The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Apexogenesis & apexification in pediatric dentistryDr. Harsh Shah
SDDCH Parbhani
Presented by : Vipul GIratkar
Dept. of Pediatric dentitstry
Guided by . Dr. Rehan Khan
DIscussion regarding apexification and apexogenesis
Apexogenesis & apexification in pediatric dentistryDr. Harsh Shah
SDDCH Parbhani
Presented by : Vipul GIratkar
Dept. of Pediatric dentitstry
Guided by . Dr. Rehan Khan
DIscussion regarding apexification and apexogenesis
Endodontic Root Perforation: Causes, Identification, and Management LectureIraqi Dental Academy
This lecture present to you the concept of root perforation and its complications in endodontic practice. Management of such situation is also presented briefly.
Stainless steel crowns in Pediatric DentistryRajesh Bariker
A crown is a tooth shaped covering which is cemented to the tooth structure & its main function is to protect the tooth structure & retain the function
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Endodontic Root Perforation: Causes, Identification, and Management LectureIraqi Dental Academy
This lecture present to you the concept of root perforation and its complications in endodontic practice. Management of such situation is also presented briefly.
Stainless steel crowns in Pediatric DentistryRajesh Bariker
A crown is a tooth shaped covering which is cemented to the tooth structure & its main function is to protect the tooth structure & retain the function
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
All the mistakes are rectified.Complete and precise knowledge about EXODONTIA .I would like to again focus on compatibility of this ppt;some pictures differ from original one.Animations and Transitions added are not visible .Good for beginners to understand and remember.Images give you better way to grasp.Enjoy and have fun watching this ppt.
Definition: The ideal tooth extraction is painless removal of the whole tooth or tooth root with minimal trauma to the investing tissues so that the wound heals uneventfully and no post operative prosthetic problem is created.
Deep Bite| Braces Treatment| Certification Courses in Fixed Orthodontics in D...Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Deep Bite
Excessive Overlaping of upper front teeth over the lower front teeth is deep bite.
Orthodontic Treatment through braces, Invisalign, Damon's Braces, Traditional braces, Orthognathic Surgeries.
Restorative and periodontal therapy, Habit Breaking appliances.
All the procedure performing by experienced one.
Dr. Sachdeva's Dental Institute, where you will learn to perform the procedures impeccably.
To Learn More, Call us:-+919818894041,01142464041
Follow Our Link:-
Google link:
https://business.google.com/dashboard/l/04970356233769420071
Facebook link for Dental Courses:
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Facebook link for Dental Treatments:
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You tube Link:
https://www.youtube.com/user/drrajatsachdeva
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Facial Aesthetics you tube channel :
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Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dentalcasting alloys/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. EXTRACTION:
Is defined as the painless removal of the whole tooth,or tooth-root,
with minimal trauma to the investing tissues,so that the wound
heals uneventfully and no post-operative prosthetic problem is
created.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. OBJECTIVES:
•Severe the periodontal attachments carefully
•Lever the tooth out of the alveolar socket without damaging
adjoining structures and anatomical areas.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. •
•
•
•
To gain adequate access and to obtain secured grip on the
tooth
To apply controlled force in a predetermined direction
To severe the dentoalveolar bondage with minimum trauma
To safely deliver the tooth in-toto out of the socket through an
uninterrupted path of removal with minimum pain and
discomfort to the patient.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Severe caries or pulpal necrosis
Severe periodontal disease
Therapeutic extraction in orthodontic Rx
Impacted,malposed or supernumerary teeth
Teeth prior to irradiation
Retained decidious teeth
Preprosthetic extractions
Teeth in line of fractures
Infected teeth or teeth associated with pathologic lesions
# tooth/root,teeth which are foci of sepsis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. •
•
•
•
•
•
Uncontrolled metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus,end
stage renal disease
Bleeding disorders like hemophilia,platelet
disorders,uncontrolled leukemias,lymphomas
Severe MI,unstable angina pectoris,uncontrolled hypertension
Acute adrenaline crisis,long term steroid therapy
First and third trimester of pregnancy
Toxic goitre,liver disorders
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. •
•
•
•
•
Tooth in irradiated area
Tooth in area of malignant tumour
Third molars with severe pericoronitis
Pathology like AV malformation of bone,central hemangioma
Acute abscess
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. •
CLOSED METHOD/FORCEPS EXTRACTION/INTRAALVEOLAR EXTRACTION-consists of removing the tooth
or root by use of forceps or elevators or both
•
OPEN METHOD/SURGICAL/TRANS-ALVEOLAR
EXTRACTION-consists of dissecting the tooth or root from
bony attachments by removal of some bone investing the
tooth/roots,which are then delivered by use of elevators and/or
forceps
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. •
•
•
•
Access to the tooth
Mobility of the tooth
Condition of the crown of the tooth
Condition of the adjacent tooth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. •
•
•
•
IOPA with accurate and detailed information concerning the
tooth,its roots,and surrounding tissues is preffered.
Relationship of associated vital structures
Configuration of roots
Condition of the surrounding bone
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In maxilla ,index finger and thumb of left hand is used to support
the maxilla and rest 3 fingers to stabilize patient’s head
In mandible,index and middle finger is used to retract and support
intraorally ,while thumb supports the mandible.If dentist is standing
behind the patient then thumb and index finger is used intraorally
and rest 3 fingers support mandible.
Retraction of lips,cheek and tongue
Guiding beaks of forceps onto tooth
Couteracting the pressure applied
Prevention and protection against slipping of forceps
Prevent broken fillings or tooth fragments before it reaches
oropharynx
Compressing buccal and lingual cortical plates
Examination of surgical field for bony edges,undercuts
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. 1. LEVER PRINCIPLE OF FIRST ORDER:
•
3 basic components-fulcrum,effort,load
•
Fulcrum is b/n effort and load
•
Maximum advantage is when effort arm
is longer than load arm
•
Used in forceps along with wheel and
axle and in elevators
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. 2. WEDGE PRINCIPLE:
•
Here 2 movable inclined planes with a base on one end and
blade on other end
•
Effort is applied to the base of the plane and resistance has
its effect on slant side
•
Used to split,expand or displace the portion that receives it
•
Elevators to luxate tooth when applied b/n bone and tooth
•
Forceps when inserted b/n mucoperiosteum and surface of
tooth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. 3.
•
•
•
•
WHEEL AND AXLE PRINCIPLE:
Effort is applied to circumference of
wheel which turns the axle so as to
raise the weight
Greater the diameter of wheel more is
the mechanical advantage
Used in crossbar elevators for removal
of mandibular roots
Forceps –applied in the form of arc
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. Forceps can be applied in five major motions.
1.Apical pressure
2.Buccal pressure
3.Lingual pressure
4.Rotational pressure
5.Tractional pressure
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. 1.Adequate anesthesia
2.Loosening of soft tissue attachment
from the tooth
-using woodson elevator or sharp end of
no.9 periosteal elevator
3.Luxation of tooth with a dental elevator
4.Adaptation of forceps to the tooth
5.Luxation of tooth with forceps
6.Removal of tooth from the socket
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. First is the apical force.
• Central incisors-labial pressure,lingual,then labial with mesial
rotation
• Lateral incisors-labial with mesial rotation
• Cuspids-labial,lingual,labial with mesial rotation
• 1st PM-Buccal,lingual,removal in buccal direction
• 2nd PM-Buccal,lingual,removal in lingual or buccal direction
• 1st &2nd molar-buccal,lingual & removal in buccal direction
• 3rd molar-buccal & distal rotation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. First is the apical force.
• Central & lateral incisors-labial,lingual,slight mesio-distal &
removal in labial direction
• Cuspids-labial pressure with mesial rotation
• 1st & 2nd PM-Buccal pressure with slight mesio-distal rotation
• 1st,2nd & 3rd molar-buccal,lingual & removal in buccal
direction
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. •
•
•
•
•
•
Saline or betadine irrigation
Thorough curettage in case of periapical lesion
Compress bucco-lingual plates with finger pressure
In case of severe periodontitis excessive granulation tissue
must be removed
Sharp bony projections if any must be smoothened with bone
file
Gauze pressure pack for control of bleeding
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Explain the patient effects of LA
Hold the gauze in mouth for atleat half an hour
Avoid spitting and gargling for the day
Warm saline rinses after 24hrs
Not to disturb the area with finger or tongue
Avoid hot,spicy and hard food
Analgesics ,antiinflammatory for 3 days
Antibiotics if patient is immunocompromised
Avoid brushing in the area for 24hrs
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. 1.Operator’s fault-application of incorrect instrument and force
-improper technique of application
-improper motions
2.Structural abnormality of tooth-excessively curved roots
-RC treated nonvital tooth
-teeth with gross filling
-extensively carious teeth
-ankylosis or hypercementosis
3.Surrounding bone-sclerosis or condensing osteitis
4.Unco-operative patient
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. •
•
•
•
•
Retained roots might prove as a source
of infection,chronic irritation giving rise
to neuralgic pain or might interfere
with proper functioning of denture
Excellent light and suction
Closed technique when tooth is well
luxated and mobile before fracture
Root tip pick,small elevator,forceps
with slender beaks,reamers
If not then open method should be
attempted
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. •
•
•
First is usually maxillary teeth as they get anesthetized earlier
and prevents fall of enamel or amalgam/debris into mandibular
socket
Most posterior teeth is extracted first
The order is 3rd molar,2nd molar,2nd premolar,1st molar,1st
premolar,lateral incisor,canine,central incisor.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. •
•
Indications-gross caries involving pulp
-retained primary teeth interfering with normal
eruption of permanent successor
-periapical pathology/root fracture
Technique -smaller forceps
-for U/L anteriors labial pressure with mesial
rotation and removed to labial side
-for U/L molars buccal pressure ,lingual pressure
and removed to lingual side
-force applied is less and forcep need not be
inserted too deep along the root
-care should be taken not to damage permanent
successor
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. INDICATIONS:
• Any tooth which resists attempt at closed extraction
• Heavy/dense bone,short clinical crown due to attrition
• Hypercementosis,ankylosis,geminated & dilacerated roots
• Impacted tooth
• Retained fractured tooth/roots which cannot be grasped with
forceps or elevators
• Roots in close proximity with vital structures like nerve or
sinus
• Grossly destructed,heavily restored,RCTreated
• Prosthetic considerations
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Anesthesia-LA,plan for incision
Elevation of mucoperiosteal flap
Removal of bone-chisel mallet or bur
Division of tooth if required
Removal of tooth and roots
Control of bleeding
Alveoloplasty if required
Toileting of the alveolar socket
Suturing of flap
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. The term local flap indicates a section of soft tissue that
• Is outlined by a surgical incision
• Carries its own blood supply
• Allows surgical access to underlying tissues
• Can be replaced in the original position
• Can be maintained with sutures and is expected to heal
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. 1. ENVELOPE FLAP:most common flap
-2 teeth anterior and one teeth posterior to
area of surgery
-releasing incision 1 tooth ant and 1 tooth post
-3 cornered or 4 cornered
2. SEMILUNAR :to approach root apex
-avoids trauma to papilla & gingival margin
-limited access,used in periapical surgery
-should not cross canine eminence
3. Y INCISION:palatal tori,preserves greater
palatine artery
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. -no.15 blade is used on a no.3 scalpel handle
and held in a pen grasp
-blade is held at an angle & incision is made
posteriorly to anterior in gingival sulcus
-smooth,continuous stroke with blade in
contact with bone
-if vertical incision is to be placed ,tissue is
apically reflected,with opp hand tensing the
alveolar mucosa
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. -start reflecting from papilla using woodson
elevator or sharp end of no.9 periosteal
elevator
-carried out in pushing stroke,posteriorly
and apically
-once reflected flap is held with seldin or
minnesota or austin retractor retsing firmly on
sound bone.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. Bone removal must be limited carried out with dental burs or
chisel with hand or mallet pressure
CHISEL & MALLET:
• Quicker and cleaner
• Maxillary buccal and lingual plates can be removed
• Limiting cuts are placed vertically and then joined by
horizontal cut
• If force is not controlled it might lead to fracture of basal bone
or adjacent teeth
DENTAL BURS:
• Used for dense mandibular bone
• Round bur no.8 or rose head burs are used,cut efficiently,do
not clog,easier to control.
•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. •
•
•
•
•
flap must be held away from the site with a retractor
Bur must not be allowed to overheat during bone
removal,frequent irrigations with sterile normal saline should
be used to prevent this and also removes debris and prevent
bur from clogging
Bone might be removed by either simply cutting it away or by
bone guttering.
A row of small holes is made with small bur along buccal
crest and joined with fissure bur or chisel cuts.A gutter is
formed.This is called postage stamp method.
In case of lower PM,bone removal should be maximal medial
to 1st PM and distal to 2nd PM to minimize damage to nerve &
vessels traversing mental foramen
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. •
•
Accomplished with a straight hand piece with a straight bur
such as no.8 round bur or fissure bur no.557 or no.703
Sectioning is done from below upwards so that operator
knows when the roots are completely divided
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Root fragment must be small,not more than 3-4mm
• It must be deeply embedded in bone,to prevent subsequent
bone resorption from exposing tooth root & interfering with
prosthesis.
• Must not be infected & no radiolucency around root apex than
The risk of surgery must be greater than benefit such as:
• Removal causes excessive destruction of surroundin
tissue,bone or gingiva
• Endangers vital structures like inf alveolar nerve
• There are chances of displacing root into tissue spaces or into
maxillary sinus
Patient must be informed about the judgement and consent must
be obtained.
•
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46. •
•
•
•
•
•
Check for sharp bony edges and filng has to be done.
Currettage if there is periapical lesion
Thorough irrigation with normal saline/betadine.
Most inferior portion of flap is common place for debris to
settle especially in mandibular extractions which causes
delayed healing or even small subperiosteal abscess in 3-4
days
Flap is then set in original position & sutured in place with 3-0
black silk sutures
Pressure pack is placed
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47. Similar to that for closed method
• Inform the patient about swelling
• Antibiotics & analgesics
• Cold pack application may be advised
Recall the patient after 5 days for suture removal and access the
healing.
•
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48. •
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Presurgical assessment of the patient includes evaluation of
level of anxiety,determination of health status and necessary
modifications of routine procedures,evaluation of clinical
presentation of tooth to be removed,and radiographic
evaluation of tooth root and bone.
All four factors must be weighed when estimating difficulty of
extraction and least traumatic and efficient tooth removal
should be performed.
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49. •
•
•
•
CONTEMPORARY ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL
SURGERY-4th ed;LARRY.J.PETERSON
THE EXTRACTION OF TEETH-GEOFFREY.L.HOWE
ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY-5th ed;W.HARRY
ARCHER
TEXTBOOK OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL
SURGERY-BALAJI
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