Hello Everyone my name is Mansi Gujadiya. in this PPT I will discuss about Exploring Transgender Narratives from Mythology to Contemporary Indian Novel.
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Exploring Transgender Narratives from Mythology to Contemporary Indian Novel: .pptx
1. Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University
Date: 4st April 2024
Sem 4। Batch 2022-24
Research Methodology
Exploring Transgender Narratives from
Mythology to Contemporary Indian Novels
Prepared by Mansi Gujadiya
3. Personal Information
● Name:- Mansi B. Gujadiya
● Roll No.:- 12
● Enrollment Number:-4069206420220013
● Sem :- 4 (M.A)
● Paper No.:-210(A)
● Paper Code:-22417
● Paper Name:-Research Project Writing: Dissertation Writing
● Topic:-Exploring Transgender Narratives from Mythology to Contemporary
Indian Novels
● Submitted to:- Department of English MKBU
● Email:- mansigajjar10131@gmail.com
4. Introduction
● Understanding Queer Theory: Origins and Concepts
● Queer Theory in the Indian Context: Unraveling Diversity
● Exploring Queerness in the India
● Intersections of Mythology and Queer Theory: Decoding Narratives
● Navigating Transgender Theory: Interdisciplinary Perspectives
● Contextualizing Transgender Theory within the Indian Landscape
● About Arundhati Roy
● Investigating “The Ministry of Utmost Happiness”
● Laxmi Narayan Tripathi
● Analyzing “Me Hijra Me Laxmi”
● Revathi
● Reviewing “The Truth About Me: A Hijra Life Story”
5. Chapter 2 Literary Review
● Queer Theory
● Transgender Theory
● “The Ministry of Utmost Happiness”
● “Me Hijra Me Laxmi”
● “The Truth About Me: A Hijra Life Story”
● Hypothesis
6. Research Questions
1. How do intersections of gender identity with other marginalized identities, such as race,
class, and religion, manifest in transgender mythology and contemporary literature?
2. What are the similarities and differences in the portrayal of transgender identities and
experiences between ancient mythologies and modern novels?
3. How has the portrayal and perception of transgender individuals evolved from ancient
mythological narratives to contemporary literature, such as "The Ministry of Utmost
Happiness," "Me Hijra, Me Laxmi," and "The Truth About Me: A Hijra Life Story"?
4. How has the treatment of transgender individuals by society evolved from mythological
times to the contemporary era?
5. What are the primary societal challenges faced by transgender individuals in today's world?
6. How do transgender individuals experience and navigate romantic and intimate
relationships, including disclosure of their transgender status to partners?
7. How can allies and advocacy organizations better support the needs and rights of
transgender individuals within their communities and society at large?
7. Chapter 3 :-Transgender Narratives Across Time
and Mythology
● Transgender
● Mythological Characters in the Mahabharata: Unraveling Gender
Fluidity
● Transgender Depictions in the Ramayana: A Narrative Analysis
● Transgender Figures in the Puranas: The Tale of Mohini
● Exploring Transgender Representations in Other Mythologies
● Transcendence of Gender in God and Goddess Depictions
● Identity Constructions in Mythological Narratives: A Critical Analysis
● Tracing Transgender Experiences in Indian Historical Context
● Criminalization and Marginalization: Historical Perspectives
● Post-Independence Era: Continuation of Discrimination
● Emerging Trends in Transgender Rights: Contemporary – Period
● Government Initiatives and Policy Interventions
8. ● Introducing the Authors
● Birth ,Early Life and Family Dynamics
● Childhood
● Educational Trajectories: Challenges and
Triumphs
● Medical Encounters: Negotiating Gender Identity
● Domestic Spaces: Homes
● Hijra Community
● Societal Responses
● Artistic Expressions: Dance as a Medium of
Liberation
● Resilience in the Face of Adversity: The Hijra
Struggle
● Quest for Identity
● Love and Intimacy: Themes of Affection and
Connection
Chapter 4:-Portraits of Resilience: Exploring
Narratives of Transgender Authors
9. Chapter 5:-Conclusion
● Summary of Transgender
● Overview of mythological tales and story
● Brief introduction of authors
● Brief introduction about 3 novels
10. Bibliography
● Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy, and Minna J. Hsu. “Living on the Societal Edge: India's Transgender Realities.” Trans
Reads, 16 July 2021, https://transreads.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-07-16_60f18c150393c_s10943-014-
9987-z.pdf. Accessed 20 March 2024.
● Aijaz Hussain. “Arundhati Roy - Literature.” British Council Literature,
https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/arundhati-roy. Accessed 29 January 2024.
● ANOOSHAHR, ALI. “The King Who Would Be Man: The Gender Roles of the Warrior King in Early Mughal History.”
Jul 2008, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27755957?seq=1. Accessed 11 March 2024.
● “Answers to your questions about transgender people, gender identity, and gender expression.” American
Psychological Association, 7 June 2023, https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/transgender-people-gender-identity-gender-
expression. Accessed 7 March 2024.
● Ashi, and Dr.Neha Jain. “Understanding Queer: Analysis of Queer Writings in Indian Literature.” INTERNATIONAL
JOURNALS OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ACADEMY, January 2021,
https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2021/IJRSS_JANUARY2021/IJRSSJan21AshiKam.pdf. Accessed 9 February
2024.
● Chatterjee,, Dr. Subhrajit. “Problems Faced by Transgender Community in India: Some Recommendations.” IJCRT, 1
January 2018, https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT1705102.pdf. Accessed 1 January 2024.
● Das, Anjan. “REPRESENTATION OF TRANSGENDER IN INDIAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE.” 2022,
https://bnmv.ac.in/images/uploads/Anjan%20Das%20Purana.pdf. Accessed 20 March 2024.
11. ● Das, Shruti. “TRAUMA AND TRANSGENDER SPACE IN ARUNDHATI ROY'S.” University of Bucharest Review. Literary and
Cultural Studies Series - UBR, 2019, https://ubr.rev.unibuc.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/ShrutiDas.pdf. Accessed 13 February
2024.
● Dutta Chowdhury, Dr. Payel, and Shreoshi Bhattacharjee. “Reading the Queer: A Study of Third Gender Identity in Laxmi’s
Autobiography Me Hijra Me Laxmi.” Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, April 2018, https://www.the-
criterion.com/V9/n2/IN03.pdf. Accessed 12 March 2024.
● Dwivedi, Dr. Vachaspati. “HIJRAAUTOBIOGRAPHIES: TRAUMA, DISCRIMINATION AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN INDIA.”
November 2016, https://www.researchscholar.co.in/downloads/6-dr.-vachaspati-dwivedi.pdf. Accessed 6 February 2024.
● Goyal, Anuradha. “Me Hijra Me Laxmi by Laxminarayan Tripathi.” Anuradha Goyal, 5 June 2015,
https://www.anuradhagoyal.com/me-hijra-me-laxmi-laxminarayan-tripathi/. Accessed 29 January 2024.
● “Guide on the Rights of Transgender Persons in India.” Nyaaya, https://nyaaya.org/resource/guide-on-the-rights-of-transgender-
persons-in-india/. Accessed 15 March 2024.
● Jahan, Ishrat. “Title: To Be Or Not To Be: A Question of Identity: A Comparative Study of Me Laxmi, Me Hijra and The Truth
About Me: A Hijra Life Story.” Academia.edu,
https://www.academia.edu/27800851/Title_To_Be_Or_Not_To_Be_A_Question_of_Identity_A_Comparative_Study_of_Me_Lax
mi_Me_Hijra_and_The_Truth_About_Me_A_Hijra_Life_Story. Accessed 13 February 2024.
● Khan, Said Muhammad, and Shafiq ur Rehman. “Transgender as 'other': A critical Analysis of Social Division in 'The Ministry of
Utmost Happiness.” October 2022,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364956877_Transgender_as_%27other%27_A_critical_Analysis_of_Social_Division_in
_%27The_Ministry_of_Utmost_Happiness. Accessed 13 February 2024.
12. ● Kumar, Laxmipriya S., et al. “Familial relationship and its impact on the psyche of transgenders: A study of The Truth
About Me by Revathi.” ResearchGate, 9 January 2024,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362956042_Familial_relationship_and_its_impact_on_the_psyche_of_transgen
ders_A_study_of_The_Truth_About_Me_by_Revathi. Accessed 29 January 2024.
● Kumar, Laxmipriya S., et al. “Familial relationship and its impact on the psyche of transgenders: A study of The Truth
About Me by Revathi.” 3 June 2009, https://sciencescholar.us/journal/index.php/ijhs/article/view/11061/8243. Accessed
15 March 2024.
● KUMAR, RAJESH, et al. “TRANSGENDER PERSPECTIVE IN 'THE MINISTRY OF UTMOST HAPPINESS.'” PUNE
RESEARCH, June-Aug 2020, http://puneresearch.com/media/data/issues/5ed5caf0afd8e.pdf. Accessed 12 March 2024.
● Lau, Lisa, and Ana Cristina Mendes. “,Romancing the other: Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.” 21
October 2023, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0021989418820701. Accessed 29 January 2024.
● M. Michelraj. “Historical Evolution of Transgender Community in India.” The Research Publication, 2015,
https://www.trp.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ARSS-Vol.4-No.1-Jan-June-2015-pp.17-19.pdf. Accessed 11 March
2024.
● Mohan, Rajam. “Perception of Transgenderism through Myths and Literature.” International Journal of Research and
Review, 9 September 2022, https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.9_Issue.9_Sep2022/IJRR07.pdf. Accessed 9 February
2024.
13. ● Montejo, Angel L., and Jeffrey HD Cornelius. “Physical and Sociodemographic Features Associated With Quality of Life
Among Transgender Women and Men Using Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.” NCBI, 26 July 2021,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8350045/. Accessed 6 March 2024.
● Motmans, Jos J., et al. “Female and male transgender quality of life: socioeconomic and medical differences.” PubMed, 21
December 2011, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22188877/. Accessed 7 March 2024.
● Newport, Sarah E. “Writing Otherness: Uses of History and Mythology in Constructing Literary Representations of India's
Hijras A thesis submitted.” Research Explorer, 2018,
https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/75066695/FULL_TEXT.PDF. Accessed 20 March 2024.
● Patranabish, Rima Ghosh. “Trans masculinity in Indian Mythology: Misinterpreted, forgotten?” Heinrich Böll Stiftung | India,
28 February 2022, https://in.boell.org/en/2022/02/28/trans-masculinity-indian-mythology. Accessed 20 March 2024.
● Pattanaik, Devdutt. “A STUDY ON ARUNDHATI ROY'S “THE MINISTRY OF UTMOST HAPPINESS” INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND TR.” International Journal of English Language, Literature and
Translation Studies, 25 April 2018, http://www.ijelr.in/5.2.18/3-6%20SUSHREE%20SMITA%20RAJ.pdf. Accessed 12 March
2024.
● Peter, Riya Mary. “Transgender Marginalization and Exclusion in Arundathi Roy's The Ministry of the Utmost Happiness.”
IJCRT.org, 3 March 2020, https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2003418.pdf. Accessed 9 February 2024.
14. ● Qasim, Hafiz, et al. “(PDF) Exploring Social and Situational Transgender Trauma in Roy's The Ministry of Utmost
Happiness.” ResearchGate,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347842949_Exploring_Social_and_Situational_Transgender_Trauma_in_Roy%27
s_The_Ministry_of_Utmost_Happiness. Accessed 15 March 2024.
● “Queer Theory: Background.” University of Illinois LibGuides, 9 November 2023,
https://guides.library.illinois.edu/queertheory/background. Accessed 29 January 2024.
● Rajendran, Prof. Ragitha. “Identity Search as women among trans women in India: A Study on A. Revathi's Truth About me:
A Hijra Life story. Prof. Ragitha R.” International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, 28 March 2018,
https://www.ijtrd.com/papers/IJTRD16053.pdf. Accessed 15 March 2024.
● Revathi, A. The Truth About Me: A Hijra Life Story. Penguin Books Limited, 2010. Accessed 21 March 2024.
● Roy, Arundhati. The Ministry of Utmost Happiness: A Novel. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2017. Accessed 21 March
2024.
● Sabilla, Annisa Dwisuci. “Untitled.” Etheses of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, 22 September 2020,
http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/21969/1/16320200.pdf. Accessed 12 March 2024.
● SAMANTA, ATANU. “GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN A. REVATHI'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY “THE TRUTH ABOUT ME: A
HIJRA LIFE STORY” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENG.” International Journal of English Language, Literature
and Translation Studies, Jan-Mar 2017, http://www.ijelr.in/4.1.17/220-223%20ATANU%20SAMANTA.pdf. Accessed
9 February 2024.
● Sanyal, Srija, and Abhik Maiti. “A Discordant Harmony – A Critical Evaluation of the Queer Theory from an
Indian Perspective.” March 2018,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324343645_A_Discordant_Harmony_-
_A_Critical_Evaluation_of_the_Queer_Theory_from_an_Indian_Perspective?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7InBhZ2UiOiJ
wdWJsaWNhdGlvbiIsInByZXZpb3VzUGFnZSI6bnVsbH19. Accessed 29 January 2024.
15. ● Sethi, Sujita. “(PDF) Transgender Health and Their Rights in India.” ResearchGate, 3
November 2018,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328718852_Transgender_Health_and_Their_Right
s_in_India. Accessed 7 March 2024.
● Shamim, Dr. Mohd, and Dr. Bushra. “Truth Unmasked: The Voice of an Indian Transwoman
in The Truth about Me: A Hijra Life Story.” 13 October 2023,
http://thecreativelauncher.com/index.php/tcl/article/view/1117. Accessed 21 February 2024.
● Sharma, Seema. “The Transgender can Speak - A. Revathi's The Truth about Me.”
https://www.sdcollegeambala.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/iwie2022-14.pdf. Accessed
14 March 2024.
● Sharon, Rhema J., and 2Dr. Sushil Mary Mathews. “THE CONUNDRUM OF GENDER
SPECTRUM: A STUDY ON OBJECTIFICATION OF TRANSGENDER BODIES IN
LAXMINARAYAN TRIPATHI'S MEMOIR ME HIJRA,.” IJCRT, 20 June 2022,
https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT22A6510.pdf. Accessed 12 March 2024.
● Siddiqui, Mariyam Ilyas. “The Ministry Of Utmost Happiness: Roy's Attempt To Represent
India's Struggle With Social Issues.” Quest Journals, 23 July 2018,
https://www.questjournals.org/jrhss/papers/vol6-issue6/E06062124.pdf. Accessed 12 March
2024.
● Srinivasan, Shiva Prakash, and Sruti Chandrasekaran. “Transsexualism in Hindu Mythology -
PMC.” NCBI, 30 June 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7539026/.
Accessed 11 March 2024.
● STRYKER, SUSAN, et al. “. “Introduction: Trans-, Trans, or Transgender?” Women’s Studies
Quarterly.” 2008, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27649781. Accessed 26 January 2024.
● Subramanian, Thilakavathi. “International Journal of Health Sciences and Research.”
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 28 March 2016,
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR_Vol.6_Issue.4_April2016/2.pdf. Accessed 7 March 2024.
● Suleman, Danish, and Dr. Faizahani binti Ab Rahman. “(PDF) Transgender Issues in Indian
Society from the Viewpoint of Arundhati Roy's Novel, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.”
ResearchGate, 10 March 2021,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348325857_Transgender_Issues_in_Indian_Societ
y_from_the_Viewpoint_of_Arundhati_Roy's_Novel_The_Ministry_of_Utmost_Happiness.
Accessed 9 February 2024.
16. ● Thiyagarajan, Dr K. “Exploring the Treatment of Violence in A. Revathi's Autobiography, The Truth About Me: A Hijras Life
Story.” IJCRT, 11 November 2021, https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2111142.pdf. Accessed 9 February 2024.
● TICKELL, ALEX. “Writing in the Necropolis: Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.” Open Research Online, 3
June 2009, https://oro.open.ac.uk/56045/3/56045.pdf. Accessed 12 March 2024.
● Tiwari, Akshay, and Kusum Pal. “JOURNEY OF GENDER IDENTITY IN INDIA FROM MYTHOLOGY TO THE THIRD
GENDER.” Wikipedia, 20 December 2022, https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/9768. Accessed 11 March
2024.
● Tomar, Paras. “Transgender kya hota hai | Every man and woman should watch this video | Paras Tomar |.” You Tube, 13
May 2023, https://youtu.be/9fdOaIuDZAM?si=k05qnlpl4-6BOnu_. Accessed 21 March 2024.
● “Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 - South Asian Translaw Database.” South Asian Translaw
Database, 2019, https://translaw.clpr.org.in/legislation/transgender-persons-protection-of-rights-act-2019/. Accessed 15
March 2024.
● “The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019.” PRS Legislative Research, https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-
transgender-persons-protection-of-rights-bill-2019. Accessed 15 March 2024.
● “Transgender-Specific Issues: Physical Appearance | Responding to Transgender Victims of Sexual Assault.” Office for
Victims of Crime, June 2014, https://ovc.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh226/files/pubs/forge/transgender_physical.html.
Accessed 13 March 2024.
17. ● Tripāṭhī, Lakshmīnārāyaṇa. Me Hijra, Me Laxmi. Translated by Ramachandrapurapu Raj Rao and Padmakar G.
Joshi, Oxford University Press, 2015. Accessed 21 March 2024.
● Tripathi, Laxmi Narayan. “My experience as a Transgender Woman | Laxmi Narayan Tripathi |
TEDxYouth@SinghaniaSchool.” You Tube, TEDx Talks, 19 April 2018, https://youtu.be/mvqNVdoJSPg?si=TQ-
TevYC80vqryJ9. Accessed 21 March 2024.
● VARGHESE, LIVYA K. “RECREATING IDENTITIES THROUGH ART: AN ANALYSIS OF THE AGENCY OF
DANCE IN ME HIJRA, ME LAXMI.” rjelal, 21 March 2019, http://www.rjelal.com/7.1.19/442-
444%20LIVYA%20VARGHESE.%20K.pdf. Accessed 9 February 2024.
● Worth, Tammy. “Cisgender and Transgender: The Difference Explained.” WebMD, 11 March 2024,
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/cisgender-overview. Accessed 16 March 2024.
● Yadav, Shruti, and Dr R.K. Patni. “JETIR Research Journal.” JETIR Research Journal, June 2019,
https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2003066.pdf. Accessed 11 March 2024.
● Zainab, Noreen, et al. “On Being Ugly: An Analysis of Arundhati Roy's Beauty Norms in The Ministry of Utmost
Happiness.” 3 June 2009, https://ideas.repec.org/a/glr/journl/v3y2018i1p1-16.html. Accessed 12 March 2024.