Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Queer Cinema and Cultural Impact: Examining the Influence of LGBTQ+ Films on Society
1. Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University
Date: 3rd April 2024
Sem 4। Batch 2022-24
Dissertation
Queer Cinema and Cultural Impact:
Examining the Influence of LGBTQ+
Films on Society.
Present on
3. ❏ Academic Information :-
Name Riddhi H. Rathod
Paper no. 210 - Dissertation
Topic
Queer Cinema and Cultural Impact: Examining the Influence of
LGBTQ+ Films on Society.
Roll no. 17
Enrollment no. 4069206420220025
E-mail I’D riddhirathod1213@gmail.com
4. Introduction
01
Literary Review
Representation of LGBTQIA+
Identities in Contemporary
Indian Cinema
02
03
04
05
❏ Chapter List :-
Representation of Female
Homosexuality in Bollywood
Movies
Conclusion
5. Chapter - 1 Introduction
Chapter - 1
● What is Queer Studies?
● What is LGBTQIA+?
● What is Cultural Studies?
● As a Term
● Queer Theorists
● Article 377 on Queer relations
● Queer studies in Bollywood
➔ Shubh Mangal Zyada Savdhan (2020)
➔ Badhaai Do (2022)
➔ Aligarh (2016)
➔ Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui
➔ Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga (2019)
7. 1. Mainstream Bollywood movies have historically perpetuated heteronormative narratives and
stereotypical representations of female homosexuality.
2. Recent Bollywood movies like Badhaai Do (2022) and Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga (2019)
have challenged traditional gender roles and representations within the LGBTQ+ community,
contributing to a more nuanced and inclusive portrayal of female homosexuality.
3. The incorporation of well-known actors and strategic promotional campaigns in movies like
Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga (2019) has facilitated a wider acceptance and normalization of
same-sex relationships among conservative Indian audiences.
4. Despite positive strides in representation, Bollywood movies still lack authentic and diverse
representations of the LGBTQ+ community due to the industry's reliance on cis-heterosexual actors
and the absence of queer voices behind the camera.
5. Mainstream Indian cinema has historically portrayed the hijra/transgender community in a
stereotypical and negative manner, reinforcing societal prejudices and stigma.
6. Recent Indian films that depict hijra/transgender characters and themes have made
significant strides in challenging traditional stereotypes and promoting more nuanced
representations.
➢ Hypotheses :-
8. ➢ Research Question :-
1. How has the representation of female homosexuality in Bollywood movies evolved over time, and what factors
have contributed to this evolution?
2. What narrative tropes, stereotypes, and visual cues are commonly employed in Bollywood movies to depict
female homosexual relationships, and how do they reinforce or challenge societal perceptions?
3. How do Bollywood movies navigate the complexities of portraying female homosexuality in a culturally and
socially conservative context, and what strategies are employed to make the narratives more accessible and relatable
to mainstream audiences?
4. How has the representation of the hijra/transgender community evolved in Indian cinema over the past few
decades, and what factors have contributed to these changes?
5. What are the common stereotypes and tropes used in the portrayal of hijra/transgender characters in Indian
films, and how do these representations reinforce or challenge societal perceptions?
6. How do recent Indian films like "Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan" and "Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui" depict
hijra/transgender characters and themes, and how do these representations differ from earlier portrayals?
7. What is the potential impact of positive and inclusive representations of female homosexuality in Bollywood
movies on societal attitudes, legal reforms, and the overall acceptance of the LGBTQ+ community in India?
9. Chapter -3 Representation of LGBTQIA+ Identities in
Contemporary Indian Cinema
● Gay as a term
● Homosexuality in Literature
● Queer cinema and culture
■ Shubh Mangal Jyada Savdhaan
● Third Gender in India: The Hijra Community
● Representation of Transgender in Indian Cinema
■ Chandigarh kare Aashiqui (2021)
10. ● Representation of Female Homosexuality in Bollywood
Movies
■ Badhaai Do (2022)
● Symbolic violence faced while coming out of the closet
with example of Aligarh movie by Deepa Mehta (2016)
■ Scene I: Professor Siras recounts his tale to a
journalist
■ Professor Siras against the Aligarh Muslim
University
● Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga (2019)
Chapter -4 Representation of Female Homosexuality in Bollywood Movies
11. CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, and includes icons by Flaticon, and
infographics and images by Freepik
● Progress in LGBTQ+ representation in Indian cinema.
● Challenges: Lack of LGBTQ+ voices behind the camera,
cisgender actors playing queer roles, failure to capture
intersectional experiences.
● Need for active collaboration with LGBTQ+ communities,
amplifying authentic voices, and nuanced representations.
● Shift from historical heteronormativity and stereotypes to
recent films challenging gender norms and depicting same-sex
relationships.
➢ Conclusion :-
12. ❏ References :-
Ahmed, Omar. ``10 great Indian LGBTQIA+ films.” BFI, 9 March 2023,
https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/10-great-indian-lgbtqia-films. Accessed 24 February 2024.
Bansal, Saumya. “Is Indian showbiz opening up to transgender community?” Media India Group, 4 August 2018,
https://mediaindia.eu/cinema/is-indian-showbiz-opening-up-to-transgender-community/. Accessed 21 February
2024.
Bhardwaj, Pooja. “Moving from Fear to Freedom: A Quest for Love, Respect, Freedom and Acceptance by LGBTQ Community
Through Indian Cinema.” IJRSSH, 2 March 2023,
https://ijrssh.com/admin/upload/29%20Pooja%20Bhardwaj%2001592.pdf. Accessed 20 March 2024.
Bose, Shonali. “LGBTQIA+ Representation in Bollywood Blogs Home.” Drishti IAS, 27 June 2022,
https://www.drishtiias.com/blog/lgbtqia-representation-in-bollywood. Accessed 24 February 2024.
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. Oxford: Polity Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1998). Acts of resistance: against the new myths of our time. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter. London: Routledge.
Chakraborty, Juhi. “Pride Month| Bollywood's Queer Eye: How LGBTQ+ representation has evolved in cinema.” Hindustan
Times, 5 June 2021,
https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/pride-month-bollywood-s-queer-eye-how-lgbtq-rep
resentation-has-evolved-in-cinema-101622897366942.html. Accessed 24 February 2024.
Chatterjee, I (2002), ‘Alienation, Intimacy and Gender: Problems for a history of love in South Asia,’in Ruth Vanita (ed)
Queering India: Same Sex Love and Eroticism in Indian Culture and Society, London: Routledge, pp.61-76
13. Chatterjee, Niladri R. ““LOOK LIKE A NORMAL JODI”: HOW QUEER IS SHUBH MANGAL ZYADA SAVDHAN?” YouTube: Home, 3
June 2009,
https://ir.nbu.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/4560/1/NEGOTIATIONS%2C%20Vol%203%2C%20%28MARCH%202020%29
_01.pdf. Accessed 17 March 2024.
Chatterjee, Shoma. “Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences.” Research Journal of Humanities and Social
Sciences, 2018,
https://rjhssonline.com/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research%20Journal%20of%20Humanities%20and%20Social%2
0Sciences;PID=2018-9-1-31. Accessed 24 February 2024.
Chawla, Palak. “Queer coding in Hindi cinema.” Media India Group, 25 May 2021,
https://mediaindia.eu/cinema/queer-coding-in-hindi-cinema/. Accessed 24 February 2024.
Chettiar, Anitha. “Problems Faced by Hijras (Male to Female Transgenders) in Mumbai with Reference to Their Health and
Harassment by the Police.” International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 9 September 2015,
https://www.ijssh.org/papers/551-W10007.pdf. Accessed 20 March 2024.
Davie,T.(2012). Portrayal of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People on the BBC. Downloads. bbc.co.uk/diversity/pdf/lgb_
portrayal_update_2012_withquotes.pdf, 5-19. Retrieved February 6 2018
Hall, S., 1997. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: SAGE
Hausman, Bernice L. "Recent transgender theory." (2001): 465-490.
j, Nupur. “Queer Voice Shines In “Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan.”” Youth Ki Awaaz, 3 May 2020,
https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2020/05/queer-voice-shines-in-shubh-mangal-zyada-saavdhan/. Accessed 14
March 2024.
Jagose, Annamarie. "Queer Theory." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas, edited by Maryanne Cline Horowitz, vol. 5,
Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, pp. 1980-1985. Gale eBooks,
link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3424300651/GVRL?u=uiuc_uc&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=f64f356c. Accessed 24 Feb.
2024.
14. Jain, . Neha. Wikipedia, 2022,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366738753_Indian_Hindi_Cinema_and_Queer_Gaze_Presentation_Of_LG
BTQ_In_Bollywood/link/63b6167603aad5368e6656da/download?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7InBhZ2UiOiJwdWJsaWNhdG
lvbiIsInByZXZpb3VzUGFnZSI6bnVsbH19. Accessed 24 February 2024.
Jain, Dr. Neha. “Indian Hindi Cinema and Queer Gaze: Presentation Of LGBTQ+ In Bollywood.” Wikipedia, 2022,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366738753_Indian_Hindi_Cinema_and_Queer_Gaze_Presentation_Of_LG
BTQ_In_Bollywood/link/63b6167603aad5368e6656da/download?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7InBhZ2UiOiJwdWJsaWNhdG
lvbiIsInByZXZpb3VzUGFnZSI6bnVsbH19. Accessed 22 March 2024.
Joshi, V. (2020). Queering Bollywood: Decoding LGBTQ Representation in Hindi Cinema. In S. Sircar, & R. Chatterjee (Eds.),
Queer Studies in India: Intersectionalities, Embodiments, and Activisms (pp. 116-130). London: Routledge.
Kaur, Harmeet. “LGBTQ relationships are finally getting the Bollywood rom-com treatment.” CNN, 19 February 2023,
https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/bollywood-lgbtq-rom-coms-cec/index.html. Accessed 24 February 2024.
Kaur, Pushpinder. “Queer Hindi Cinema: A Study on Understanding LGBT Identities.” international journal for innovative
research in multidisciplinary field, March 2017, https://www.ijirmf.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/201703001.pdf.
Accessed 24 February 2024
Kewalya, Hitesh, director. Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan. 21 February 2020. T-Series Colour Yellow Productions, 21 February
2020.
Kress, G., & Leeuwen, I. T. van. (2001). Multimodal discourse: The modes and media of contemporary communication. London:
Arnold.
Kumar, Mr. Praveen. “Hero loves Hero: Understanding the Changing Rendition of Sexuality through the Movie Shubh Mangal
Zyada Saavdhan.” YouTube: Home, 3 June 2009, https://rhimrj.co.in/index.php/rhimrj/article/view/2/2. Accessed 13
March 2024.
15. Kumar, Pushpesh. “Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui and Transfeminine Identity: Representation or Exclusion?” Economic and
Political Weekly, 3 September 2022,
https://www.epw.in/engage/article/chandigarh-kare-aashiqui-and-transfeminine. Accessed 23 March 2024.
MAMBROL, NASRULLAH. “Homosexuality in Literature – Literary Theory and Criticism.” Literary Theory and Criticism, 25
May 2021, https://literariness.org/2021/05/25/homosexuality-in-literature/. Accessed 12 March 2024
Mandal, Krishnakoli. “LGBTQ representation in Indian cinema.” Media India Group, 12 March 2020,
https://mediaindia.eu/cinema/lqbtq-representation-in-indian-cinema/. Accessed 26 February 2024.
Manning, Jimmie, and Abbie E. Goldberg. “(PDF) Queer Theory.” ResearchGate, 2016,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303059458_Queer_Theory. Accessed 26 February 2024.
Marwah, Garima, and Dr. Rajat Kanti Mitra. “The Representation Of LGBTQ+ Community In Hindi Cinema And Its Impact On
Older Generation And Young Adults.” IJCRT, 6 June 2023, https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2306315.pdf. Accessed 22
March 2024.
McManus, I. (1983). Basic colour terms in literature. Language and Speech, 26(3), 247-252.
Mehta, Deepa. “A STUDY ON THE PORTRAYAL OF DIFFERENT SEXUALITIES IN INDIAN CINEMA AND ITS ACCEPTANCE IN
INDIAN SOCIETY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE T.” IJCRT.org, 3 March 2022, https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2203379.pdf.
Accessed 22 March 2024.
Mehta, H. (Director). (2016). Aligarh. [Motion picture]. Mumbai: Eros Entertainment.
Menon, Nivedita. "Introduction." Sexualities. New Delhi: Women Unlimited an Associate of Kali for Women, 2007. N. pag.
Print
Narrain, Arvind. "No Shortcuts to Queer Utopia: Sodomy, Law and Social Change." The Phobic and the Erotic: The Politics
of Sexualities in Contemporary India. Ed. Brinda Bose and Subhabrata Bhattacharyya. London: Seagull, 2007. N.
pag. Print.
16. Qadiri, Monisa. “Viewing cultural connections through analysis of the representation of transgenders and trans
sexuality in recent Bollywood and OTT.”, 28 May 2023,
https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106129915/transgenders_and_trans_sexuality_in_recent_Bollywood
_and_OTT-libre.pdf?1696238098=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DTransgenders_a
nd_trans_sexuality_in_rece.pdf&Expires=1711189843&Signature=U. Accessed 23 March 2024.
Raja, Rashmi V. R. “Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences.” Research Journal of Humanities and
Social Sciences, 2018,
https://rjhssonline.com/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research%20Journal%20of%20Humanities%20and%20
Social%20Sciences;PID=2018-9-1-31. Accessed 23 March 2024.
Rangeen Khidki (2020). Movie Review of “Ek Ladki ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga” - Rangeen Khidki - Medium. [online]
Medium. Available at:
https://rangeenkhidki.medium.com/moviereview-of-ek-ladki-ko-dekha-toh-aisa-laga-17def699bc15
[Accessed 6 Apr. 2021].
Riggs, Damien W. “(PDF) Queer Theory.” ResearchGate, April 2017,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316058501_Queer_Theory.
Sharma, Prateek, and Vaishnavi Sundar. “Sebuah Kajian Pustaka:.” Sebuah Kajian Pustaka:, 27 June 2016,
https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2021/IJRSS_MAY2021/IJRSS16Mya21-AshiKam.pdf. Accessed 24
February 2024. Accessed 23 March 2024.
17. Qadiri, Monisa. “Viewing cultural connections through analysis of the representation of transgenders and trans
sexuality in recent Bollywood and OTT.”, 28 May 2023,
https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106129915/transgenders_and_trans_sexuality_in_recent_Bollywood_and
_OTT-libre.pdf?1696238098=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DTransgenders_and_trans_
sexuality_in_rece.pdf&Expires=1711189843&Signature=U. Accessed 23 March 2024.
Raja, Rashmi V. R. “Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences.” Research Journal of Humanities and Social
Sciences, 2018,
https://rjhssonline.com/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research%20Journal%20of%20Humanities%20and%20Social
%20Sciences;PID=2018-9-1-31. Accessed 23 March 2024.
Rangeen Khidki (2020). Movie Review of “Ek Ladki ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga” - Rangeen Khidki - Medium. [online]
Medium. Available at:
https://rangeenkhidki.medium.com/moviereview-of-ek-ladki-ko-dekha-toh-aisa-laga-17def699bc15 [Accessed
6 Apr. 2021].
Riggs, Damien W. “(PDF) Queer Theory.” ResearchGate, April 2017,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316058501_Queer_Theory.
Sharma, Prateek, and Vaishnavi Sundar. “Sebuah Kajian Pustaka:.” Sebuah Kajian Pustaka:, 27 June 2016,
https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2021/IJRSS_MAY2021/IJRSS16Mya21-AshiKam.pdf. Accessed 24 February
2024. Accessed 23 March 2024.
Sharma, Suparna. “Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan movie review: Gay love in the Indian family | Shubh Mangal Zyada
Saavdhan movie review: Gay love in the Indian family.” Deccan Chronicle, 21 February 2020,
https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/220220/shubh-mangal-zyada-saavdhan-mo
vie-review-gay-love-in-the-indian-famil.html. Accessed 16 March 2024.
V, P., G, B. Unveiling narratives: representation of same-sex love in bollywood films. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 11, 57
(2024). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02579-w
18. Warekar, Snehal S. “576 International Journal of Advance and Applied Research ISSN – 2347-7075 Impact
Factor – 7.328 REPRESENTATION OF THE QUEER.” International Journal of Advance and Applied
Research, January - February 2023, https://ijaar.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/1003104.pdf.
Accessed 26 February 2024.
Wieringa, S. (2012). Passionate aesthetics and symbolic subversion: heteronormativity in India and
Indonesia. Asian Studies Review, 36(4), 515-530.
Williams, David N. YouTube: Home, 3 June 2009,
https://queerkentucky.com/the-origin-of-the-word-gay-in-its-homosexual-context/. Accessed 12
March 2024.