The document describes several experiments conducted to determine the material properties of mild steel, including hardness tests using Rockwell, Brinell, and Vickers hardness methods. The Rockwell and Brinell tests involve indenting steel specimens with hard cones or balls and measuring the impressions. The Vickers test uses a diamond indenter to make pyramidal impressions, which are then measured under a microscope to calculate the hardness value according to a standard formula. Proper specimen preparation and test procedures are outlined to ensure accurate results.

1. Experiments
•Hardness test of mild steel using Rockwell
Hardness test
•Hardness test of mild steel using Brillnell Hardness
Test
•Determination of Vickers hardness numbers for
mild steel
•To conduct torsion test on mild steel on cast iron
specimens to find out modulus of rigidity.
•To determine Young’s Modulus of elasticity of
material of beam simply supported at ends.
•To conduct shear test on specimen under double
shear.

2. Experiment no:- 5
AIM: Hardness Test of mild steel
Object: To determine the hardness of the given
specimen using Rockwell Hardness Test.
Specimen and equipments:-
 Rockwell Hardness testing machine
 Black Diamond cone indenter
 Hard Steel specimen

3. Setup:-
Rockwell Hardness Testing Machine

5. Precautions:-
 Thickness of the specimen should not be less than
8 times the depth of indentation to avoid the
deformation to be extended to the opposite surface
of specimen.
 Indentation should not be made nearer to the edge
of a specimen to avoid unnecessary concentration
of stresses. In such cases distance from the edge
to the center of indentation should be greater than
2.5 times diameter of indentation.
 Rapid rate of applying load should be avoided.

6. Experiment no:- 6
AIM: Hardness Test of Mild Steel.
Object: To determine the hardness of the given
specimen using Brinell Hardness test.
Specimen and Equipments:-
 Brillnell hardness tester Aluminum specimen
 Ball indenter

7. Setup:-
Brinell Hardness Test Equipment

8. About the impression..

9. Precautions:-
 Thickness of the specimen should not be less than
8 times the depth of indentation to avoid the
deformation to be extended to the opposite surface
of specimen.
 Indentation should not be made nearer to the edge
of a specimen to avoid unnecessary concentration
of stresses. In such cases distance from the edge
to the center of indentation should be greater than
2.5 times diameter of indentation.
 Rapid rate of applying load should be avoided.
 Surface of the specimen is well polished, free from
oxide scale and any foreign material.

10. Experiment no:- 6
AIM: Hardness Test of Mild Steel.
Object: To determine the vickers Hardness numbers
for mild steel materials.
Specimen and Equipments:-
 Hardness testing machine
 Portable microscope

11. About the experiment
 The Vickers hardness test method consists of indenting
the test material with a diamond indenter,
 in the form of a pyramid with a square base and an
angle of 136 degrees between opposite faces subjected
to a test force of between 1gf and 100kgf. The full load
is normally applied for 10 to15 seconds.
 The two diagonals of the indentation left in the surface
of the material after removal of the load are measured
using a microscope and their average calculated. The
area of the sloping surfaces of the indentation is
calculated.
 The Vickers hardness is the quotient obtained by
dividing the kgf load by the square mm area of
indentation.
 When the mean diagonal of the indentation has been
determined the Vickers hardness may be calculated
from the formula.

12. The impression

13. Formula used:-

14. precautions
 While selecting the proper load
combination, weight of pass should be
taken into account.
 Surface of specimen must be free from
impression oxides and scale and should
have approximate mirror polish.
 Load axis should be normal to surface.
 Thickness should be 1.5 times length of
diagonal of impression.
 Indentation should not be made nearer
to the edge of a specimen to avoid
unnecessary concentration of stresses.