1. Explanation Text
ANGGOTA:
CLARA PINGGAR SKW.
DEPI ROSITA
INTAN PURNAMA SARI
PUPUT MARTA T.
PUTRI AGENG P.
RISKI HERLINA
2. Explanation Text
Explaining the processes that occur
in the formation or the activities
associated with natural phenomena, the
scientific world, socio-cultural, or other
purpose explained.
3. • Purpose :
To explain the processes involved in
the formation or working of natural or
socio-cultural phenomena.
• Generic Structure:
1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing
4. • Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-
effect.
5. The Difference Between Explanation
and Procedure Text
Seeing the social function, both procedure and
explanation texts have the similarity in which both of them
describe how to make or do something. They give the detail
descriptions on something, phenomena, goods, product,
case or problem.
To see the differences between explanation and procedure,
we have to analyze the dominant language features and
how the texts are used.
Procedure is commonly called as an instruction text. It uses
a pattern of command in building the structure. It uses the
“to infinitive verb” which is omitted the “to” as well. It is
mainly used to describe how to make something which is
close to our daily activity. How to make a cup of tea, how to
make a good kite, etc. are the best example of a procedure
text.
6. On the other hand; explanation commonly
uses the passive voice in building the text. It is
used such as in a scientific written material. It
describes how certain phenomenon or event
happens. How a tornado formed, how tsunami
works are the best examples of explanation texts.
In conclusion, what makes superficially different
is the way how they are structured. In one side,
explanation text is formed in the mode of
description. It focuses on the thing which is
explained. In the other side, Procedure text is
constructed in the mode of instruction and
command. That is why Procedure is sometimes
called instruction text. It focuses on the second
person to explain how to form something.
7. Example Of Explanation Text
Tsunami
The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour
("tsu") and wave ("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when
water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.
A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and
vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of
the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries.
Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunami,
and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.
As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to
regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by
the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the
sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.
8. Venus Flytrap
The Venus Flytrap is an extraordinary plant. It is a carnivorous
(flesh eating) plant which can digest flies and other insects.
When the ‘trap’ is open, it looks like a large seashell with sharp,
spiky ‘teeth’. It has bright colours and a beautiful scent.
Insects are attracted to the plant because of its vibrant colours and
its sweet-scented nectar. The insects land on small ‘trigger’ hairs of
the trap and this pressure causes the trap to close. If the insect is
too small, the chamber will not close, because there is not enough
pressure. Once the trap has swallowed an insect it takes ten days to
diggest it.
The Venus Flytrap prefers tropical weather and so it is found in
places like South America. It is often used by people to catch the
annoying insects that fly around their houses. In my opinion it’s very
useful plant!
10. 1. A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a
great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually
causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of
money. The causalities are injured or died. Some
people are homeless and need medical care.
Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or
streams overflow their banks and pour out into the
surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different
thins. Often heave rainstorms that last for a brief time
can cause a flood. But not all heave storms are
followed by flooding. If the surrounding lands is flat
and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If.
however, the lands is hard and rocky heavy rain cannot
be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may
overflow and flood adjacent lowland.
11. in many parts of the world floods are caused by
tropical storms called hurricanes of typhoons. The
bring destructive winds of high speed torrents of rain,
and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to
the surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and
towns are sometimes-swept away bay water pouring
swiftly over the land. Railroad tracks buckles and are
uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.
When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched
in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were
invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires.
Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from
the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of
water from hand to hand to be poured on the flames.
The damage of fire did depend a great deal on
were it happened. In at the country or a small village,
only a single house might burn down. But in crowded
cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and
neighbourhoods before being controlled.
12. UNAS-SMA-00-14
Why do hurricanes of typhoons usually cause great
destruction? Because they ...
A. bring destructive winds and torrential rains
B. are heave enough to cause flood
C. are heave storms
D. are hard winds
E. are tropical storms
UNAS-SMA-00-15
Modern fire brigades use ... to fight fire.
A. buckets of water
B. spraying sand
C. human chain
D. fire pump
E. fire arm
13. 2. Have you ever wondered how people get
chocolate from? In this article we'll enter the amazing
world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what
you're eating.
Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree.
This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in
places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia.
The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small
pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree's seeds, also
known as cocoa beans.
The beans are fermented for about a week, dried
in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The
chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring
out the flavour
.
14. . Different beans from different places
have different qualities and flavor, so they are often
sorted and blanded to produce a distinctive mix. Next,
the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes
the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the
nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make
it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It
tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and
cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans
are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid.
It's pure bitter chocolate
15. UN-SMA-07-36
The text is about ...
A. the cacao tree
B. the cacao beans
C. the raw chocolate
D. the making of chocolate
E. the flavour of chocolate
UN-SMA-07-37
The third paragraph focuses on ...
A. the process of producing chocolate
B. how to produce the cocoa flavour
C. where chocolate comes from
D. the chocolate liquor
E. the cacao fruit
16. UN-SMA-07-38
" ..., so they are often sorted and blended to produce ..."
(Paragraph 3)
The underlined word is close in meaning to ...
A. arranged
B. combined
C. separated
D. distributed
E. organized
UN-SMA-07-39
How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate?
A. By fermenting the beans.
B. By roasting the beans,
C. By blending the beans.
D. By sorting the beans.
E. By drying the beans
17. 3. Satellite Space-eye does not look like the
satellites of the 1980's. It has large wings that gather
solar power. The power is for the motor. It keeps the
satellite in the same place above the earth. All the big
farmers in the area have paid for the cost of Satellite
Space-eye.
Constanza is one of those farmers. His home
computer makes the connection with Satellite Space-
eye. He asks to see a picture of the field in the south-
west corner of his farm. The picture appears on a TV
screen. It is a picture of a green wheat field. Everything
looks fine, he then asks the computer to show the same
area, but in colours. .The colours show the different
temperatures in the field. He knows healthy wheat
plants will all be green. The TV screen blinks and a
beautiful picture appears. It has many shades of blue,
red, and green.
18. Constanza looks closely at the large red spot near
the middle of the wheat field. He knows that something
is wrong in the wheat field. The red colour means the
spot is warmer than its surroundings. It may be due to
lack of moisture or not enough nutrients in the soil.
Insects eating the wheat can also show a red spot.
Constanza tells the computer to tell him more
about the warm spot. The computer points out that the
problem is a shortage of nitrogen in the soil. He asks
the computer to predict the harvest if he adds the
fertilizer. He then tells the computer the current market
price for wheat. He also tells the price of the fertilizer.
He asks for a costing. He wants to know if it will give
him a profit to add the fertilizer. The computer gives
him the answer. Is it a science fiction? No, it is
happening now.
19. UN-SMA-04-23
The text tells about ...
A. Constanza and his wheat field
B. the use of Satellite Space - eye in farming
C. the blue, red, and green colours on the TV screen
D. the meaning of the colours appeared on the TV
screen
E. the ability of the computer to predict
UN-SMA-04-24
The main idea of paragraph two is …
A. Constanza is one of the farmers who makes use of
the Satellite Space-eye.
B. Constanza's home computer is connected to
Satellite Space-eye.
C. The picture appears on the TV screen comes from
Satellite Space-eye.
D. Various information can be served by Satellite
Space-eye.
E. The Satellite Space-eye sent Constanza what he
wanted.
20. UN-SMA-04-25
The red colour showed on the TV screen means t
A. the plants are healthy
B. the soil does not have enough nutrients
C. the temperature is low
D. the plants are not disturbed by any insects
E. the wheat field is in good condition
UN-SMA-04-26
"It may be due to lack of moisture." (Paragraph 3
We can replace the underlined word with ...
A. make
B. have
C. get
D. owing to
E. let
21. A planet is a body in space that revolves around a
star. There are nine planets in our solar system, and
these nine planets travel around the sun. The names of
the planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
Planets travel in orbit, around the stars. All of the
planets of the solar system revolve ill elliptical orbits.
In other Words, their orbits are like large, flat circles.
The time that it takes a planet to make one revolution
around the sun is called a year.
The Greeks were the first people to recognize and
give names to some of the planets. The word planet
comes from a Greek word meaning wanderer. If a
person wanders, tills means that he goes from one
place to another and does not have a home. The Greeks
thought that planets "wandered" in the sky. However,
modern scientists can predict the movement of the
planets very accurately.
22. UN-SMA-03-01
What is the suitable title for this text?
A. The Stars.
B. The Planets.
C. The Orbits.
D. The Wanderers
E. The Greeks.
UN-SMA-03-02
The planets in our solar system travel ...
A. around the stars
B. around the circles
C. in one movement
D. from one position to another
E. in elliptical orbits
