alcohol and inadequate nutrition during pregnancy are highlighted.
All living organisms are made of cells, which are the basic units of life. Cells come in different sizes and shapes, and can function independently to grow, respire, divide and excrete waste. Theodor Schwann asserted in 1839 that plants and animals are composed of cells. Cells are either unicellular, like bacteria, or multicellular, like humans, and organize into tissues, organs and body systems. The human body contains various cell types that perform specialized functions.
1) The document provides guidance on answering physics questions involving experiments. It suggests including an inference, hypothesis, aim, variables, apparatus, procedure, data table, and graph in the answer.
2) A sample question involves stopping distance and relates mass to inertia. The suggested answer structure includes an inference about mass and inertia, a hypothesis testing their relationship, and an experiment using a jigsaw blade, plasticine balls of varying mass, and a stopwatch.
3) The procedure specifies controlling mass, measuring oscillation period, and repeating with different plasticine masses to obtain data for a graph analyzing the relationship between mass and period.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang kata adjektif dan jenis-jenisnya. Kata adjektif digunakan untuk menjelaskan sifat atau keadaan sesuatu. Terdapat delapan jenis kata adjektif yaitu sifat/keadaan, warna, ukuran, bentuk, pancaindera, waktu, jarak, dan perasaan. Kata adjektif dapat diperkuat dengan kata penguat seperti "sangat", "amat", "paling".
This document discusses the periodic table and classification of elements. It defines atoms and molecules, and differentiates between elements and compounds. Atoms are the smallest particles of elements, while molecules are made of two or more atoms combined together. Elements are pure substances made of one type of atom, while compounds can be broken down into their constituent elements. The document also describes the positioning of metals, non-metals and inert gases in the periodic table, and compares the characteristics and common uses of some metals like aluminum, iron, copper, gold and silver.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pentingnya mempromosikan keragaman dan inklusi di tempat kerja. Perusahaan harus menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung semua orang tanpa memandang latar belakang mereka. Hal ini akan meningkatkan produktivitas dan kreativitas karyawan.
The document discusses the variety of minerals found in the Earth's crust, including both natural elements like gold and silver as well as natural compounds like bauxite and magnetite. It also covers the reactivity series of metals and how more reactive metals must be extracted from their ores using methods like heating with carbon or electrolysis, while less reactive metals can be found in purer form. A variety of everyday uses for common minerals are presented, along with the environmental impacts that can result from mining activities.
1. The document provides an introduction to science, discussing topics like what science is, the scientific method, and laboratory equipment.
2. It also covers cells as the basic unit of life, explaining the structures and functions of plant and animal cells.
3. The document discusses the states and properties of matter, and differentiates among elements, compounds, and mixtures.
The document provides information about the human respiratory, circulatory, excretory, and reproductive systems. It discusses topics like respiration, oxygen transport, blood circulation, the menstrual cycle, fertilization, and pregnancy. It also covers plant processes like transpiration, transport systems, and reproduction. The document contains diagrams to illustrate concepts like the pathway of air during breathing, the heart, blood vessels, and the male and female reproductive systems.
This document provides information about solving triangles using trigonometric ratios (sine rule and cosine rule) and calculating areas of triangles. It includes examples of using the sine rule and cosine rule to calculate missing side lengths and angles of triangles. It also discusses the formula for calculating the area of any triangle using sine of the angles and side lengths. Exercises are provided for students to practice applying these concepts and formulas to solve multi-step triangle problems.
Berdasarkan dokumen, terdapat beberapa poin penting:
1. Dokumen membahaskan tentang tamadun-tamadun awal di Asia seperti Tamadun Indus, Yunani, Rom, India, dan China serta sumbangan mereka dalam bidang pertanian, pendidikan, keagamaan, dan seni bina.
2. Dokumen juga membahas tentang tamadun-tamadun di Asia Tenggara seperti petempatan awal, peranan pertanian, dan pencapaian masyarakat aw
This document contains notes and formulae on solid geometry, circle theorems, polygons, factorisation, expansion of algebraic expressions, algebraic formulae, linear inequalities, statistics, significant figures and standard form, quadratic expressions and equations, sets, mathematical reasoning, straight lines, and trigonometry. The key concepts covered include formulas for calculating the volume and surface area of various 3D shapes, properties of angles in circles and polygons, factorising and expanding algebraic expressions, solving linear and quadratic equations, set notation and Venn diagrams, types of logical arguments, equations of straight lines, and defining the basic trigonometric ratios.
Mathematics Form 1-Chapter 8 lines and angles KBSM of form 3 chp 1 ...KelvinSmart2
This document contains notes on lines and angles from mathematics Form 3. It reviews concepts from Form 1 such as classifying angles and defining parallel and perpendicular lines. It then introduces new concepts like transversals, corresponding angles, interior angles, and alternate angles formed when a line crosses two parallel lines. It provides examples of using angle properties to solve problems involving triangles and quadrilaterals. Finally, it includes sample exercises involving finding missing angle measures using the properties of parallel lines crossed by a transversal.
Phsiyological structure and life process Suresh Chaudhary.docxsureshchaudhary72
The document summarizes the circulatory system, including the components of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. It describes:
1) Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). It functions to transport nutrients, oxygen, waste, and more throughout the body.
2) Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
3) The heart is composed of four chambers and pumps blood through two circulations - systemic and pulmonary. It has four valves that prevent backflow of blood. The left ventricle wall
Chapter 2 Blood Circulation and TransportationBrandon Loo
The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body via arteries, veins and capillaries. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. The document provides details on the structure and function of the heart, blood vessels, blood composition and the importance of blood donation.
The document discusses the circulatory system in multicellular organisms. It begins by explaining that multicellular organisms need a transport system to distribute resources and remove waste throughout the body since diffusion is not efficient over large distances. The key components of the human circulatory system are then described in more detail, including the blood, blood vessels, and heart. The blood contains plasma and cellular components like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The heart pumps blood through a network of arteries, capillaries, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove carbon dioxide and wastes.
Here is a chart showing the components of human blood, their functions, and relative proportions by blood volume:
Component Function Proportion of blood volume
Plasma - Carries cells and molecules
- Maintains osmotic pressure
- Involved in clotting 55% (about 90% water)
Red blood cells - Carry oxygen to tissues
- Carry carbon dioxide from tissues 40%
White blood cells - Fight infection and disease <1%
- Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, etc.
Platelets - Involved in clotting process <1%
The major components that make up the formed elements (cells)
The circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, gases, and waste throughout the body via blood vessels and the heart. It is composed of the cardiovascular system including the heart, which pumps blood, and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers that receive and pump blood into and out of the lungs and body. Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets and carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removes waste. It flows through arteries, capillaries, and veins.
The document provides an overview of the human circulatory system. It begins with an introduction describing how circulation is important for transporting nutrients, oxygen, waste and more throughout the body. It then outlines the contents which will discuss blood and its components, the lymphatic system, the structure and function of the human heart, and double circulation. The human heart is described as a muscular organ located in the chest cavity between the lungs. It has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles, and valves that allow blood to flow in only one direction through the heart and vessels.
The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, and works to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and antibodies throughout the body while also removing waste. It consists of three main parts - the heart which pumps blood, blood which carries these materials, and a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries through which blood flows. The circulatory system can be divided into systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circulation. In systemic circulation, oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the heart to all body tissues via arteries before returning via veins. Pulmonary circulation occurs between the heart and lungs, while coronary circulation supplies the heart muscle.
The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and antibodies throughout the body while removing waste products such as carbon dioxide. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through three types of circulation - systemic, coronary, and pulmonary. Blood travels from the heart through arteries, to capillaries where exchange occurs, and returns to the heart via veins. The circulatory system is vital for sustaining life.
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart pumps oxygenated blood received from the lungs through arteries throughout the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart through veins in a closed loop. Blood is transported through increasingly smaller blood vessels from arteries to arterioles to capillaries where gas and nutrient exchange occurs through diffusion across the capillary walls before returning to the heart.
TRANSFER OF BLOOD THROUGH THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM THAT IS DOUBLE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD IN OUR HEART. HEART HAS THE JOB OF PUMPINGTHESE THINGS AROUND THE BODY. THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS MAKES UP THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. THE PPT INCLUDES THE FUNCTION OF VEIN CAPILLARIES AND ARTERY
Blood plasma is a straw-colored liquid that makes up 55% of blood volume. It contains water, proteins, glucose, clotting factors, and other dissolved substances. Plasma also transports proteins and electrolytes throughout the body while helping to fight infections. Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the circulatory system via arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins. White blood cells help the immune system fight pathogens. Platelets help the blood to clot and stop bleeding. Together, these components and blood vessels work to supply the body with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste.
Arteries take blood away from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick muscular walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood towards the heart and also have valves. The capillaries link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things plasma, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry oxygen; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and platelets to help blood clot.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through a closed system of arteries, capillaries and veins. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste between the blood and tissues. The circulatory system transports these materials throughout the body to sustain homeostasis.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through a closed system of arteries, capillaries and veins. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste between the blood and body tissues. The circulatory system transports these materials throughout the body to sustain homeostasis.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through a closed system of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones and more to tissues and removes waste. The three main components are the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers and pumps blood through a double circulatory pathway. Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma which each have important functions. Blood vessels include arteries, veins and capillaries which transport blood and facilitate gas and nutrient exchange.
CLASS 10 CH 5 Human Circulatory & Excretory System NOTES EX.pdfEXCELLENT CLASSES
The circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones throughout the body using the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through arteries, veins, and capillaries. It has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. Blood enters the right atrium from the body and enters the left atrium from the lungs. It then flows to the ventricles and is pumped back out through arteries. The circulatory system helps sustain organ systems and protects cells from pathogens. Waste products are also transported for removal from the body.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
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Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
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When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
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Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
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Slides from talk:
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
1. Science Form 3 note SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK Teacher zaidi@maher
CHAPTER 2: BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT
1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HUMAN
A. STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN HEART
Go to www.kidshealth.org/kid/body/mybody_SW.html click on `heart’..
1. General structure of the human heart:
a. The human heart is located inside the thoracic cavity, behind the
breastbone and between the left and the right lung.
b. The heart is cone-shape and its tip tilts slightly towards the left side
of our body.
BLOOD CIRCULATION
AND TRANSPORT
HUMAN BEING PLANTS
Function of heart
Structure of heart
Blood vessels: characteristics and functions
Oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood
Path of blood flow
Wilting
Transpiration: function of stomata, factors
affecting the rate, its roles
Xylem and phloem
Role of circulatory system
Constituents of blood and functions
Blood groups
Blood groups of donor and recipient
Importance of blood donation
2. Science Form 3 note SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK Teacher zaidi@maher
c. The heart has a mass of about 300 g and is built of thick and strong
cardiac muscle.
2. detailed structure of the human heart:
a. the human heart possesses four muscular chambers:
i. two chambers on the left side; left atrium and left ventricle
ii. two chambers on the right side; right atrium and right
b. the left and right chambers are separated by muscle known as
septum so that oxygenated blood does not combine with
deoxygenated blood.
c. Characteristics of the atrium and ventricle;
i. the ventricle has a larger volume of space than the atrium.
ii. The ventricle has a thicker wall than the atrium.
iii. The left ventricle is thicker and more muscular than the
right ventricle because this chamber pumps blood under
higher pressure to the entire body.
Draw figure 2.3 page 18
d. Each ventricle and atrium is linked to one big blood vessel:
i. the left atrium is joined to the pulmonary vein
ii. the right atrium is joined to the vena cava
iii. the left ventricle is joined to the aorta
iv. the right ventricle is joined to the pulmonary artery.
e. The one way flow of blood in the heart is controlled by three types of
valves.
i. bicuspid valve (or mitra valve) controls the one way blood flow
from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
ii. The tricuspid valve controls the one way blood flow from the
right atrium to the right ventricle.
iii. The semilunar valve controls the one way blood flow from the
left ventricle to the aorta as well as from the right ventricle
to the pulmonary artery.
3. Science Form 3 note SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK Teacher zaidi@maher
B. FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART
http://www.cct.um.edu.mt/1997/planet-science/heart/two.htm
http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/heart_anatomyandfunction.asp
http://www.becomehealthynow.com/article/bodycardioheart/687
1. The heart functions as strong muscular pump to:
a. collect deoxygenated blood (lacking oxygen) from the rest of the
body. Then, this blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs to
enriched with oxygen.
b. Collect oxygenated blood (enriched with oxygen) from the lungs. Then
this blood is pumped out of the heart to be transported throughout
the body.
2. the heart also plays a role in the human circulatory system to:
a. transport nutrients and oxygen to the body
b. transport excretory products such as carbon dioxide, urea and water
from the body cells to be removed from the body.
C. BLOOD VESSEL IN HUMANS PMR 04, 05
http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/BloodFlow/bloodflow1.html
1. blood vessels are tubes in the body that channel blood.
2. There are three types of blood vessel in the human body,
i. Artery (Pulmonary artery + aorta)
• Arteries transport blood from the heart to the body.
• Arteries have thick, muscled wall which are elastic to withstand
the high blood pressure inside.
• The aorta is the largest artery. Its transport blood out of the
heart. The aorta branches to form arteries.
ii. Vein (vena cava + Pulmonary vein)
• veins transport blood into the heart from the body.
• Veins have thin walls, are less muscular and elastic.
• The vena cava is the largest vein. It transports blood back to
the heart.
iii. blood capillary
• capillaries connect arteries to veins.
• A capillary is a very fine blood vessel. It has a permeable
membrane that is very thin, as it is only one cell thick. This
facilitates the exchange of gases, digested food and excretory
products through its walls.
4. Science Form 3 note SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK Teacher zaidi@maher
Draw figure 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6 page 19
3. Oxygenated blood differs from deoxygenated blood in characteristic and
content.
http://www.oximeter.org/pulseox/principles.htm
oxygenated blood difference deoxygenated blood
Bright red colour Dark red
Present Oxygen not present
not present
carbon dioxide present
High
the concentration of
digested food (like glucose
and acid amino)
low
not present waste products (like urea) present
artery and pulmonary vein blood vessel that carries it vein and pulmonary artery
deoxygenated blood has to be carried to the lungs to change it into oxygenated blood
D. BLOOD CIRCULATION PMR 04, 06, 07
http://www.antistax.com/com/Main/venenbeschw/venenfunktionen/blutkreislauf/circulation.jsp
1. The main function of the circulatory system is to transport
substances throughout the body.
2. There are two types of blood circulation in humans
a. pulmonary circulation
b. systemic circulation
3. Pulmonary circulation;
ii. pulmonary circulation consists of blood vessels that transport blood
from the lungs to the heart and vice versa.
iii. The function of pulmonary circulation is to ensure that blood with
insufficient oxygen receives a fresh supply oxygen in the lung.
4. systemic circulation
i. systemic circulation consists of all blood vessels involved in
the transport of blood from the heart to all parts of the
body, except the lungs and back to the heart again.
Draw figure 2.8 page 21 PMR 06, 07
5. Science Form 3 note SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK Teacher zaidi@maher
BLOOD CONTENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
1.. Blood consists of;
a. blood plasma
b. red blood cells
c. white blood cells
d. platelets (blood clotting cells)
a.. Blood plasma PMR 05
• Blood plasma contains blood cells and dissolved substances
such as minerals salts, digested food and gases.
• Plasma is the fluid component of blood which is light yellow.
• Plasma contains 92% water and 8% dissolved substances such as digested food
(glucose, amino acid and fatty acid); excretory products (carbon dioxide and
urea); protein (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen and antibody), vitamins and mineral
salts.
• Blood plasma transports digested food to cells and transports excretory
products such as urea, from body tissues to excretory organs.
• Functions of plasma
i. transports digested food such as glucose and amino acid to tissues for
assimilation and cellular respiration.
ii. Transport excretory products such as carbon dioxide and urea from
tissues to excretory organs to be eliminated.
iii. Distributes heat throughout the body to maintain body temperature at
37 0
C
b…red blood cells
* red blood cells have no nuclei.
* known as erythrocytes
* the cell is red because contains haemoglobin (a type of red pigment
which contains iron and protein)
* Red blood cells transport oxygen to the body cells.
* red blood cells are produced in bone marrow and can live up to 120 days.
Red blood cells that are old and will die and be destroyed in the liver and
lymph.
c.. White blood cells
* White blood cells have nuclei.
* known as leucocytes.
* defends the body against attack microorganisms. Some can produce antibodies
like antotoxins (to neutralise poisons or toxins), agglunitin (to clump bacteria),
6. Science Form 3 note SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK Teacher zaidi@maher
and lysine (to dissolve outer membrane of bacteria)
* produced in bone marrow and lymph nodes. The life span of white blood cells
varies from a few days to many months.
* Old white blood cells will be destroyed in the circulation of blood and
eliminated together with urine and faeces.
* White blood cells protect the body from infections caused by microorganisms.
* the lack of white blood cells causes deterioration in the body resistance
against disease.
* Uncontrolled and excess white blood cells will cause cancer of the blood and
known as leukaemia. A leukaemia patient gets infected and this can be fatal.
d… Platelets
• platelets are small bits of cells in the blood that do not have nuclei.
• Known as thrombocytes.
• A life span of a platelet is about ten days. Old platelet are destroyed in the
circulation of blood
• Platelets help clot blood.
• Excessive lack of platelets in the blood causes haemophilia. Haemophilia is a
type of genetic disorder that can cause continuous bleeding and prevent
clotting which can be fatal.
The types, functions and places of production as well as destruction of blood cells.
Type red blood cell white blood cell platelet
estimated size 8 m 10 m 2-3 m
presence of nucleus no nucleus have nucleus no nucleus
Function
transport oxygen
and carbon dioxide
protects body from
bacteria attack
helps clotting of
blood
place of production
short bone marrow
such as rib and
sternum
bone marrow and
lymph node
bone marrow
place of
destruction
liver and lymph circulation of blood circulation of blood
life span 120 days
a few days to many
months
10 days
number per cubic
millimetre (mm3
)
about 5 million about 7 million about 250 thousand
Draw figure 2.9 page 23
7. Science Form 3 note SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK Teacher zaidi@maher
BLOOD GROUP
http://www.nobel.se/medicine/educational/landsteiner/readmore.html
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0807940.html
http://www.comune.modena.it/associazioni/avis/scienze/igruppiingl/htm
1. human blood can be classified into four groups. These are A, B, AB and O.
2. A person with an O blood type can donate to people with O, A and AB blood
types.
3. Therefore, the O blood type is known as a universal donor.
4. A person with an O blood type can receive blood from only group O.
5. A person with an AB blood type can receive O, A, AB blood. PMR 04
6. Therefore, the AB blood type is known as a universal recipient.
7. A person with an AB blood type can donate only to group AB.
8. Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clotting or agglutination, which
is dangerous for the recipient.
Compatibility of blood among blood donors and recipients using ABO identification
system PMR 06
Blood group can donate blood to can receive blood from
AB AB AB, A, O, B
A A , AB A, O
B B, AB B, O
O AB, A, B, O O
TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANT PMR 08
1. The transport system in plants is known as the vascular system.
2. The vascular system is made up of two main types of vascular tissues, xylem
and phloem
3. The phloem is a tissue that transports food in the plant.
4. The xylem is a tissue that transports water and minerals
5. The phloem cell form the bark (outside) of the plant and the
xylem cells form the hardwood (inside).
6. Xylem and phloem are found in the root, stem and leaf of a plant.
8. Science Form 3 note SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK Teacher zaidi@maher
TRANSPIRATION
http://www.nelsonthornes.com/secondary/science/scinet/scinet/plants/water/stomata.htm
http://www.ddsci.com/stomata.htm
1. Transpiration is a process in which water is lost in the form of water. The
water vapour evaporates from the leaves of plants.
2. A stoma has two kidney shape guard cells that control the opening and
closing of the stoma and amount of gases and water vapour that travels
through them.
Tinggalkan 10 baris, cikgu akan bagi `handout’
3. Most of the water vapour lost through the stomata on the leaves.
Draw figure 2.10 page 26
4. The transpiration rate increase when the
a. temperature increases- more rapidly in the higher temperature
b. light intensity increases- more rapidly in the presence of light
c. wind speed increases- more rapidly in windy condition
d. humidity decreases- more rapidly in lower humidity
5. A potometer is an apparatus which is used to measure the rate of
transpiration in plants. (bubble photometer and weight photometer) PMR 08
6. In the bubble photometer, the rate of transpiration is determined by the
distance travelled by the air bubble over a period of time.
7. In the weight photometer, the rate of transpiration is determined by the
difference weight of photometer over a period of time.
8. Transpiration helps transport water and mineral salts from the roots to all
parts of the plant.
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS THROUGH THE XYLEM AND PHLOEM
http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570832/Transpiration.html
1. The xylem is a tube that transports water and mineral salts from the roots
to the leaves.
2. The phloem is a tube that transports food (glucose) from the leaf to the
stem and root. This food is manufactured in green leaves during the
photosynthesis process
Draw figure 2.16 page 31
9. Science Form 3 note SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK Teacher zaidi@maher
3. Xylem:
i. is a long hollow tissue strengthened by fibre. Fibre is the cellulose
building material from dead cells that does not contain protoplasm.
ii. Provides support to plants because it has thick and strong wall.
iii. Functions to transport water and mineral salts from the roots to the
rest of the plant.
4. Phloem:
i. is a soft tissue and rich with protoplasm.
ii. Functions to transport product of photosynthesis such as food (in the
form of glucose) from the leaf to other parts of the plant to be
stored or used.
KEYWORDS
English language Malay language
Agglutination
Atrium
Deoxygenated
Donor
double circulatory system
Oxygenated
Phloem
Recipient
Stomata
Transfusion
Transpiration
universal donor
universal recipient
Xylem
vena cava
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
Aorta
Deoxygenated
Oxygenated
Thick
less elastic
10. Science Form 3 note SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK Teacher zaidi@maher
GOOD LUCK in your PMR 2010
Try this: Glossary:
Bil concept Meaning
1 Artery A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
2 Atrium
3 Capillary
4 Deoxygenated
blood
5 Heart
6 Phloem
7 Platelet
8 Transpiration
9 Respiration
10 Vein
11 Vena cava
12 Ventricle
13 Xylem
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Equation
1. Respiration
2. Transpiration
3. Photosynthesis
4.