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Academic Details :-
Presented by :- Hetal Pathak
Roll No. :- 09
Enrollment no. :- 4069206420220022
Semester :- 4 (M.A.)
Paper no. :- 210A
Paper code :- 22417
Paper name :- Research Project Writing : Dissertation Writing
Topic :- ‘Exploring Female Trauma in Buchi Emecheta’s Novels : ‘The Joys
of Motherhood’ and ‘Second - Class Citizen’
Submitted to :- Smt S.B. Gardi, Department of English, M.K.B.U
E-mail :- hetalpathak28@gmail.com
Chapterization
01 Introduction 02 Literature
Review
03
Core Analysis of
the novel -
Unravelling the
Layers of Female
Trauma in ‘The
Joys of
Motherhood’
novel
04
Core Analysis of
the novel -
Examining
Female Trauma
in ‘Second - Class
Citizen’ novel
05 Conclusion
Chapter 1 :- Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Postcolonial Trauma Theory
1.2.1 Intersections of Trauma and Gender
1.3 Recounting Trauma through Literature
1.4 Conceptualization of Trauma
1.4.1 Areas of life where women experience Trauma in Nigeria
1.4.2 Male Dominance and urge for many children
1.4.3 Domestic Violence
1.4.4 Poverty
1.5 Buchi Emecheta : A Literary Lens
1.6 The Role of Female writer today
1.7 A Study of Buchi Emecheta’s two novels
1.7.1 ‘The Joys of Motherhood’
1.7.2 ‘Second - Class Citizen’
Chapter 2 :- Literature Review
2.1 Literature Review
2.2 Literature Review of Trauma studies
2.3 Literature Review of Buchi Emecheta’s novel ‘The Joys of Motherhood’
2.4 Literature Review of Emecheta’s another novel ‘Second - Class Citizen’
2.5 Concluding Remarks
2.6 Hypotheses :- This study aims to examine Buchi Emecheta’s two novels -
‘The Joys of Motherhood’ and ‘Second - Class Citizen’ through powerful
depictions of trauma experienced by African women. This study also explores the
way in which Trauma can be discerned in both the text and will explore the lives
of both the Protagonists- Nnu Ego and Adah. It also examines how Buchi
Emecheta captures the lingering and haunting impacts of these traumas on the
psyche and identity of her female characters. A critical inquiry by applying a
trauma theory framework to Emecheta’s work can illuminate the psychological
wounds of women.
Chapter 3 :- Unraveling the Layers of Female Trauma in
Buchi Emecheta’s ‘The Joys of Motherhood’
3.1 Author’s Introduction : Buchi Emecheta
3.2 Brief Introduction to Buchi Emecheta’s novel ‘The Joys of Motherhood’
3.3 Woman’s position in Igbo society
3.3.1 Nnu Ego’s position as a Daughter
3.3.2 Nnu Ego’s position as Wife
3.3.3 Nnu Ego’s position as a Mother
3.4 The Joys of Becoming a Woman : Motherhood meets Womanhood
3.4.1 Marriage and Family ties
3.4.2 The importance of children and their sex
3.5 Traumatic experiences of Nnu Ego
3.5.1 An analysis of ‘Son Preference’ in ‘The Joys of Motherhood’
3.5.2 The value of a Mother
3.6 The Irony of Joys of Motherhood
Chapter 4 :- Examining Female Trauma in Buchi
Emecheta’s novel : ‘Second - Class Citizen’
4.1 Brief Introduction to Buchi Emecheta’s novel ‘Second - Class Citizen’
4.2 Introduction to Adah Obi and brief background on her life
4.2.1 Adah’s childhood : Patriarchal upbringing and self - assertion of
getting good education
4.2.2 Adah’s Teenage years and Her educational life
4.3 Adah’s marriage to Francis
4.3.1 Analyzing the impacts of marriage on the protagonist
4.3.2 Analysis of Adah’s experiences under Francis’ Patriarchy
4.3.3 Exploration on the effects on Adah’s personal growth and Aspirations
4.4 Domestic violence and its Traumatic effects
Chapter 5 :- Conclusion
● Summary of Findings
● Exploration of Trauma faced by both the Protagonists
● Nnu Ego’s harrowing tale of Trauma
● Adah Obi’s experiences about facing Various types of Trauma
● Buchi Emecheta highlights Profound impacts of Trauma on
women’s lives.
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Exploring Female Trauma in Buchi Emecheta’s Novels : 'The Joys of Motherhood' and 'Second -Class Citizen'.

  • 1.
  • 2. Academic Details :- Presented by :- Hetal Pathak Roll No. :- 09 Enrollment no. :- 4069206420220022 Semester :- 4 (M.A.) Paper no. :- 210A Paper code :- 22417 Paper name :- Research Project Writing : Dissertation Writing Topic :- ‘Exploring Female Trauma in Buchi Emecheta’s Novels : ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ and ‘Second - Class Citizen’ Submitted to :- Smt S.B. Gardi, Department of English, M.K.B.U E-mail :- hetalpathak28@gmail.com
  • 3. Chapterization 01 Introduction 02 Literature Review 03 Core Analysis of the novel - Unravelling the Layers of Female Trauma in ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ novel 04 Core Analysis of the novel - Examining Female Trauma in ‘Second - Class Citizen’ novel 05 Conclusion
  • 4. Chapter 1 :- Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Postcolonial Trauma Theory 1.2.1 Intersections of Trauma and Gender 1.3 Recounting Trauma through Literature 1.4 Conceptualization of Trauma 1.4.1 Areas of life where women experience Trauma in Nigeria 1.4.2 Male Dominance and urge for many children 1.4.3 Domestic Violence 1.4.4 Poverty 1.5 Buchi Emecheta : A Literary Lens 1.6 The Role of Female writer today 1.7 A Study of Buchi Emecheta’s two novels 1.7.1 ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ 1.7.2 ‘Second - Class Citizen’
  • 5. Chapter 2 :- Literature Review 2.1 Literature Review 2.2 Literature Review of Trauma studies 2.3 Literature Review of Buchi Emecheta’s novel ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ 2.4 Literature Review of Emecheta’s another novel ‘Second - Class Citizen’ 2.5 Concluding Remarks 2.6 Hypotheses :- This study aims to examine Buchi Emecheta’s two novels - ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ and ‘Second - Class Citizen’ through powerful depictions of trauma experienced by African women. This study also explores the way in which Trauma can be discerned in both the text and will explore the lives of both the Protagonists- Nnu Ego and Adah. It also examines how Buchi Emecheta captures the lingering and haunting impacts of these traumas on the psyche and identity of her female characters. A critical inquiry by applying a trauma theory framework to Emecheta’s work can illuminate the psychological wounds of women.
  • 6. Chapter 3 :- Unraveling the Layers of Female Trauma in Buchi Emecheta’s ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ 3.1 Author’s Introduction : Buchi Emecheta 3.2 Brief Introduction to Buchi Emecheta’s novel ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ 3.3 Woman’s position in Igbo society 3.3.1 Nnu Ego’s position as a Daughter 3.3.2 Nnu Ego’s position as Wife 3.3.3 Nnu Ego’s position as a Mother 3.4 The Joys of Becoming a Woman : Motherhood meets Womanhood 3.4.1 Marriage and Family ties 3.4.2 The importance of children and their sex 3.5 Traumatic experiences of Nnu Ego 3.5.1 An analysis of ‘Son Preference’ in ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ 3.5.2 The value of a Mother 3.6 The Irony of Joys of Motherhood
  • 7. Chapter 4 :- Examining Female Trauma in Buchi Emecheta’s novel : ‘Second - Class Citizen’ 4.1 Brief Introduction to Buchi Emecheta’s novel ‘Second - Class Citizen’ 4.2 Introduction to Adah Obi and brief background on her life 4.2.1 Adah’s childhood : Patriarchal upbringing and self - assertion of getting good education 4.2.2 Adah’s Teenage years and Her educational life 4.3 Adah’s marriage to Francis 4.3.1 Analyzing the impacts of marriage on the protagonist 4.3.2 Analysis of Adah’s experiences under Francis’ Patriarchy 4.3.3 Exploration on the effects on Adah’s personal growth and Aspirations 4.4 Domestic violence and its Traumatic effects
  • 8. Chapter 5 :- Conclusion ● Summary of Findings ● Exploration of Trauma faced by both the Protagonists ● Nnu Ego’s harrowing tale of Trauma ● Adah Obi’s experiences about facing Various types of Trauma ● Buchi Emecheta highlights Profound impacts of Trauma on women’s lives.
  • 9. Bibliography : Primary and Secondary Sources Emecheta, Buchi. The Joys of Motherhood. Pearson Education, 1994. Emecheta, Buchi. Second-class Citizen. Allison & Busby, 1974. Abubakar, Sadiya. “Art as Narrative: Recounting Trauma through Literature.” IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, July 2017, pp. 118-123, https://research-advances.org/index.php/RAJMSS/article/view/982. Accessed 25 March 2024. Adimula, Ruth Abiola, and Ignatius Nnamdi Ijere. “Psycho-Social Traumatic Events among Women in Nigeria.” Madridge Journal of AIDS, vol. 2, no. 1, 16 April 2018, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329965706_Psycho-Social_Traumatic_Events_among_Women_in_Nigeria. Accessed 25 March 2024. Agbasiere, Joseph Thérèse. Women in Igbo Life and Thought. Edited by Shirley Ardener, Routledge, 2000. Accessed 25 March 2024. Alladi, Uma Kuppuswami. Woman and her family : Indian and Afro-American, a literary perspective. Envoy Press, 1989. Amadiume, Ifeyinwa. “The social and cultural construction of gender realities in an Igbo society : Nnobi case study.” 1983, https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29273/1/10731368.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024.
  • 10. Agbasiere, Joseph Thérèse. Women in Igbo Life and Thought. Edited by Shirley Ardener, Routledge, 2000. Accessed 25 March 2024. Alladi, Uma Kuppuswami. Woman and her family : Indian and Afro-American, a literary perspective. Envoy Press, 1989. Amadiume, Ifeyinwa. “The social and cultural construction of gender realities in an Igbo society : Nnobi case study.” 1983, https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29273/1/10731368.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Andermahr, Sonya, editor. Decolonizing Trauma Studies: Trauma and Postcolonialism. MDPI AG - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2016. Angelou, Maya. “' In all forms of art, part of you is in the trauma, and part of you is a step away from it.'” Accessed '25 March 2024. Asamoah, Julius Arhin. “Francis as a Patriarchal Figure: Unpacking Power Dynamics in Buchi Emecheta's Second Class Citizen.” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, June 2023, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371340448_Francis_as_a_Patriarchal_Figure_Unpacking_Power_Dynamics_in_Buchi_Emecheta's_Second_Class_ Citizen. Accessed 25 March 2024. BALAEV, MICHELLE. “Trends in Literary Trauma Theory.” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal, vol. 41, June 2008, pp. 149-166, https://www.jstor.org/stable/44029500. Accessed 25 March 2024. Bloom, Sandra L. “TRAUMA THEORY ABBREVIATED.” 1999, https://strengthcounselling.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/trauma-theory-abbreviated.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024.
  • 11. Boss, Joyce. “Women and Empowerment: An Interview with Buchi Emecheta.” Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 1988, https://www.academia.edu/91731331/Women_and_Empowerment_An_Interview_with_Buchi_Emecheta?f_ri=25. Accessed 25 March 2024. Brown, Lloyd W. Women writers in Black Africa. Bloomsbury Academic, 1981. Busby, Margaret. “Buchi Emecheta obituary | Fiction.” The Guardian, 3 February 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary?CMP=share_btn_url. Accessed 25 March 2024. Caruth, Cathy. Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016. Choudhury, Nandini. “The black woman speaks: a study of flora nwapa and buchi emecheta.” https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/17580,. Accessed 25 March 2024. CRAPS, STEF, and GERT BUELENS. “INTRODUCTION: POSTCOLONIAL TRAUMA NOVELS.” vol. 40, 2008, pp. 1-12, https://www.jstor.org/stable/29533856. Accessed 25 March 2024. Darko, Daniel Okyere, and Uriah S. Tetteh. “The Significance of the Theme of Marriage to Character Development in the Novels of Buchi Emecheta.” International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL), vol. 3, no. 11, November, 2015, pp. 53-69, https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijsell/v3-i11/7.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Devi, Trishna. “The Treatment of Motherhood in African Culture and Literature.” DJ Journal of English Language and Literature, vol. 2, 19 December 2017, pp. 30-36, https://access.portico.org/stable?au=phw1b1f0msc. Accessed 25 March 2024. Eko, Ebele. “Changes in the Image of the African Woman: A Celebration.” vol. 47, 1986, pp. 210-218, https://www.jstor.org/stable/274988. Accessed 25 March 2024.
  • 12. Ezeigbo, Theodora Akachi. “Traditional women's institutions in Igbo society: implications for the Igbo female writer.” vol. 3, 1990, pp. 149-165, https://doi.org/10.1080/09544169008717717. Accessed 25 March 2024. Eze Ogbonnia, and Kenneth Chigbo. “Cultural Practices of Male Child Preference as a Determinant of Psychological Trauma among Women in South Eastern-Nigeria.” The International Journal of Indian Psychology, vol. 6, April - June, 2018, https://ijip.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/18.01.070.20180602.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Fellah, Hayet, and Nadira Taalba. “Trauma, Violence and Racism in Toni MorriosonˈsThe Bluest Eye (1970) and Buchi Emechetaˈs Second-Class Citizen (1974).” https://dspace.ummto.dz/bitstreams/6203259b-2efa-446a-82ef-cf5fe65e6fd3/download. Accessed 25 March 2024. Heidarizadeh, Negin. “The Significant Role of Trauma in Literature and Psychoanalysis.” vol. 192, 2015, pp. 788-795, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82780838.pdf Accessed 25 March 2024. Howard, Rhoda. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines,, vol. 15, pp. 133-135, https://www.jstor.org/stable/485143. Accessed 25 March 2024. Kalampung, Yan Okhtavianus. “THE THEORY OF POSTCOLONIAL TRAUMAAND ITS IMPACT ON THE RELIGIOUS STUDIES.” vol. 25, 2021, pp. 207-218, https://journal.iain-manado.ac.id/index.php/PP/article/download/1669/1146. Accessed 25 March 2022. Kumah, Carolyn. “African Women and Literature.” West Africa Review, vol. 2, https://www.africaknowledgeproject.org/index.php/war/article/view/435. Accessed 25 March 2024. Kurtz, J. Roger. Trauma and Transformation in African Literature. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. MAMBROL, NASRULLAH. “Trauma Studies - Literary Theory and Criticism.” December 19, 2018, https://literariness.org/2018/12/19/trauma-studies/. Accessed 25 March 2024. Mannoni, Octave. Prospero and Caliban: The Psychology of Colonization. University of Michigan Press, 1990. Accessed 25 March 2024.
  • 13. Mishra, Shristi. “Nnu Ego’s Chi, Subaltern Trauma and the Politics of Gendered Suffering in Buchi Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood.” International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, Jan - Feb,2023, https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-101202323-Nnu.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Monir, ZeinabAbd Sameea’. “Development of the Term Trauma from a Psychoanalytical Perspective.” https://jfafu.journals.ekb.eg/article_62054_6b2675c9f146d6c1b4843bd9cb7591b4.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Morrissey, Ted. Trauma Theory As an Approach to Analyzing Literary Texts: An Updated and Expanded Edition, with Readings. Twelve Winters Press, 2021. Nadaswaran, Shalini. “The Legacy of Buchi Emecheta in Nigerian Women’s Fiction.” International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, vol. 2, March 2012, https://www.ijssh.net/papers/85-CH010.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Nwapa, Flora. Efuru. Pearson Education, 1966. Ogunyemi, Chikwenye Okonjo. “Womanism: The Dynamics of the Contemporary Black Female Novel in English.” vol. 11, 1985, pp. 63-80, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3174287. Accessed 25 March 2024. Okereke, Grace Eche. “The Birth Song as a Medium for Communicating Woman's Maternal Destiny in the Traditional Community.” vol. 25, 1994, pp. 19-32 https://www.jstor.org/stable/3819843. Accessed 25 March 2024. Pandurang, Mala, and Anke Bartels. “Search for Identity and Home in Buchi Emecheta’s novel Second Class Citizen.” Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS, vol. 19, no. 5, May,2014, pp. 32-35, https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol19-issue5/Version-6/E019563235.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024.
  • 14. PANIRAO, Y. “GENDER AND RACIAL ISSUES IN MARIAMA BA, NADINE GORDIMER, BUCHI EMECHETA’S SELECTED NOVELS.” Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL), vol. 2, no. 4, 2014, pp. 1-5, http://rjelal.com/2.4.14/Y%20Panirao%20173-177.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Petersen, Kristen Holst. “PATRIARCHAL, RACIAL AND SOCIAL OPPRESSION ON ADAH AND HER EMANCIPATION THROUGH EDUCATION AND WRITING IN BUCHI EMECHETA’S SECOND CLASS CITIZEN.” no. 2, 2023, pp. 54-80, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2669121. Accessed 25 March 2024. Porter, Abioseh Michael. “Second Class Citizen: The Point of Departure for Understanding Buchi Emecheta's Major Fiction.” vol. 15, 1988, https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/IFR/article/download/13929/15011/0. Accessed 25 March 2024. Roy, Srijanee. “Negotiating Nigerian Motherhood: A Study of Resistance and Subversion in Buchi Emecheta’s Novels.” vol. 12, 2023, https://iisjoa.org/sites/default/files/iisjoa/October_November_2023/28th%20Paper.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Sarmah, Puja. “THE ENIGMA OF TRAUMATISED ‘WOMANHOOD’ IN BUCHI EMECHETA’S THE JOYS OF MOTHERHOOD AND ALICE WALKER’S THE COLOR PURPLE: A CRITICAL STUDY.” JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS, vol. 7, no. 4, 2020, https://www.jcreview.com/admin/Uploads/Files/61b841002c2ef7.93750521.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Segalo, Puleng. “Trauma and Gender.” 2015, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281487812_Trauma_and_Gender. Accessed 25 March 2024. Selvakumar, S., and Dr.Joseph Arul Jayaraj. “A Rereading of the Power Dynamics of Black Women: Perspectives of Buchi Emecheta, an African Feminist with a small ‘f.” JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES, 2021, https://www.jlls.org/index.php/jlls/article/download/4318/1267. Accessed 25 March 2024. Shahin, Suraiya. “An Analysis of ‘son preference’ in Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood.” Online Journal of Multidisciplinary Subjects, vol. 12, no. 2, September, 2018, https://researchguru.net/volume/Volume%2012/Issue%202/RG132.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Uma, Alladi. Woman and Her Family: Indian and Afro-American : a Literary Perspective. Sterling Publishers, 1989.
  • 15. Umana, Eno Ekpenyong. “MISOGYNY IN BUCHI EMECHETA’S SECOND-CLASS CITIZEN AND EL-SAADAWI’S LOVE IN THE KINGDOM OF OIL.” 2011, https://globalacademicgroup.com/journals/knowledge%20review/MISOGYNY%20IN%20BUCHI%20EMECHETA%E2%80%99S%20SECOND-CLASS%2 0CITIZEN%20AND.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2024. Umeh, Marie A. “African Women in Transition in The Novels of Buchi Emecheta.” Présence Africaine, 1980, pp. 190-201, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24350026. Accessed 25 March 2024. Umeh, Marie A. “The Joys of Motherhood: Myth or Reality?” Digital Commons @ Colby, 1982, https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cq?utm_source=digitalcommons.colby.edu%2Fcq%2Fvol18%2Fiss1%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCove rPages. Accessed 25 March 2024. Vesanumni, Mari. “Woman's position in Igbo Society According to The Joys of Motherhood by Buchi Emecheta.” https://trepo.tuni.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/78042/gradu01879.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Accessed 25 March 2024. Waheed, Dr. Saima, et al. “THE ENIGMA OF TRAUMATIZED ‘WOMANHOOD’ IN BUCHI EMECHETA’S THE JOYS OF MOTHERHOOD: A CRITICAL STUDY.” PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt, vol. 18, January, 2021, https://www.noormags.ir/view/en/articlepage/2030373/the-enigma-of-traumatized-womanhood-in-buchi-emecheta-s-the-joys-of-motherhood-a-critical-study. Accessed 25 March 2024. Ward, Cynthia. “What They Told Buchi Emecheta: Oral Subjectivity and the Joys of "Otherhood."” vol. 105, January,1990, pp. 83-97, https://www.jstor.org/stable/462345. Accessed 25 March 2024.
  • 16. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik