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Executable Music Documents 
David De Roure 
e-Research Centre, University of Oxford 
@dder
The digital music research community as an 
exemplar of future scholarly practice. 
What can we learn for Digital Libraries? 
What can we learn from Digital Libraries? 
• Defamiliarisation 
• Execution 
• Translation
A revolutionary idea… 
Open Science! 
rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org
http://www.music-ir.org/mirex 
The 
Social 
Machine
http://www.scilogs.com/eresearch/pages-of-history/ David De Roure
Big data elephant versus sense-making network? 
Iain Buchan 
The challenge is to foster the co-constituted socio-technical 
system on the right i.e. a computationally-enabled sense-making 
network of expertise, data, models, software, visualisations and 
narratives
human 
as author 
human 
as reader 
narrative 
about 
software 
machine 
as reader 
David De Roure
I believe that the time is ripe for 
significantly better 
documentation of programs, and 
that we can best achieve this by 
considering programs to be works 
of literature… 
Instead of imagining that our 
main task is to instruct a 
computer what to do, let us 
concentrate rather on explaining 
to human beings what we want a 
computer to do. 
Knuth, Donald E. (1984). "Literate Programming”. The 
Computer Journal (British Computer Society) 27 (2): 97–111.
… a computer language is not just a way of 
getting a computer to perform operations 
but rather that it is a novel formal medium 
for expressing ideas about methodology.
The Journal of Open Research Software 
(JORS) features peer reviewed Software 
Metapapers describing research software 
with high reuse potential. 
We are working with a number of specialist 
and institutional repositories to ensure that 
the associated software is professionally 
archived, preserved, and is openly available. 
Equally importantly, the software and the 
papers will be citable, and reuse will be 
tracked. 
http://openresearchsoftware.metajnl.com/
Meandre seasr.org/meandre 
Steven Downie
The Evolution of myExperiment 
Research Objects 
Workflows 
Computational 
Research Objects 
Packs 
OAI 
ORE 
W3C PROV 
Social Objects
The R Dimensions 
Research Objects facilitate research that is 
reproducible, repeatable, replicable, reusable, 
referenceable, retrievable, reviewable, replayable, 
re-interpretable, reprocessable, recomposable, 
reconstructable, repurposable, reliable, 
respectful, reputable, revealable, recoverable, 
restorable, reparable, refreshable?” 
@dder 14 April 2014 
sci method 
access 
understand 
new use 
social 
curation 
Research 
Object 
Principles
Notifications and automatic re-runs 
Autonomic 
Curation 
Machines are users too 
Self-repair 
New research? 
David De Roure
Executable 
Documents 
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stacks_in_Michigan_State_University_library.JPG
consume 
produce 
compose 
perform 
capture 
distribute 
Steve Benford plus curation, preservation, …
Digital Music Object 
Mark Sandler
Fusing Audio 
and Semantic 
Technologies for 
Intelligent Music 
Production and 
Consumption 
Future of Research 
Communication 
and e-Scholarship 
end to end digital systems 
research objects 
PI: Mark Sandler
• Will digital libraries provide the infrastructure to execute documents, 
or will people deploy them on alternative infrastructures? What are 
the implications for discovery, curation, and its automation? 
• Who gains credit and owns the intellectual property generated when 
a document runs automatically? Who is liable for damage that 
arises? What are the implications of unintended or accidental 
assembly of research methods and outcomes? 
• What are the implications of research that occurs at very high speed, 
possibly speculatively, without human intervention? Where is the 
(critical, creative, subversive) human in the loop? Are we ‘burning’ 
research methods into an automated research platform? 
• How do executable documents sit in the social websites of 
discovery, authoring, publishing and sharing; i.e. the ecosystem of 
scholarly social machines? 
David De Roure
Scholarly practice is changing 
profoundly as we embrace new 
methods of digital research and 
engage society. 
Our centuries-old research 
communication practices 
that underpin scholarship 
are to be celebrated — 
but are they still fit for 
their purpose?
david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.uk 
www.oerc.ox.ac.uk/people/dder 
@dder 
Thanks to: Tim Crawford, Stephen Downie, Ben Fields, 
Ichinaro Fujinaga, Steve Benford, Kevin Page, Mark 
Sandler, Geraint Wiggins. 
http://www.slideshare.net/davidderoure/executable-music-documents
www.oerc.ox.ac.uk 
david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.uk 
@dder

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Executable Music Documents

  • 1. Executable Music Documents David De Roure e-Research Centre, University of Oxford @dder
  • 2. The digital music research community as an exemplar of future scholarly practice. What can we learn for Digital Libraries? What can we learn from Digital Libraries? • Defamiliarisation • Execution • Translation
  • 3. A revolutionary idea… Open Science! rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org
  • 6. Big data elephant versus sense-making network? Iain Buchan The challenge is to foster the co-constituted socio-technical system on the right i.e. a computationally-enabled sense-making network of expertise, data, models, software, visualisations and narratives
  • 7. human as author human as reader narrative about software machine as reader David De Roure
  • 8. I believe that the time is ripe for significantly better documentation of programs, and that we can best achieve this by considering programs to be works of literature… Instead of imagining that our main task is to instruct a computer what to do, let us concentrate rather on explaining to human beings what we want a computer to do. Knuth, Donald E. (1984). "Literate Programming”. The Computer Journal (British Computer Society) 27 (2): 97–111.
  • 9.
  • 10. … a computer language is not just a way of getting a computer to perform operations but rather that it is a novel formal medium for expressing ideas about methodology.
  • 11. The Journal of Open Research Software (JORS) features peer reviewed Software Metapapers describing research software with high reuse potential. We are working with a number of specialist and institutional repositories to ensure that the associated software is professionally archived, preserved, and is openly available. Equally importantly, the software and the papers will be citable, and reuse will be tracked. http://openresearchsoftware.metajnl.com/
  • 12.
  • 14. The Evolution of myExperiment Research Objects Workflows Computational Research Objects Packs OAI ORE W3C PROV Social Objects
  • 15. The R Dimensions Research Objects facilitate research that is reproducible, repeatable, replicable, reusable, referenceable, retrievable, reviewable, replayable, re-interpretable, reprocessable, recomposable, reconstructable, repurposable, reliable, respectful, reputable, revealable, recoverable, restorable, reparable, refreshable?” @dder 14 April 2014 sci method access understand new use social curation Research Object Principles
  • 16. Notifications and automatic re-runs Autonomic Curation Machines are users too Self-repair New research? David De Roure
  • 18. consume produce compose perform capture distribute Steve Benford plus curation, preservation, …
  • 19. Digital Music Object Mark Sandler
  • 20. Fusing Audio and Semantic Technologies for Intelligent Music Production and Consumption Future of Research Communication and e-Scholarship end to end digital systems research objects PI: Mark Sandler
  • 21. • Will digital libraries provide the infrastructure to execute documents, or will people deploy them on alternative infrastructures? What are the implications for discovery, curation, and its automation? • Who gains credit and owns the intellectual property generated when a document runs automatically? Who is liable for damage that arises? What are the implications of unintended or accidental assembly of research methods and outcomes? • What are the implications of research that occurs at very high speed, possibly speculatively, without human intervention? Where is the (critical, creative, subversive) human in the loop? Are we ‘burning’ research methods into an automated research platform? • How do executable documents sit in the social websites of discovery, authoring, publishing and sharing; i.e. the ecosystem of scholarly social machines? David De Roure
  • 22. Scholarly practice is changing profoundly as we embrace new methods of digital research and engage society. Our centuries-old research communication practices that underpin scholarship are to be celebrated — but are they still fit for their purpose?
  • 23. david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.uk www.oerc.ox.ac.uk/people/dder @dder Thanks to: Tim Crawford, Stephen Downie, Ben Fields, Ichinaro Fujinaga, Steve Benford, Kevin Page, Mark Sandler, Geraint Wiggins. http://www.slideshare.net/davidderoure/executable-music-documents