This document presents an experimental study on the flexural behavior and load carrying capacity of lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC) using walnut shell as a coarse aggregate replacement. Walnut shell was used to replace 35% of the coarse aggregate volume in self-compacting concrete mixes. Fly ash was also used as a mineral admixture. The fresh and hardened properties of LWSCC mixes were tested and compared to conventional self-compacting concrete. The results showed that LWSCC mixes achieved similar workability and mechanical properties to conventional self-compacting concrete. In particular, a slump flow diameter of 560mm, compressive strength of 34MPa, and split tensile strength of 3.22MP
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF LIGHT WEIGHT SELF-COMPACTING CONC...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the flexural behavior of lightweight self-compacting concrete with walnut shell and ground granular blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as mineral admixtures. Walnut shell was used to replace coarse aggregate at 35% volume fraction, and GGBFS was used as a cement replacement. Fresh and hardened properties of normal self-compacting concrete and lightweight self-compacting concrete mixes were tested. The results showed that the lightweight self-compacting concrete with 35% walnut shell replacement achieved a slump flow diameter of 550 mm, 28 MPa compressive strength, and 2.4 MPa split tensile strength. The study demonstrated that walnut shell can
Study of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containing Silica Fume as Partial Replac...IRJET Journal
This document studies recycled aggregate concrete containing silica fume as a partial replacement for cement. Various percentages of recycled aggregate were used to replace natural aggregate in concrete mixes, from 0% to 50%. Mechanical properties such as compressive and tensile strength were tested. The results showed that replacing up to 30% of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate can achieve similar strength as conventional concrete. Above 30% replacement, strength tends to decrease. The materials used in the concrete mixes included grade 43 cement, natural and recycled coarse aggregates of different sizes, river sand, silica fume, and water.
IRJET- Experimental Investigations Ondurability Properties of Self Compacted ...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation on the durability properties of self-compacting concrete with partial replacements of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Mix designs are developed to produce self-compacting concrete mixtures using local materials that meet fresh concrete requirements. Test samples are cast and tested to evaluate compressive strength, drying shrinkage, water permeability, chloride permeability, and degradation after wet-dry and heat-cool cycling. Test results indicate the potential use of self-compacting concrete made with local Andhra Pradesh materials to provide durability performance data for use in the region.
IRJET- Compressive Strength of Light Weight Concrete using Natural and Artifi...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the compressive strength of light-weight concrete using natural (pumice stone) and artificial (crushed AAC blocks) aggregates as a partial replacement for normal weight coarse aggregate. Concrete cubes were made with 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% replacement ratios and tested after 7, 28, and 56 days. Test results showed that compressive strength generally increased up to 30% replacement before declining, with maximum strengths of 49.95 MPa for pumice stone and 51.79 MPa for crushed AAC blocks achieved. The study demonstrates that both aggregates can be used to reduce the dead weight of concrete without a significant loss of compressive strength.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE OXIDE CONCRETE WITH THE...IRJET Journal
- The document presents research on the strength properties of concrete with partial cement replacement by wollastonite and the addition of graphene oxide.
- Testing was conducted on concrete cubes with wollastonite replacing cement at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, along with 0.2% graphene oxide addition.
- The highest compressive and tensile strengths were found with a 15% wollastonite replacement of cement. The addition of graphene oxide and wollastonite improved the strength properties of the concrete compared to the control sample.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Structural Behaviour of Reinforced Co...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with crushed palm kernel shell as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate. Tests were conducted on palm kernel shell to determine properties. Concrete mixes with 0-40% replacement of coarse aggregate with palm kernel shell were produced and tested. Beams were also produced with 30% replacement and 1% steel fiber addition. Test results indicated 30% replacement provided optimum strength performance. The palm kernel shell concrete beams performed similarly to conventional beams in flexural testing. In conclusion, partial replacement of coarse aggregate with palm kernel shell and addition of steel fiber improved the properties and strengths of lightweight palm kernel shell concrete.
Study on Rheological & Mechanical Properties of SCM using Mineral Admixture a...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the rheological and mechanical properties of self-compacting mortar (SCM) using mineral admixtures as a partial replacement for cement. Ternary and quaternary SCM mixes were developed with different percentages of fly ash, metakaolin, and silica fume replacing cement. Fresh properties were evaluated using mini slump and mini V-funnel tests. Hardened properties of compressive and flexural strength were determined after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that ternary mixes with 20% fly ash and 10% metakaolin (M1.2) and 10% metakaolin and 5% silica fume, as
PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE- A REVIEWIRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using lightweight aggregates to produce lightweight concrete as a more sustainable alternative to normal concrete. It discusses how lightweight concrete can be produced using natural or man-made lightweight aggregates, or by adding chemicals to create air voids. Some key advantages of lightweight concrete mentioned include reduced dead weight, transportation and lifting costs, and improved thermal and sound insulation properties. Several studies are then summarized that investigated properties of lightweight concrete made with various industrial byproducts like fly ash and glass fibers as aggregates. These studies found that initial water curing affected compressive strength, and that lightweight concrete made in this way met structural requirements while having benefits like higher workability and lower density compared to normal concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF LIGHT WEIGHT SELF-COMPACTING CONC...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the flexural behavior of lightweight self-compacting concrete with walnut shell and ground granular blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as mineral admixtures. Walnut shell was used to replace coarse aggregate at 35% volume fraction, and GGBFS was used as a cement replacement. Fresh and hardened properties of normal self-compacting concrete and lightweight self-compacting concrete mixes were tested. The results showed that the lightweight self-compacting concrete with 35% walnut shell replacement achieved a slump flow diameter of 550 mm, 28 MPa compressive strength, and 2.4 MPa split tensile strength. The study demonstrated that walnut shell can
Study of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containing Silica Fume as Partial Replac...IRJET Journal
This document studies recycled aggregate concrete containing silica fume as a partial replacement for cement. Various percentages of recycled aggregate were used to replace natural aggregate in concrete mixes, from 0% to 50%. Mechanical properties such as compressive and tensile strength were tested. The results showed that replacing up to 30% of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate can achieve similar strength as conventional concrete. Above 30% replacement, strength tends to decrease. The materials used in the concrete mixes included grade 43 cement, natural and recycled coarse aggregates of different sizes, river sand, silica fume, and water.
IRJET- Experimental Investigations Ondurability Properties of Self Compacted ...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation on the durability properties of self-compacting concrete with partial replacements of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Mix designs are developed to produce self-compacting concrete mixtures using local materials that meet fresh concrete requirements. Test samples are cast and tested to evaluate compressive strength, drying shrinkage, water permeability, chloride permeability, and degradation after wet-dry and heat-cool cycling. Test results indicate the potential use of self-compacting concrete made with local Andhra Pradesh materials to provide durability performance data for use in the region.
IRJET- Compressive Strength of Light Weight Concrete using Natural and Artifi...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the compressive strength of light-weight concrete using natural (pumice stone) and artificial (crushed AAC blocks) aggregates as a partial replacement for normal weight coarse aggregate. Concrete cubes were made with 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% replacement ratios and tested after 7, 28, and 56 days. Test results showed that compressive strength generally increased up to 30% replacement before declining, with maximum strengths of 49.95 MPa for pumice stone and 51.79 MPa for crushed AAC blocks achieved. The study demonstrates that both aggregates can be used to reduce the dead weight of concrete without a significant loss of compressive strength.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE OXIDE CONCRETE WITH THE...IRJET Journal
- The document presents research on the strength properties of concrete with partial cement replacement by wollastonite and the addition of graphene oxide.
- Testing was conducted on concrete cubes with wollastonite replacing cement at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, along with 0.2% graphene oxide addition.
- The highest compressive and tensile strengths were found with a 15% wollastonite replacement of cement. The addition of graphene oxide and wollastonite improved the strength properties of the concrete compared to the control sample.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Structural Behaviour of Reinforced Co...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with crushed palm kernel shell as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate. Tests were conducted on palm kernel shell to determine properties. Concrete mixes with 0-40% replacement of coarse aggregate with palm kernel shell were produced and tested. Beams were also produced with 30% replacement and 1% steel fiber addition. Test results indicated 30% replacement provided optimum strength performance. The palm kernel shell concrete beams performed similarly to conventional beams in flexural testing. In conclusion, partial replacement of coarse aggregate with palm kernel shell and addition of steel fiber improved the properties and strengths of lightweight palm kernel shell concrete.
Study on Rheological & Mechanical Properties of SCM using Mineral Admixture a...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the rheological and mechanical properties of self-compacting mortar (SCM) using mineral admixtures as a partial replacement for cement. Ternary and quaternary SCM mixes were developed with different percentages of fly ash, metakaolin, and silica fume replacing cement. Fresh properties were evaluated using mini slump and mini V-funnel tests. Hardened properties of compressive and flexural strength were determined after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that ternary mixes with 20% fly ash and 10% metakaolin (M1.2) and 10% metakaolin and 5% silica fume, as
PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE- A REVIEWIRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using lightweight aggregates to produce lightweight concrete as a more sustainable alternative to normal concrete. It discusses how lightweight concrete can be produced using natural or man-made lightweight aggregates, or by adding chemicals to create air voids. Some key advantages of lightweight concrete mentioned include reduced dead weight, transportation and lifting costs, and improved thermal and sound insulation properties. Several studies are then summarized that investigated properties of lightweight concrete made with various industrial byproducts like fly ash and glass fibers as aggregates. These studies found that initial water curing affected compressive strength, and that lightweight concrete made in this way met structural requirements while having benefits like higher workability and lower density compared to normal concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Self Compacting Concrete with Sisal FiberIRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates self-compacting concrete with sisal fiber. It includes a literature review on self-compacting concrete and fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete. The study examines the fresh and hardened properties of concrete mixes containing different percentages of sisal fiber. The results show that adding sisal fiber increases the compressive and splitting tensile strength of the self-compacting concrete mixes. The highest strength gains were observed with the mixes containing the most fiber. The study concludes that sisal fiber has a positive effect on improving the properties of self-compacting concrete and is recommended for use in reinforcing self-compacting concrete.
Lightweight Concrete by using Thermocol and Fly AshIRJET Journal
1. The study investigated using thermocol and fly ash as aggregates in concrete to produce a lighter, more economical, and environmentally friendly alternative to normal concrete.
2. Tests found that replacing cement with 30-40% fly ash and adding 0.25-0.3% thermocol produced lightweight concrete with slightly improved compressive strength compared to normal concrete.
3. Using industrial waste fly ash and thermocol helped address issues of natural resource depletion and fly ash disposal, while achieving the goal of lightweight concrete suitable for uses like partition walls.
A Study and Analysis on Durability and Mechanical Properties of High Strengt...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the durability and mechanical properties of high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete. The study aims to develop M60 grade concrete and determine effective proportions of silica fume and fly ash replacements. Specimens were tested for compressive strength at various ages, split tensile strength and flexural strength at 28 days. Durability tests like rapid chloride permeability and water absorption were also conducted on specimens with different silica fume and fly ash replacements to cement. The study found that partial replacements of cement with silica fume and fly ash can improve the mechanical and durability properties of high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SCC BY ADDING POLYPROPYLENE FIBER WITH CASHEW NUT SHELL...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with the addition of polypropylene fiber and partial replacement of cement with cashew nut shell ash (CNSA). CNSA was used to replace cement at levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and polypropylene fiber was added at 1%. Cubes and cylinders were cast and tested for compressive and split tensile strength at 7 and 28 days. Test results showed that the mix with 10% CNSA replacement and 1% polypropylene fiber addition achieved the highest strengths, exceeding that of the control mix without additions. Therefore, this mix was determined to be the optimum mix proportion studied
Study on flexural behaviour of Self compacting concrete using alccofineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the flexural behavior of self-compacting concrete using Alccofine, an ultrafine mineral admixture. Cement in self-compacting concrete mixes was partially replaced with 10% Alccofine. Beams made with the Alccofine mix showed similar load-deflection behavior and achieved failure loads comparable to control beams made with conventional self-compacting concrete. The results indicate that Alccofine can be effectively used to partially replace cement in self-compacting concrete with similar flexural performance.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SELFCOMPACTING RC BEAMS REINFORCED WITH POLY-VINYL MESH...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested self-compacting concrete (SCC) beams reinforced with poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) mesh wrapped around the reinforcement on alternating phases. The study aimed to observe the behavior and feasibility of using PVC for wrapping reinforcement. Beams made with conventional SCC and beams with double spaced reinforcement wrapped in PVC mesh on alternating phases were cast and tested. Test results found that the beams with PVC wrapped reinforcement had similar load-deflection behavior and ultimate load capacity as the conventional SCC beam. The use of PVC mesh did not negatively impact the structural behavior of the beam.
Strength Characteristics of Bricks using Composite MaterialsIRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental study on producing bricks using composite materials like sewage sludge, fly ash, and bottom ash. Bricks were produced with different proportions of these waste materials and tested. Bricks containing 10% fly ash and 10% bottom ash showed higher compressive strengths than conventional bricks, at 3.8% and 3.9% respectively. Composite bricks containing equal parts fly ash and bottom ash also performed well, with a compressive strength of 3.9% and water absorption of 15.9%. The study shows these waste materials can be used to successfully produce bricks as an alternative to conventional clay bricks.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Self Compacting Concrete by Partially Re...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the use of quartz sand and recron fiber as partial replacements for fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete. Various mixes were prepared with different replacement levels of fine aggregate with quartz sand (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) and additions of recron fiber (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1%). The fresh and hardened properties of the concrete were then tested, including slump flow, compressive strength, and durability. The results aim to determine the effectiveness of quartz sand and recron fiber in self-compacting concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Steel Slag with Fine Aggr...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using steel slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. It begins with an abstract stating that natural sand is being depleted due to high construction usage, so alternative materials like steel slag are being explored. The document then provides background on steel slag production and properties. It discusses objectives of studying steel slag as a partial sand replacement in concrete, including potentially improving mechanical properties and reducing costs. The document reviews literature on previous studies examining uses of steel slag in concrete and discusses advantages like high stability and good wear resistance.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Properties of Concrete by the Additio...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on the properties of concrete with additions of fly ash and polycarboxylate ether (PCE). The experiment tested concretes with 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacements of cement with fly ash. PCE was added at 0.7-1% of cement weight. Tests measured compressive strength, tensile strength, and workability at 7 and 28 days. Results showed that additions of up to 25% fly ash and PCE increased workability and strengths compared to conventional concrete, allowing reductions in cement content while maintaining performance. The maximum strengths and decreases in cement quantity were achieved with 25% fly ash addition and PCE.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF NANO SILICA AND THE BEHAVIOUR OF OPC A...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on the effect of nano silica on the properties of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and blended cement. Nano silica particles ranging from 0-3% by weight of cement were added to concrete mixes. Testing showed that compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths increased with the addition of up to 2% nano silica compared to a conventional mix without nano silica. The highest strengths were achieved with 2% nano silica addition.
IRJET- Workability and Strength Properties of SCC Made with Processed RCAIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the workability and strength properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) made with processed recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The study investigated how replacing natural coarse aggregates in SCC with 0-50% RCA in 10% intervals impacted properties. Tests were conducted on M30 and M40 grade SCC mixes. The results showed that workability parameters like flowability and passing ability were influenced by the amount of RCA used. Compressive and tensile strengths generally decreased with higher RCA replacement levels. The study aimed to evaluate the suitability of using RCA in SCC.
MECHANICAL, DURABILITY AND THERMAL STUDIES USING DIFFERENT BINDERS IN HEMPCRETEIRJET Journal
This study examines the mechanical, durability and thermal properties of hempcrete mixtures using different binders. Six hempcrete mixtures are created using varying percentages of lime, gypsum, metakaolin or cement as binders. The compressive and flexural strength of each mixture is tested to evaluate the mechanical performance. Thermal conductivity and resistance measurements are also taken to assess the insulation efficiency. The goal is to identify the most suitable binder that offers optimal strength, durability and thermal insulation for hempcrete applications in construction. Insights from this research could promote more sustainable use of hempcrete.
MECHANICAL, DURABILITY AND THERMAL STUDIES USING DIFFERENT BINDERS IN HEMPCRETEIRJET Journal
This study examines the mechanical, durability and thermal properties of hempcrete mixtures using different binders. Six hempcrete mixtures are created using varying proportions of lime, gypsum, metakaolin and cement as binders. Compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity tests are conducted to evaluate and compare the performance of each mixture. The main objective is to identify the most suitable binder that provides optimal mechanical strength, durability and thermal insulation for hempcrete applications in construction. The results of this investigation aim to inform the construction sector on promoting sustainable use of hempcrete.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 0N FLOATING CONCRETE USING LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATESIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on producing floating concrete using lightweight aggregates. Pumice stone and scoria powder were used to partially replace normal coarse and fine aggregates. Concrete mixtures with varying replacement percentages were tested. Results showed that replacing up to 20% of aggregates increased the compressive strength of the floating concrete. Using these lightweight aggregates produced concrete with lower density, reducing the self-weight of structures. The study concluded that floating concrete made in this way can help reduce environmental impacts in construction.
Experimental Study of using Pond Ash as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregat...YogeshIJTSRD
Production of one ton of Portland cement emits one ton of CO2 and different greenhouse gases main to atmospheric pollution. Hence the want arises to exchange cement with some different cementitious material. Disposal of Pond ash which is combination of Fly ash andamp Bottom ash into massive lakes reasons land air pollution and different environmental effects. The cause of this find out about is to locate the suitability of silica fume as a alternative cloth for cement and pond ash as a alternative fabric for first rate combination in concrete except compromising the power andamp sturdiness of traditional concrete. The bodily and chemical property of silica fume and pond ash is to be studied and each the industrial wastes are used to substitute the cement and great aggregate. Pond ash is in part changed for fantastic mixture with the aid of various percentages 10 to 30 , additionally silica fume is introduced by way of 10 to 20 by way of the weight of cement. The specimens will be examined for its mechanical houses such as compressive strength, cut up tensile energy and flexural electricity on 7, 28 andamp 56 days. After identifying the houses of the concrete mixes, the foremost share of alternative tiers of silica fume and pond ash will be carried out and Reinforced Concrete Beams had been forged to decide the flexural behaviour for the optimized concrete Mix. Mr. K. Soundirarajan | Telem Shidartha "Experimental Study of using Pond Ash as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate in a Silica Fume Based Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45048.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45048/experimental-study-of-using-pond-ash-as-partial-replacement-for-fine-aggregate-in-a-silica-fume-based-concrete/mr-k-soundirarajan
STRENGTH STUDIES OF PAVEMENTS WITH FLY ASH AND STEEL FIBER AS REPLACING CEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the strength properties of concrete containing fly ash and steel fibers. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants in India. Using fly ash to partially replace cement in concrete can help address the problem of fly ash disposal. The study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and workability of concrete with 10-30% fly ash replacement and 0.5-1.5% steel fiber addition. Previous research found that fly ash and steel fibers can increase the strength and durability of concrete. The current study tests concrete mixtures to analyze the effect of varying fly ash and steel fiber content on different concrete properties.
STRENGTH STUDIES OF PAVEMENTS WITH FLY ASH AND STEEL FIBER AS REPLACING CEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the strength properties of concrete containing fly ash and steel fibers. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants in India. Using fly ash to partially replace cement in concrete can help address the problem of fly ash disposal. The study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and workability of concrete with 10-30% fly ash replacement and 0.5-1.5% steel fiber addition. Previous research found that fly ash and steel fibers can increase the strength and durability of concrete. The current study tests concrete mixtures to analyze the effect of varying fly ash and steel fiber content on different concrete properties.
IRJET- Behaviour of RC Slabs with Recycled Aggregates Subjected to Static and...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste in concrete as a replacement for natural aggregates. Recycled aggregates are produced by collecting waste concrete, crushing it, sieving it, and washing it.
2) Previous studies have found that concrete made with recycled aggregates as a partial or full replacement of natural coarse aggregates can achieve comparable compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths as normal concrete. However, further research is still needed to determine the impact on concrete durability.
3) The current study aims to produce recycled aggregates from construction waste on campus and use them in proportions of 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% as a replacement for natural coarse aggregates in concrete mixes. The
Study on Alccofine based High Strength Self-compacting Fibrous Concrete- A re...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on alccofine-based high strength self-compacting fibrous concrete. It begins with an introduction to high strength concrete, fibrous concrete, self-compacting concrete, and the benefits of fibrous reinforced self-compacting concrete. It then summarizes 13 research papers on topics including replacing aggregates with waste materials, using hybrid fibers, determining optimal fiber contents, and using mineral admixtures like fly ash and alccofine. The conclusion discusses how alccofine can increase self-compatibility and early strength of self-compacting concrete mixes and how fibers can improve tensile strength, ductility, and crack resistance.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
More Related Content
Similar to EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR AND LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF LIGHT WEIGHT SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH WALNUT SHELL AS COARSE AGGREGATE
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Self Compacting Concrete with Sisal FiberIRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates self-compacting concrete with sisal fiber. It includes a literature review on self-compacting concrete and fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete. The study examines the fresh and hardened properties of concrete mixes containing different percentages of sisal fiber. The results show that adding sisal fiber increases the compressive and splitting tensile strength of the self-compacting concrete mixes. The highest strength gains were observed with the mixes containing the most fiber. The study concludes that sisal fiber has a positive effect on improving the properties of self-compacting concrete and is recommended for use in reinforcing self-compacting concrete.
Lightweight Concrete by using Thermocol and Fly AshIRJET Journal
1. The study investigated using thermocol and fly ash as aggregates in concrete to produce a lighter, more economical, and environmentally friendly alternative to normal concrete.
2. Tests found that replacing cement with 30-40% fly ash and adding 0.25-0.3% thermocol produced lightweight concrete with slightly improved compressive strength compared to normal concrete.
3. Using industrial waste fly ash and thermocol helped address issues of natural resource depletion and fly ash disposal, while achieving the goal of lightweight concrete suitable for uses like partition walls.
A Study and Analysis on Durability and Mechanical Properties of High Strengt...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the durability and mechanical properties of high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete. The study aims to develop M60 grade concrete and determine effective proportions of silica fume and fly ash replacements. Specimens were tested for compressive strength at various ages, split tensile strength and flexural strength at 28 days. Durability tests like rapid chloride permeability and water absorption were also conducted on specimens with different silica fume and fly ash replacements to cement. The study found that partial replacements of cement with silica fume and fly ash can improve the mechanical and durability properties of high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SCC BY ADDING POLYPROPYLENE FIBER WITH CASHEW NUT SHELL...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with the addition of polypropylene fiber and partial replacement of cement with cashew nut shell ash (CNSA). CNSA was used to replace cement at levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and polypropylene fiber was added at 1%. Cubes and cylinders were cast and tested for compressive and split tensile strength at 7 and 28 days. Test results showed that the mix with 10% CNSA replacement and 1% polypropylene fiber addition achieved the highest strengths, exceeding that of the control mix without additions. Therefore, this mix was determined to be the optimum mix proportion studied
Study on flexural behaviour of Self compacting concrete using alccofineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the flexural behavior of self-compacting concrete using Alccofine, an ultrafine mineral admixture. Cement in self-compacting concrete mixes was partially replaced with 10% Alccofine. Beams made with the Alccofine mix showed similar load-deflection behavior and achieved failure loads comparable to control beams made with conventional self-compacting concrete. The results indicate that Alccofine can be effectively used to partially replace cement in self-compacting concrete with similar flexural performance.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SELFCOMPACTING RC BEAMS REINFORCED WITH POLY-VINYL MESH...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested self-compacting concrete (SCC) beams reinforced with poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) mesh wrapped around the reinforcement on alternating phases. The study aimed to observe the behavior and feasibility of using PVC for wrapping reinforcement. Beams made with conventional SCC and beams with double spaced reinforcement wrapped in PVC mesh on alternating phases were cast and tested. Test results found that the beams with PVC wrapped reinforcement had similar load-deflection behavior and ultimate load capacity as the conventional SCC beam. The use of PVC mesh did not negatively impact the structural behavior of the beam.
Strength Characteristics of Bricks using Composite MaterialsIRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental study on producing bricks using composite materials like sewage sludge, fly ash, and bottom ash. Bricks were produced with different proportions of these waste materials and tested. Bricks containing 10% fly ash and 10% bottom ash showed higher compressive strengths than conventional bricks, at 3.8% and 3.9% respectively. Composite bricks containing equal parts fly ash and bottom ash also performed well, with a compressive strength of 3.9% and water absorption of 15.9%. The study shows these waste materials can be used to successfully produce bricks as an alternative to conventional clay bricks.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Self Compacting Concrete by Partially Re...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the use of quartz sand and recron fiber as partial replacements for fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete. Various mixes were prepared with different replacement levels of fine aggregate with quartz sand (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) and additions of recron fiber (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1%). The fresh and hardened properties of the concrete were then tested, including slump flow, compressive strength, and durability. The results aim to determine the effectiveness of quartz sand and recron fiber in self-compacting concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Steel Slag with Fine Aggr...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using steel slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. It begins with an abstract stating that natural sand is being depleted due to high construction usage, so alternative materials like steel slag are being explored. The document then provides background on steel slag production and properties. It discusses objectives of studying steel slag as a partial sand replacement in concrete, including potentially improving mechanical properties and reducing costs. The document reviews literature on previous studies examining uses of steel slag in concrete and discusses advantages like high stability and good wear resistance.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Properties of Concrete by the Additio...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on the properties of concrete with additions of fly ash and polycarboxylate ether (PCE). The experiment tested concretes with 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacements of cement with fly ash. PCE was added at 0.7-1% of cement weight. Tests measured compressive strength, tensile strength, and workability at 7 and 28 days. Results showed that additions of up to 25% fly ash and PCE increased workability and strengths compared to conventional concrete, allowing reductions in cement content while maintaining performance. The maximum strengths and decreases in cement quantity were achieved with 25% fly ash addition and PCE.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF NANO SILICA AND THE BEHAVIOUR OF OPC A...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on the effect of nano silica on the properties of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and blended cement. Nano silica particles ranging from 0-3% by weight of cement were added to concrete mixes. Testing showed that compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths increased with the addition of up to 2% nano silica compared to a conventional mix without nano silica. The highest strengths were achieved with 2% nano silica addition.
IRJET- Workability and Strength Properties of SCC Made with Processed RCAIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the workability and strength properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) made with processed recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The study investigated how replacing natural coarse aggregates in SCC with 0-50% RCA in 10% intervals impacted properties. Tests were conducted on M30 and M40 grade SCC mixes. The results showed that workability parameters like flowability and passing ability were influenced by the amount of RCA used. Compressive and tensile strengths generally decreased with higher RCA replacement levels. The study aimed to evaluate the suitability of using RCA in SCC.
MECHANICAL, DURABILITY AND THERMAL STUDIES USING DIFFERENT BINDERS IN HEMPCRETEIRJET Journal
This study examines the mechanical, durability and thermal properties of hempcrete mixtures using different binders. Six hempcrete mixtures are created using varying percentages of lime, gypsum, metakaolin or cement as binders. The compressive and flexural strength of each mixture is tested to evaluate the mechanical performance. Thermal conductivity and resistance measurements are also taken to assess the insulation efficiency. The goal is to identify the most suitable binder that offers optimal strength, durability and thermal insulation for hempcrete applications in construction. Insights from this research could promote more sustainable use of hempcrete.
MECHANICAL, DURABILITY AND THERMAL STUDIES USING DIFFERENT BINDERS IN HEMPCRETEIRJET Journal
This study examines the mechanical, durability and thermal properties of hempcrete mixtures using different binders. Six hempcrete mixtures are created using varying proportions of lime, gypsum, metakaolin and cement as binders. Compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity tests are conducted to evaluate and compare the performance of each mixture. The main objective is to identify the most suitable binder that provides optimal mechanical strength, durability and thermal insulation for hempcrete applications in construction. The results of this investigation aim to inform the construction sector on promoting sustainable use of hempcrete.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 0N FLOATING CONCRETE USING LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATESIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on producing floating concrete using lightweight aggregates. Pumice stone and scoria powder were used to partially replace normal coarse and fine aggregates. Concrete mixtures with varying replacement percentages were tested. Results showed that replacing up to 20% of aggregates increased the compressive strength of the floating concrete. Using these lightweight aggregates produced concrete with lower density, reducing the self-weight of structures. The study concluded that floating concrete made in this way can help reduce environmental impacts in construction.
Experimental Study of using Pond Ash as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregat...YogeshIJTSRD
Production of one ton of Portland cement emits one ton of CO2 and different greenhouse gases main to atmospheric pollution. Hence the want arises to exchange cement with some different cementitious material. Disposal of Pond ash which is combination of Fly ash andamp Bottom ash into massive lakes reasons land air pollution and different environmental effects. The cause of this find out about is to locate the suitability of silica fume as a alternative cloth for cement and pond ash as a alternative fabric for first rate combination in concrete except compromising the power andamp sturdiness of traditional concrete. The bodily and chemical property of silica fume and pond ash is to be studied and each the industrial wastes are used to substitute the cement and great aggregate. Pond ash is in part changed for fantastic mixture with the aid of various percentages 10 to 30 , additionally silica fume is introduced by way of 10 to 20 by way of the weight of cement. The specimens will be examined for its mechanical houses such as compressive strength, cut up tensile energy and flexural electricity on 7, 28 andamp 56 days. After identifying the houses of the concrete mixes, the foremost share of alternative tiers of silica fume and pond ash will be carried out and Reinforced Concrete Beams had been forged to decide the flexural behaviour for the optimized concrete Mix. Mr. K. Soundirarajan | Telem Shidartha "Experimental Study of using Pond Ash as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate in a Silica Fume Based Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45048.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45048/experimental-study-of-using-pond-ash-as-partial-replacement-for-fine-aggregate-in-a-silica-fume-based-concrete/mr-k-soundirarajan
STRENGTH STUDIES OF PAVEMENTS WITH FLY ASH AND STEEL FIBER AS REPLACING CEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the strength properties of concrete containing fly ash and steel fibers. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants in India. Using fly ash to partially replace cement in concrete can help address the problem of fly ash disposal. The study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and workability of concrete with 10-30% fly ash replacement and 0.5-1.5% steel fiber addition. Previous research found that fly ash and steel fibers can increase the strength and durability of concrete. The current study tests concrete mixtures to analyze the effect of varying fly ash and steel fiber content on different concrete properties.
STRENGTH STUDIES OF PAVEMENTS WITH FLY ASH AND STEEL FIBER AS REPLACING CEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the strength properties of concrete containing fly ash and steel fibers. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants in India. Using fly ash to partially replace cement in concrete can help address the problem of fly ash disposal. The study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and workability of concrete with 10-30% fly ash replacement and 0.5-1.5% steel fiber addition. Previous research found that fly ash and steel fibers can increase the strength and durability of concrete. The current study tests concrete mixtures to analyze the effect of varying fly ash and steel fiber content on different concrete properties.
IRJET- Behaviour of RC Slabs with Recycled Aggregates Subjected to Static and...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste in concrete as a replacement for natural aggregates. Recycled aggregates are produced by collecting waste concrete, crushing it, sieving it, and washing it.
2) Previous studies have found that concrete made with recycled aggregates as a partial or full replacement of natural coarse aggregates can achieve comparable compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths as normal concrete. However, further research is still needed to determine the impact on concrete durability.
3) The current study aims to produce recycled aggregates from construction waste on campus and use them in proportions of 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% as a replacement for natural coarse aggregates in concrete mixes. The
Study on Alccofine based High Strength Self-compacting Fibrous Concrete- A re...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on alccofine-based high strength self-compacting fibrous concrete. It begins with an introduction to high strength concrete, fibrous concrete, self-compacting concrete, and the benefits of fibrous reinforced self-compacting concrete. It then summarizes 13 research papers on topics including replacing aggregates with waste materials, using hybrid fibers, determining optimal fiber contents, and using mineral admixtures like fly ash and alccofine. The conclusion discusses how alccofine can increase self-compatibility and early strength of self-compacting concrete mixes and how fibers can improve tensile strength, ductility, and crack resistance.
Similar to EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR AND LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF LIGHT WEIGHT SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH WALNUT SHELL AS COARSE AGGREGATE (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.