This presentation was delivered by Eric Baran, Tuantong Jutagate and Kithya Ouch at the Lancang – Mekong Environmental Study Workshop that took place at the 2016 Greater Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy.
The presentation describes the status of fish biodiversity and fisheries between Chiang Saen and Luang Prabang.
Lessons from Damming in the Mekong Tributaries: Effects on Riverine Fish Comm...Mekong Fish Network
Fish monitoring was conducted in three Mekong tributaries in Thailand that share a similar natural environment but differ in hydrological regulations. Despite similar historical fish assemblages reported prior to the regulation, these tributaries currently support contrasting assemblages for both adults and larvae. Fish assemblage in an unregulated tributary with no existing dams along its mainstem showed a highest species diversity with a clear seasonal fluctuation in the number of species. Fish assemblage in a tributary having a series of low-head dams was characterized by low species diversity and less seasonal fluctuation in the diversity. Lastly, fish assemblage in a tributary with a large hydropower dam near the Mekong confluence changed according to the operation of the dam. Short-distance as well as a few long-distance migratory species dominated the assemblage during a period when sluice gates were opened in the rainy season.
A change from lotic to lentic systems and associated alternations to river flow by dams impact a life history of fishes, especially that of facultative riverine species. Although these fish are able to sustain populations in a lentic system, they typically exhibit lower productivity, slower growth rates, smaller maximum sizes and delayed maturation ages compared to their lotic counterparts.
While state-of-the-art technologies for fish passage at hydropower dams for small and medium-sized rivers or for single species such as salmon are available nowadays, solutions for large rivers with multi-species such as the Mekong River are widely missing. Objective of this review is to elucidate migratory particularities of large rivers inhabiting multi-species fish assemblages, analyse advantages and disadvantages of existing fish pass solutions, discuss the potential applicability to the Mekong River and identify research gaps. Large warm-water rivers inhabit a wide range of different species encompassing migratory fish ranging from 20 to >200 cm, migration distances >1000 km and iteroparous life histories. Migrations may take place throughout the year due to species-specific spawning seasons and other migratory needs. A key challenge for fish pass solutions at large rivers is to attract fish to fish pass entries. As a solution, multiple fish passes and/or entries are recommended including options for bottom, surface and open water orientated species. Large fish and large number of fish during migration peaks require dimensions of fish passes going far beyond the size of conventional fish passes. A further challenge is that solutions or even experiences for downstream migration in large, multi-species rivers are widely lacking.
Fisheries of the Mekong: Death by a 1000 Cuts or Just Another Day at the Office?Mekong Fish Network
Economic development in the Mekong region has brought with it considerable environmental change, with more to follow. The river has already been highly modified by a plethora or perturbations including damming for hydropower and irrigation, disconnection of the flood plains for agriculture and growing urbanization. These have all impacted on the fish and fisheries and delivery of aquatic food products from the system, but the system has to date remained largely resilient, or has it? This paper explores the widespread degradation of the system and how fisheries have responded, looks at future prospects of the river and how the fisheries may be impacts and final examines opportunities which may help to mitigate future development scenarios, especially with respect to hydropower development.
Fish biodiversity and their present conservation status 5 1-53-491Md. Monjurul Hasan
This study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2016 with a view to assessing the
biodiversity of fishes in the River Meghna and their conservation status both in Bangladesh and global
aspects. A total of 107 fish species belonging to 13 orders and 26 families were documented. Perciformes
was found to be the most dominant order consisting 32% of the total fish population. Cyprinidae was
found to be the richest family (16%). Twenty common groups were recorded in the studied areas.
Estuary-River was found to be the biggest habitat for the maximum number of fishes (43%). Twenty one
threatened fish species (20%) were recorded from the River Meghna in which 11 species (10.28%) were
found as Vulnerable (VU), 8 species (7.48%) as Endangered (EN) and 2 species (2%) as Critically
Endangered (CR). Steps should be taken to conserve threatened fish species of Meghna River from the
risk of extinction.
Important fish migrations take place in the Lower Mekong River of Southern Lao PDR during the dry and wet season months. The riparian communities are aware of these movements and target a large number of species using a wide range of fishing gear. The objectives of the research were to identify the main migratory species, the timing, fish production, direction, purpose, main influencing factors and the change in magnitude of migration between years. Research into the wet-season movements has been carried out from 2007 to 2013 in one rocky channel (Hoo Som Yai) at the Great Fault Line (Khong district) with supported by Fisheries Program of Mekong River Commision (MRC). The Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) data were recorded directly from fishers operating the Lee traps and measured water flow in Hoo Som Yai from late May to the end of September each year. The data were collected in wet season from 2007 to 2013 showed the main wet season migrants come from the families, Pangasidae, Siluridae catfish and Cyprinidae. The white fish were the dominant species that passed to this channel and follow by grey fish. A few black fish were also captured.
Session 6: River Health and Hydropower on the Lancang River was hosted by EcoFish and the Asian International Rivers Center, Yunnan University at the 2017 Greater Mekong Forum on Water Food and Energy. After three years works of implementing the WLE project on 'Balancing River Health and Hydropower Requirements in the Lancang River Basin', we have made progress in balancing river health and hydropower requirements in the Lancang River Basin. This Session will present results from the project. The impacts of hydropower on river health, environmental management of hydropower with a perspective on river health, and transboundary environmental effects of Chinese dams will be summarized and discussed at the session. In addition to presenting research findings and development advances, the session will also share experience and lessons learned in China with Mekong countries that are seeking hydropower to propel economic and social development.
Mobile sailing robot for automatic estimation of fish density and monitoring ...Mateusz383
ntroduction
The paper presents the methodology and the algorithm developed to analyze sonar images focused on fish detection in small water bodies and measurement of their parameters: volume, depth and the GPS location. The final results are stored in a table and can be exported to any numerical environment for further analysis.
Material and method
The measurement method for estimating the number of fish using the automatic robot is based on a sequential calculation of the number of occurrences of fish on the set trajectory. The data analysis from the sonar concerned automatic recognition of fish using the methods of image analysis and processing.
Results
Image analysis algorithm, a mobile robot together with its control in the 2.4 GHz band and full cryptographic communication with the data archiving station was developed as part of this study. For the three model fish ponds where verification of fish catches was carried out (548, 171 and 226 individuals), the measurement error for the described method was not exceeded 8%.
Summary
Created robot together with the developed software has features for remote work also in the variety of harsh weather and environmental conditions, is fully automated and can be remotely controlled using Internet. Designed system enables fish spatial location (GPS coordinates and the depth). The purpose of the robot is a non-invasive measurement of the number of fish in water reservoirs and a measurement of the quality of drinking water consumed by humans, especially in situations where local sources of pollution could have a significant impact on the quality of water collected for water treatment for people and when getting to these places is difficult. The systematically used robot equipped with the appropriate sensors, can be part of early warning system against the pollution of water used by humans (drinking water, natural swimming pools) which can be dangerous for their health.
This presentation was delivered by Eric Baran, Tuantong Jutagate and Kithya Ouch at the Lancang – Mekong Environmental Study Workshop that took place at the 2016 Greater Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy.
The presentation describes the status of fish biodiversity and fisheries between Chiang Saen and Luang Prabang.
Lessons from Damming in the Mekong Tributaries: Effects on Riverine Fish Comm...Mekong Fish Network
Fish monitoring was conducted in three Mekong tributaries in Thailand that share a similar natural environment but differ in hydrological regulations. Despite similar historical fish assemblages reported prior to the regulation, these tributaries currently support contrasting assemblages for both adults and larvae. Fish assemblage in an unregulated tributary with no existing dams along its mainstem showed a highest species diversity with a clear seasonal fluctuation in the number of species. Fish assemblage in a tributary having a series of low-head dams was characterized by low species diversity and less seasonal fluctuation in the diversity. Lastly, fish assemblage in a tributary with a large hydropower dam near the Mekong confluence changed according to the operation of the dam. Short-distance as well as a few long-distance migratory species dominated the assemblage during a period when sluice gates were opened in the rainy season.
A change from lotic to lentic systems and associated alternations to river flow by dams impact a life history of fishes, especially that of facultative riverine species. Although these fish are able to sustain populations in a lentic system, they typically exhibit lower productivity, slower growth rates, smaller maximum sizes and delayed maturation ages compared to their lotic counterparts.
While state-of-the-art technologies for fish passage at hydropower dams for small and medium-sized rivers or for single species such as salmon are available nowadays, solutions for large rivers with multi-species such as the Mekong River are widely missing. Objective of this review is to elucidate migratory particularities of large rivers inhabiting multi-species fish assemblages, analyse advantages and disadvantages of existing fish pass solutions, discuss the potential applicability to the Mekong River and identify research gaps. Large warm-water rivers inhabit a wide range of different species encompassing migratory fish ranging from 20 to >200 cm, migration distances >1000 km and iteroparous life histories. Migrations may take place throughout the year due to species-specific spawning seasons and other migratory needs. A key challenge for fish pass solutions at large rivers is to attract fish to fish pass entries. As a solution, multiple fish passes and/or entries are recommended including options for bottom, surface and open water orientated species. Large fish and large number of fish during migration peaks require dimensions of fish passes going far beyond the size of conventional fish passes. A further challenge is that solutions or even experiences for downstream migration in large, multi-species rivers are widely lacking.
Fisheries of the Mekong: Death by a 1000 Cuts or Just Another Day at the Office?Mekong Fish Network
Economic development in the Mekong region has brought with it considerable environmental change, with more to follow. The river has already been highly modified by a plethora or perturbations including damming for hydropower and irrigation, disconnection of the flood plains for agriculture and growing urbanization. These have all impacted on the fish and fisheries and delivery of aquatic food products from the system, but the system has to date remained largely resilient, or has it? This paper explores the widespread degradation of the system and how fisheries have responded, looks at future prospects of the river and how the fisheries may be impacts and final examines opportunities which may help to mitigate future development scenarios, especially with respect to hydropower development.
Fish biodiversity and their present conservation status 5 1-53-491Md. Monjurul Hasan
This study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2016 with a view to assessing the
biodiversity of fishes in the River Meghna and their conservation status both in Bangladesh and global
aspects. A total of 107 fish species belonging to 13 orders and 26 families were documented. Perciformes
was found to be the most dominant order consisting 32% of the total fish population. Cyprinidae was
found to be the richest family (16%). Twenty common groups were recorded in the studied areas.
Estuary-River was found to be the biggest habitat for the maximum number of fishes (43%). Twenty one
threatened fish species (20%) were recorded from the River Meghna in which 11 species (10.28%) were
found as Vulnerable (VU), 8 species (7.48%) as Endangered (EN) and 2 species (2%) as Critically
Endangered (CR). Steps should be taken to conserve threatened fish species of Meghna River from the
risk of extinction.
Important fish migrations take place in the Lower Mekong River of Southern Lao PDR during the dry and wet season months. The riparian communities are aware of these movements and target a large number of species using a wide range of fishing gear. The objectives of the research were to identify the main migratory species, the timing, fish production, direction, purpose, main influencing factors and the change in magnitude of migration between years. Research into the wet-season movements has been carried out from 2007 to 2013 in one rocky channel (Hoo Som Yai) at the Great Fault Line (Khong district) with supported by Fisheries Program of Mekong River Commision (MRC). The Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) data were recorded directly from fishers operating the Lee traps and measured water flow in Hoo Som Yai from late May to the end of September each year. The data were collected in wet season from 2007 to 2013 showed the main wet season migrants come from the families, Pangasidae, Siluridae catfish and Cyprinidae. The white fish were the dominant species that passed to this channel and follow by grey fish. A few black fish were also captured.
Session 6: River Health and Hydropower on the Lancang River was hosted by EcoFish and the Asian International Rivers Center, Yunnan University at the 2017 Greater Mekong Forum on Water Food and Energy. After three years works of implementing the WLE project on 'Balancing River Health and Hydropower Requirements in the Lancang River Basin', we have made progress in balancing river health and hydropower requirements in the Lancang River Basin. This Session will present results from the project. The impacts of hydropower on river health, environmental management of hydropower with a perspective on river health, and transboundary environmental effects of Chinese dams will be summarized and discussed at the session. In addition to presenting research findings and development advances, the session will also share experience and lessons learned in China with Mekong countries that are seeking hydropower to propel economic and social development.
Mobile sailing robot for automatic estimation of fish density and monitoring ...Mateusz383
ntroduction
The paper presents the methodology and the algorithm developed to analyze sonar images focused on fish detection in small water bodies and measurement of their parameters: volume, depth and the GPS location. The final results are stored in a table and can be exported to any numerical environment for further analysis.
Material and method
The measurement method for estimating the number of fish using the automatic robot is based on a sequential calculation of the number of occurrences of fish on the set trajectory. The data analysis from the sonar concerned automatic recognition of fish using the methods of image analysis and processing.
Results
Image analysis algorithm, a mobile robot together with its control in the 2.4 GHz band and full cryptographic communication with the data archiving station was developed as part of this study. For the three model fish ponds where verification of fish catches was carried out (548, 171 and 226 individuals), the measurement error for the described method was not exceeded 8%.
Summary
Created robot together with the developed software has features for remote work also in the variety of harsh weather and environmental conditions, is fully automated and can be remotely controlled using Internet. Designed system enables fish spatial location (GPS coordinates and the depth). The purpose of the robot is a non-invasive measurement of the number of fish in water reservoirs and a measurement of the quality of drinking water consumed by humans, especially in situations where local sources of pollution could have a significant impact on the quality of water collected for water treatment for people and when getting to these places is difficult. The systematically used robot equipped with the appropriate sensors, can be part of early warning system against the pollution of water used by humans (drinking water, natural swimming pools) which can be dangerous for their health.
The Vietnam National Mekong Committee conducted a Mekong Dam Study, the results of which were presented at the Greater Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy in Phnom Penh on Oct. 21, 2015. This presentation overviews their Fisheries Impact Assessment.
This research was done in Pelabuhan Ratu Bay, about 60 km South Sukabumi Regency. The aim of this study is to determine the suitable area for floating net cage culture that can be developed. The method used in this study is spatial analysis using GIS technique. The data used include secondary and primary data from 2007 until 2008. Spatial analysis result shows, about 8,500 ha of location is suitable for the development of floating net cage culture or about 98% of the total research region worked.
Sustainable Hydropower Development Alternatives for the MekongJessicaNagtalon
Presentation by Gregory Thomas, CEO of the Natural Heritage Institute on NHI's work in Cambodia and Laos to produce sustainable hydropower development alternatives to protect the extraordinary natural productivity of the Mekong River.
Desalination Overview and 24 MLD Jaffna SWRO Project May, 2015 - Water Globe.Private Consultants
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Traditional pond technology depends on nature in management, such as filling and disposal of pond water utilizing the time of low and high tides. The food for traditional pond technology comes from nature. The availability of nutrients such as N and P greatly determines the productivity of pond. The study was aimed to determine the fluctuations of N and P elements in traditional pond areas at tides. This research was conducted with purposive sampling method and laboratory analysis for several water parameters. The results showed that pH ranged from 7 to 8 both at low tide and high tide. The average value of nitrate (NO3) from five locations was extended from 0.106 to 1.495 mg/l. The value of silica (Si) ranged from 5,287 to 10,876 mg/l in low tide. Orthophosphate at low tide ranged from 0.027 to 0.090 mg/l, the highest value was in the coast station and the lowest was in the sea station. Whereas the value of nitrate (NO3) and orthophosphate in high tide ranged from 0.830 to 1.495 mg/l and 0.039 to 0.090 mg/l. Nutrients were abundant enough to support the growth and development of primary producers. So, the waters in this region include fertile waters.
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Optimising fish friendly criteria for incorporation into the design of mini-hydro schemes
1. CPWF MK 15 Presentation
Optimising fish-friendly criteria for incorporation into the
design of mini-hydro schemes in the Lower Mekong Basin
Dr Oudom PHONEKHAMPHENG,
Dean Fac. Ag., National University of Laos (NUOL)
Mr Douangkham SINGHANOUVONG,
Deputy-Director, Living Aquatic Resource and Research Centre (LARReC), Ministry of Agriculture
and Forestry Lao PDR
Mr Garry Thorncraft, Research Associate
NUOL
Hanoi November 2013
2. Outline of talk:
Brief Background to Lao Fish Passage Team
–
–
–
–
2008 to 2009 ACIAR Project No: FIS/2006/083 (upstream passage)
2010 to 2015 ACIAR Project No: FIS/2009/041 (upstream passage)
2013 ACIAR Project No: FIS/2011/072 (downstream)
2014 to 2017 ACIAR Project: FIS/2012/100 (downstream passage)
2013 CPWF Project No: MK15 (downstream passage)
–
–
–
–
–
Mini-hydro development (low-head high-volume)
Barotrauma
Shear
Feasibility in Lao PDR
Guidelines (preliminary)
3. Lao Fish Passage Team Aims:
Support the Sustainable Development of Water
Infrastructure in Lao PDR – By Helping Maintain
both Upstream and Downstream Fish Passage
Collaboration between LARReC and NUOL as lead research and
educational institutions in Lao PDR
Assistance from international research partners including:
o NSW Dept. Primary Industries, Australia
o QLD Dept. Primary Industries, Australia
o Pacific Northwestern National Laboratories, USA
o Individual Expert Consultancies as required.
4. Lao Fish Passage Project Objectives:
Improved understanding of technology to facilitate fish migrations on
floodplains and inclusion of this information into tertiary education
curriculum of NUOL.
Improved ability for Lao researchers and fisheries managers to
understand and apply floodplain fish passage technology at the
village, district and provincial level.
Improved local economies through increased fisheries' production
where fish passage is considered
Improvement of floodplain fisheries diversity, abundance and
sustainability wherever fish passage is considered in the lower
Mekong Basin
5. Social and Economic Importance of fish
LMB – approx 2.2 million tonnes per annum –
food and hard income
About 2% of total world fish catch, 800 plus spp
Importance of fish in sustenance diets
Fish
Beef
Pork
Chicken
kg/person/year
kg/person/year
kg/person/year
kg/person/year
Lao PDR
29
(48% animal
protein)
5
6
5
Cambodia
37
(79% animal
protein)
2
3
2
10. Downstream fish passage through
gates and spillways
Undershot configuration
ncreasing
pressure
Rapid increase in vel.
& decrease pressure
Turbulent
shear
Shear stress
Overshot configuration
Decrease in
pressure,
increased
turbulent
shear
Increased
pressure / collision
11. Irrigation development helps rice farmers, but weirs and
floodgates can prevent fish migration, so improving fish
passage can = improved livelihoods based on both “Rice and
Fish”.
But can we now add hydro power to the equation (MK 15)?
14. 2013 CPWF Project No: MK15
Optimising fish-friendly criteria for incorporation into the
design of mini-hydro (low head – high flow) schemes in
the Lower Mekong Basin
Lao researchers trained in to assess injury and mortality to fish
through exposure to changes in barotrauma (water pressure) and
shear forces (fast water flows).
Produce a fish-friendly mini-hydro power pre-feasibility study specific
to Lao PDR.
Create preliminary engineering design criteria guidelines to minimise
injury and mortality to downstream migrating fish.
Presented results through regional workshop to fisheries researchers,
water infrastructure engineers and resource managers in the LMB.
21. Percent Mortality 24hr post treatment
Pressure Change Data: very early results – more
replication (reduce error bars) and improved handling
Treatment
22. Shear Lab at Don Dok Campus Vientiane, National University of Lao
Lao
USA
23. Published estimates of shear stress in natural and man-made
altered environments (reproduced from Neitzel et al, 2000).
24. Silver shark (sometimes referred to as Bala shark;
Balantiocheilos melanopterus )
Natural range 200 up to 2,600 (N/m2)
Bulb Turbine 500 up to 5,421 (Nm2)
25.
26. Other work:
Feasibility studies on potential for low-head high-flow
hydro in Lao PDR
– Fieldwork completed, in drafting stage
Preliminary Engineering guidelines for fish-friendly
hydro development
– Drafting stage
27. BUT
The CPWF MK15 project is just the start of this work, it will need to be followed up
with further research on the range of fish species and life stages that migrate
downstream and then field assessed to ensure acceptable safe passage is achieved.
Lao now has these facilities and the knowledge of how to run the experiments, so we
are in a position to help develop the biological answers hydro engineers need in order to
design fish-friendly low head-high volume small-scale hydro schemes capable of
being retro-fitted on existing, or included in new, irrigation schemes in Loa PDR.
= Rice + Fish + Power