The document discusses exception handling in Java. It begins by defining exceptions as abnormal runtime errors. It then explains the five keywords used for exception handling in Java: try, catch, throw, throws, and finally. It provides examples of using these keywords and describes their purposes. Specifically, it explains that try is used to monitor for exceptions, catch handles caught exceptions, throw explicitly throws exceptions, throws specifies exceptions a method can throw, and finally contains cleanup code. The document also discusses uncaught exceptions, multiple catch blocks, nested try blocks, and the finally block. It provides syntax and examples for different exception handling concepts in Java.
Exception is an error event that can happen during the execution of a program and disrupts its normal flow. Java provides a robust and object oriented way to handle exception scenarios, known as Java Exception Handling.
Java - Exceptions. An exception (or exceptional event) is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. When an Exception occurs the normal flow of the program is disrupted and the program/Application terminates abnormally, which is not recommended, therefore, these exceptions are to be handled.
Exception is an error event that can happen during the execution of a program and disrupts its normal flow. Java provides a robust and object oriented way to handle exception scenarios, known as Java Exception Handling.
Java - Exceptions. An exception (or exceptional event) is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. When an Exception occurs the normal flow of the program is disrupted and the program/Application terminates abnormally, which is not recommended, therefore, these exceptions are to be handled.
Dictionary Meaning: Exception is an abnormal condition.
Exception is an unwanted or unexpected event, which occurs during the execution of a program, i.e. at run time, that disrupts the normal flow of the program’s instructions.
Exceptions can be caught and handled by the program.
When an exception occurs within a method, it creates an object. This object is called the exception object. It contains information about the exception, such as the name and description of the exception and the state of the program when the exception occurred.
Errors represent irrecoverable conditions such as Java virtual machine (JVM) running out of memory, memory leaks, stack overflow errors, library incompatibility, infinite recursion, etc. Errors are usually beyond the control of the programmer, and we should not try to handle errors.
Error: An Error indicates a serious problem that a reasonable application should not try to catch.
Exception: Exception indicates conditions that a reasonable application might try to catch.
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2. Guess the Output:
12/19/20172
public class Arithmetic {
public static void main(String[] Geek)
{
Integer a = 2;
Integer b;
b = a / 0;
System.out.println("Value of b is:"
+b);
}
}
Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at
Arithmatic.main(Arithmatic.java:7)
3. Introduction
12/19/20173
An exception is an abnormal condition that
arises in a code sequence at run time. In other
words, an exception is a run-time error.
In Java it is handled using 5 keywords
try
catch
throw
throws
finally
4. Using Keywords:
12/19/20174
try – A block of source code that is to be
monitored for exception
catch – It handles the specific type of exception
along with the try block.
throw – It is used to throw specific exception
from the program code.
throws – It specifies the exception that can be
thrown by a particular method.
finally – it specifies the code that must be
executed even though exception may or may not
be occur
Note:
1. For ever try block there exist the cache block.
6. Cont..,
12/19/20176
The statement(s) that are likely to
cause an exception are enclosed
within a try block. For these
statements the exception is thrown.
There is another block defined by
the keyword catch which is
responsible for handling the
exception thrown by the try catch
block.
As soon as exception occurs it is
handled by the catch block.
The cache block is added
immediately after the try block
7. Syntax of try- cache:
12/19/20177
try
{
//exception gets generated here
}
Catch(Type_of_Exception e)
{
//exception is handled here
}
8. Guess the Output:
12/19/20178
public class Arithmetic {
public static void main(String[] Geek)
{
Integer a = 2;
Integer b;
try
{
b = a / 0;
}
catch (ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println(e + "Exception occurs");
}
System.out.println("Exception Example Program");
}
Output:
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by
zeroException occurs
Exception Example Program
11. throw keyword:
12/19/201711
It is used to explicitly throw an exception.
We can throw either checked or unchecked
exception.
The throw keyword is mainly used to throw
custom exception.
12. throws keyword:
12/19/201712
If a method is capable of causing an exception
that it does not handle, it must specify this
behavior so that callers of the method can
guard themselves against that exception.
You do this by including a throws clause in the
method’s declaration.
A throws clause lists the types of exceptions
that a method might throw.
13. throws keyword:
12/19/201713
This is necessary for all exceptions, except
those of type Error or RuntimeException, or
any of their subclasses.
All other exceptions that a method can throw
must be declared in the throws clause.
If they are not, a compile-time error will result
15. throw & throws Example:
12/19/201715
class InvalidAgeException extends Exception{
InvalidAgeException(String s){
super (s); System.out.println(s); }
}
public class ExceptionDemo {
static void validate (int age) throws
InvalidAgeException {
if (age<18)
throw new InvalidAgeException("not
valid");
else
System.out.println("welcome to vote");
}
16. throw Example:
12/19/201716
public static void main (String args[]){
try{
validate(13);
}
catch (Exception m){
System.out.println("Exception occurred: "+m);
}
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}
Output:
not valid
Exception occurred: InvalidAgeException: not valid
rest of the code...
17. Difference between throw and throws
keyword:
12/19/201717
Sl.
No
throw throws
1
It is used to explicitly throw an
exception
Used to declare and exception
2 It is followed by an instance It is followed by class
3
throw is used within the
method.
throws is used with the method
signature.
4
You cannot throw multiple
exception
You can declare multiple
exception e.g.
public void method()throws
IOException,SQLException.
18. Uncaught Exception
12/19/201718
If there exist some code in the source program
which may cause an exception and if the
programmer does not handle this exception
then java runtime system raises the exception.
19. Uncaught Exception Example:
12/19/201719
public class Arithmetic {
public static void main(String[] Geek)
{
Integer a = 2;
Integer b;
b = a / 0;
System.out.println("Value of b is:"
+b);
}
}
Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at
Arithmatic.main(Arithmatic.java:7)
20. Multiple catch block:
12/19/201720
If you have to perform different tasks at the
occurrence of different Exceptions, use multiple
catch block.
Note:
At a time only one Exception is occurred and
at a time only one catch block is executed.
All catch blocks must be ordered from most
specific to most general. i.e. catch for
ArithmeticException must come before catch
for Exception.
21. Multiple catch block Example 1:
12/19/201721
public class Main1{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{ int a[]=new int[5];
a[5]=30/0; }
catch(ArithmeticException e){
System.out.println(e+" - task1 is completed"); }
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
System.out.println("task 2 completed"); }
catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("common task completed"); }
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}
Output:
Task1 is completed
rest of the code…
22. Multiple catch block Example2:
12/19/201722
public class Main1{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{ int a[]=new int[5];
a[5]=30/0; }
catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("common task completed"); }
catch(ArithmeticException e){
System.out.println(e+" - task1 is completed"); }
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
System.out.println("task 2 completed"); }
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}
Output:
Compile-time error
23. Nested try block:
12/19/201723
try block within a try block is known as nested
try block.
Sometimes a situation may arise where a part
of a block may cause one error and the entire
block itself may cause another error.
In such cases, exception handlers have to be
nested
25. Nested try Example:
12/19/201725
public class Main2{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
try{ System.out.println("going to divide");
int b =39/0;
}
catch (ArithmeticException e){
System.out.println(e); }
try{ int a[]=new int[5];
a[5]=4;
}
catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
System.out.println(e); }
System.out.println("other statement");
}
26. Nested try Example:
12/19/201726
}
catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("handled");
}
System.out.println("normal flow..");
}
} Output:
going to divide
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 5
other statement
normal flow..
27. Finally block:
12/19/201727
The finally block is a block that is always
executed.
Before terminating the program, JVM executes
finally block(if any).
Finally must be followed by try or catch block.
finally block can be used to put "cleanup" code
such as closing a file, closing db connection
etc..,
28. finally Example:
12/19/201728
public class Main2{
public static void main(String args[]){
try {
int data=25/0;
System.out.println(data);
}
catch (NullPointerException e){System.out.println(e);}
finally {
System.out.println("finally block is always executed"); }
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}
Output:
Exception in thread "main" finally block is always
executed
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at Main2.main(Main2.java:4)