The document discusses exception handling in Java. It describes different types of errors like compile-time errors and run-time errors. It explains checked and unchecked exceptions in Java. Checked exceptions must be handled, while unchecked exceptions may or may not be handled. Finally, it covers how to create user-defined exceptions in Java by extending the Exception class and throwing exceptions using the throw keyword.

1. Exception Handling
In JAVA
-M Vishnuvardhan,
Dept. of Computer Science,
SSBN Degree College, ATP

2. SSBN Degree College, ATP M Vishnuvardhan
Introduction
In general a program contains the
following types of errors
a)Compile-Time Errors
b)Run-Time Errors

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Compile-Time Errors
Compile time errors are mainly due to the following reasons
a)Misspelt of the keywords i.e., float x,y;
b)Wrong Identifier names i.e., int avg?marks;
c)Wrong Syntax i.e., missing of semicolon …
d)Wrong semantics i.e., int x=3.14;
These errors are identified by the compiler and can be rectified very
easily

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Run-Time Errors
In programs there are certain types of errors which are not
found at compilation time. These are known at the time of
running. The compiler cant find these category of errors.
Run-time errors are mainly due to the wrong input and wrong
logic in the program. Run-time errors are called as Exceptions.
E.g., int a,b,c;
a= 20; b=0;
c= a/b;

5. SSBN Degree College, ATP M Vishnuvardhan
Exception - Defined
An desirable/ abnormal situation which prevail inside the
program is called as an Exception.
In general when ever exception occurs the program suddenly
stops. This leads to a major problem when working with files,
databases, network connections….
Exception handling is a technique or mechanism of handling
seriousness of the exception.
Traditional programming languages lack of exception handling
mechanism. But all modern programming languages are capable
of handling the exception
Robust programming language

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Exceptions in java
The undesirable condition in java are categorized in to two types
1.Error – Hardware related can’t be handled from the program
2.Exception – Software related can be handled from the program
Object
Throwable
Error Exception
StackOver
FlowError
Virtual
MachineError
Checked
Exception
Unchecked
Exception
UserDefined
Exception

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Categories of Exceptions
Exception is the base class of all types of the Exceptions
Checked Exception:- Must be handled by the programmer other wise
compile time error is generated
Unchecked Exception:- It may or may not be handled by the programmer
no compile time error is generated. RunTimeException is the base class of
all unchecked Exceptions
User Defined Exceptions:- In general java deals with common types of
exception for a specific type of exception. The programmer has to define
the exceptions of the specific type those are called as User-defined
Exceptions

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Checked Exceptions
Exception
FileNotFoundException
IllegalThreadStateException
InterruptedException
IOException
SQLException

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Checked Exceptions
FileNotFoundException:
Occurs when an attempt is made to open a file which is not
actually present.
IllegalThreadStateException:
Occurs when a thread is moved to an illegal state
InterruptedException:
Occurs when a Thread is interrupted.
IOException:
Occurs due to the failure of the h/w or s/w associated with
the I/O devices etc.,
SQLException:
Occurs when a database connection is not available or when it
returns null.

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RunTimeException
RunTimeException
ArithmeticException
NumberFormatException
NullPointerException
IndexOutOfBoundsException
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

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Runtime Exceptions
ArithmeticException:
Occurs when a number is divided by zero
e.g.: int c=20/0; ---> ArithmeticException
NumberFormatException:
Occurs an attempt is made to convert String with invalid digits
to number
e.g.: String s="123abc";
int x= Integer.parseInt(s); -- > NumberFormatException
NumberFormatException:
Occurs when a reference is used with out instance
E.g.: Rectangle r1; //Object is not initialized.
r1.display();

12. SSBN Degree College, ATP M Vishnuvardhan
Runtime Exceptions
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException:
Occurs when an array is referred beyond the boundaries
e.g: int a[]={10,20,30,40,50};
System.out.println(a[20]); //referring the array beyond boundaries
ArrayStoreException:
Occurs when an attempt is made to store wrong type of object
is stored in array of objects.
Eg: String s[]=new String [5];
s[0]=new Integer(75); // storing integer object in String array
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException:
Occurs when a String is referred beyond the string boundaries.
e.g. String s=“Java Program”;
char ch =s.charAt(23); // referring String beyond the
boundaries

13. SSBN Degree College, ATP M Vishnuvardhan
Exception Handling in Java
Exception handling in java can be done with the help of keywords
like try, catch, finally, throw, throws
try
{
-------
-------
}
catch(ExceptionClass 1)
{ }
catch(ExceptionClass 2)
{ }
----
-----
-----
catch(ExceptionClass n)
{ }
finally
{ }

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Exception Class Methods
 String getMessage(): returns the message returns
associated with the Exception
 String toString(): prints the exception name as well as
the message associated with the exception
 void printStackTrace(): prints the exception name,
message associated with it, line number in which the
exception is present and the method name where the
statement is present and class where the method is
located i.e..., full details

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finally block
A try block may contain any number of catch blocks but it contains
at most one finally block. The finally block is executed at least
once whether the exception occurs or not in the try block.
In general the try hold the statements like closing of files, closing
of streams, closing of the database connection and network
connections.

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User defined Exceptions
Java deals the general type of the exceptions which commonly
occur in the program. For an application type or a specific type of
exception we need to create our own exceptions. These exception
are called as user defined exceptions
Steps to create User defined exception
Create a class by extending from Exception class
If needed override any one of the Exception class methods
Check the condition for occurring of the exception
Create and object for the Exception and manually throw it using
throw keyword

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throw keyword
throw:- It is used to throw and exception from the try block
towards the catch blocks manually. Most of the it is used with user
defined exceptions where exception must be manually throw from
try block.
Syntax : throw new ExceptionClassName(<<Params>>);
E.g.: throw new ArithmeticException();

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throws keyword
throws:- It is generally used to postpone the exception handling.
Generally used at the method declaration to list the exception
which occur in the method. Any one who uses the method must
and should handle the exception listed
E.g.: public void test () throws IOException
{
======
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
test()
----
}
catch(IOException e)
{
---
}
}

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Questions