This document summarizes a research study on mainstreaming environmental and climate change adaptation into road projects in Cambodia. It identifies several key challenges: a lack of research on climate-resilient road investment; the need to operationalize climate adaptation in project design, assessment, and implementation; and institutional challenges related to resource dependency, decision-making power dynamics, and capacity limitations. The study examines two road projects to analyze how climate risks were considered in environmental assessments and resilience efforts. It finds inconsistencies between the projects and gaps in comprehensively addressing adaptation. Stakeholder interviews revealed that budget constraints, pressure for results, and uncertainty can hamper mainstreaming climate adaptation in practice.
Presented at the Clean Energy Conference 2018 (June 7 to 8, 2018) hosted by the Energy Chamber of Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago has recently ratified the Paris Agreement and Cabinet has recently approved the Implementation Plan for our Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. This NDC Implementation Plan is the road map for meeting our NDC targets, financing the NDC is estimated to be $2 billion USD.
Climate finance that is adequate, sustainable, predictable and accessible is required to successful achieve our NDC and is expected from a mix of sources.
T&T’s NDC offers numerous investment opportunities for financing renewable energy projects in T&T but we need to address how to effectively access and mobilize climate finance.
Presented at the Clean Energy Conference 2018 (June 7 to 8, 2018) hosted by the Energy Chamber of Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago has recently ratified the Paris Agreement and Cabinet has recently approved the Implementation Plan for our Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. This NDC Implementation Plan is the road map for meeting our NDC targets, financing the NDC is estimated to be $2 billion USD.
Climate finance that is adequate, sustainable, predictable and accessible is required to successful achieve our NDC and is expected from a mix of sources.
T&T’s NDC offers numerous investment opportunities for financing renewable energy projects in T&T but we need to address how to effectively access and mobilize climate finance.
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Presentation on 'Managing the water and energy challenge at a national scale: The US perspective' by Kelly A. Kryc from the U.S. Department of State at 2014 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference. Preparing for World Water Day 2014: Partnerships for improving water and energy access, efficiency and sustainability. 13-16 January 2014
Mary Jo Lavelle "Adopting the energy cultures framework to promote pro-environmental behavioural change on the island of Ireland." Lightening Talk Energy Cultures Conference 2016
Drivers and transitions for global transport: preliminary results from an international Delphi study. Janet Stephenson, Debbie Hopkins, Adam Doering
Energy Cultures II Project, Centre for Sustainability
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Presentation on 'Setting the Scene', by Adeel Zafar, United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, at 2014 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference. Preparing for World Water Day 2014: Partnerships for improving water and energy access, efficiency and sustainability. 13-16 January 2014.
Newcastle City Council - 14 Feb 2014 - Local perspectives on bluegreencitiesKit England
Presentation given to the first local stakeholders meeting of the EPSRC BlueGreenCities project on some local perspectives of BlueGreenCities, including drivers, current state of play, challenges, and hopes for what the project might achieve.
Dr Janet Stephenson, leader of the Energy Cultures 2 research project, gave this presentation on the findings of the Transport Delphi study at the National Energy Research Institute conference in Wellington, March 20-21, 2014.
Ensuring Universal Energy Access
Italy and the U.S. announced the launch of Lighting India, which will bring modern lighting services to two million people by the end of 2015. This builds on the success of the Lighting Africa program, which has already accelerated market-driven delivery of quality off-grid lighting devices to 2.5 million people in Africa. Both of these programs are affiliated with the Global Lighting and Energy Access Partnership (Global LEAP) announced today to promote market-based delivery of low-cost, quality-assured solutions to consumers who currently lack modern energy options. Other Global LEAP partners include the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the UN Foundation, the Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), the African Development Bank, the Global Environment Facility, the UN Development Program, and Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry. More than 100 private sector and civil society organizations have expressed support for its principles.
This is a partial presentation our in depth green real estate finance and investment seminars for sustainability professionals. Galley Eco Capital has pioneered financial services to real estate developers, investors and sustainability practice leaders on green real estate finance best practices that boost returns.
Presentation on 'Managing the water and energy challenge at a national scale: The US perspective' by Kelly A. Kryc from the U.S. Department of State at 2014 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference. Preparing for World Water Day 2014: Partnerships for improving water and energy access, efficiency and sustainability. 13-16 January 2014
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www.fao.org/climatechange/epic
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1. Mainstreaming environmental and
climate change adaptation into
road projects in Cambodia:
Institutional challenges
2015 ACCARNSI Early Career Research Forum
--------------
Bunlong LENG, PhD Candidate
University of Melbourne
20-22 July 2015
1
2. 2
1. Research Gaps
Development aid invests largely in
climate-vulnerable areas.
“Investment-as-usual” can increase
vulnerability to climate change.
(Adger, Lorenzoni, & O'Brien, 2009, p. 2; Boakye-
Agyei, 2011)
Evidence of little research on
climate-resilient road investment
(Matus Kramer, Prudent-Richard, Sainsbury, &
Schreitter, 2012)
Source: Vutha Cambodian Post
Timelines, 2014
Source: the Author, 2013
3. 3
2. Research Significance
• Climate-proofing road in
theory and practice.
• Climate-integrated
environmental assessment
(Agrawala, et al., 2012;
Stephen, 2013)
• -Climate vulnerability risk
assessment (ADB, 2010)
• Institutional change
(Inderberg & Eikeland, 2009,
Goldman, 2005; Sietz, et al.,
2008; Tang, 2011). Source: MWPT, 2012
4. 4
3. Research Aim
Donor aid
Institutional change
Climate
Resilience
Environmental assessment &
Climate vulnerability assessment
E.g. a Road Project
Appraisal
Design
ImplementationMonitoring
Identification
Source: the Author
5. 4. Two Case Studies
Case 1: Commune road
improvement 2012-13
• Global Climate
Change Alliance
• EU & Sub-national
administration
• Government’s
Environmental
Assessment Policy
Case 2: Provincial road
improvement 2011-15
• Pilot Program for
Climate Resilience
• ADB & Ministry of
Transport
• ADB’s Environmental
Assessment Policy
5
6. 5. Environmental Assessment?
Case 1:
• No climate in its
IEE/EMP
• IEE/EMP includes
grass and tree
planting
Case2:
• Climate in its
IEE/EMP
• IEE/EMP includes
ecosystem-based
adaptation
• A debatable answer on adaptation
6
7. 7
5. Environmental Assessment?
“Environmental Assessment 2009 covers elements
of climate change, but not on adaptation
measures.” Participant 1.6.
• Lack of coherent climate-proofing approach—
comprehensive guideline
8. 6. What is climate resilience?
Case 1:
• Vulnerability risk
assessment (VRA) at
commune level
• Mainstream
adaptation into sub-
national (commune)
development policy
Case 2:
• Climate change
survey at community
level
• Mainstream
adaptation into road
transport policy
8
9. 9
6. What is climate resilience?
Ownership to government, but to follow
climate resilience criteria.
Resource dependency—exert power, with an
ideological purpose, by supplying resources that
are depended upon by the government (Caroline
Hughes, 2009).
“Making road resilience to climate change requires
additional costs. We need donors to support ... “,
participant 49.
10. 10
7. What are institutional challenges?
Resource dependency, decision power, & ownership
capacity:
1. “…week institutional capacity, ADB has leverage to
drive and control the project quality”. Participant
1.61
2. “…as long as we can get free grant, governments are
happy to accept anything”. Participant 1.4
3. “…government will entertain donor requirements so
that the project can move forward”. Participant 1.9
11. 11
7. Institutional challenges?
Resource dependency
• Fixed budget vs. higher costs—why pay
incremental cost (15%-30%)?
• Expect adaption fund. “We know the potential
risks, but …because people are waiting for
roads and government has budget limitation”.
Participant 1.11
Decision Power
• Pressure of time and results vs. cost/benefit
with uncertainty.
• Resilience is part of risk management vs. $$
13. 13
8. Conclusion
Mainstreaming is not simply a
result or outcome, but rather an
ongoing process that enables
climate-proofing development.
Source: the Author, 2013
