EVOLUTION OF RESEARCH

1. EVOLUTION OF
RESEARCH

2. The ‘’Research’’Meaning
• The word research is derived from
the Middle French "recherche", which
means "to go about seeking’’
• The term itself being derived from the Old
French term "recerchier" a compound
word from "re-" + "cerchier", or "sercher",
meaning 'search'
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3. Definition
One definition of research is used by
the OECD
• Research is "creative and systematic work
undertaken to increase the stock
of knowledge
• Including knowledge of humans, culture
and society, and the use of this stock of
knowledge to devise new applications.
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4. Evolution of Research
• According to John W. Creswell "research
is a process of steps used to collect and
analyze information to increase our
understanding of a topic or issue".
• It consists of three steps: pose a question,
collect data to answer the question, and
present an answer to the question
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5. Evolution of Research
• Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines
research in more detail as
• “Studious inquiry or examination’’
• Especially : investigation or experimentation
aimed at the discovery and interpretation of
facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in
the light of new facts, or practical application
of such new or revised theories or laws"
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6. Evolution of Research
• Evolution in research process along the
evolution of human and development in
the history.
• The advancements are result of research
and research was conducted on numerous
areas with observation and human urge for
perfection.
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7. Objectives of Research
• Find out truth which is hidden and which
has not been discovered.
• Portray accurate the characteristics of a
particular individual, situation or a group.
• Determine the frequency with which
something occurs or with which it is
associated with something else.
• Test a hypothesis of a casual relationship
between variables.
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8. Milestones of Development
There are some stages that evolved the
concept of research evolution .
• Agricultural practices ( animal farming and
crop farming)
• Industrialization
• Cure / remedies for diseases
• Mechanization of agriculture/ green
revolution
• Technological advancement 8

9. Types of Research
Original research
• Original research is research that is not
exclusively based on a summary, review or
synthesis of earlier publications on the
subject of research.
• The purpose of the original research is to
produce new knowledge, rather than to
present the existing knowledge in a new
form.
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10. Scientific research
• Scientific research is a systematic way of
gathering data and harnessing curiosity.
• The research
provides scientific information and
theories for the explanation of
the nature and the properties of the world.
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11. Conti…
• Empirical
• One time research/ longitudinal
• Field setting research
• Clinical/ laboratory
• Historical
• Conclusion oriented
• Decision oriented
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12. Steps Of Research
• Identify the Problem
• Review the Literature
• Clarify the Problem
• Clearly Define Terms and Concepts
• Develop the Instrumentation Plan
• Collect and analyze data
• Results
• Cite your sources and proofread
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13. Research Design
Quantitative research:
• It is used for understanding of underlying
reasons, opinions, and motivations.
• It helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for
potential quantitative research.
Qualitative research:
• Quantify the problem by way of
generating numerical data
• Through Interviews, survey 13

14. Criteria Of Good Research
• Purpose should be clearly defined.
• Common concept should be used.
• Explain procedure clearly for continuity.
• Results should be as objective as possible.
• Report with frankness.
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15. References
• OECD (2015). Frascati Manual. The Measurement of Scientific,
Technological and Innovation Activities. doi:10.1787/9789264239012-
en. ISBN 978-9264238800.
• "OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms – Research and development
UNESCO Definition". stats.oecd.org. Archived from the original on 19
February 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
• Creswell, J.W. (2008). Educational Research: Planning, conducting, and
evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle
River: Pearson.
• Campbell, Reece. Biology, Sixth edition. Benjamin Cummings. 2001
• Livesscience.com/474/controversy-evolution-works.html
• "What is Original Research? Original research is considered a primary
source". Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida.
Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
• Rozakis, Laurie (2007). Schaum's Quick Guide to Writing Great Research
Papers. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0071511223 – via Google
Books
• Research methodology methods and techniques ( second revised edition ),
C.R. Kothari ( chapter -1)
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