This document traces the evolution of information and communication technologies used in education from 1925 to 1947. It describes early technologies like film projectors in 1925, overhead projectors in 1930, and the first computer in 1936. It then covers the invention of the ballpoint pen in the 1940s, mimeograph machines for duplicating materials, and the breakthrough invention of the transistor in 1947 which revolutionized electronics. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the key technologies that emerged between 1925 and 1947 that helped advance education through visual aids and early computing and duplication devices.

1. Erwin P. Bautista
EVOLUTION OF
ICT IN
EDUCATION

2. 1925
FILM PROJECTOR
IT IS ALSO
CALLED MOVIE
PROJECTOR
WHICH IS USED
FOR PROJECTING
MOVING IMAGES
FROM FILM.

3.  Thomas Edison predicted
that, thanks to the
invention of projected
images, “books will soon be
obsolete in schools.
Scholars will soon be
instructed through the
eye.”

4. 1930
 An overhead projector
designed by American
scientist Henry Morton
 marketed around 1880 as
a "vertical lantern“.
 The use of transparent
sheets for overhead
projection, called
viewfoils or viewgraphs

5. 1930
OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
 WAS INITIALLY USED
BY THE U.S MILITARY
FOR TRAINING
PURPOSES IN WORLD
WAR II, BUT LATER ON
QUICKLY SPREAD TO
SCHOOLS AND OTHER
ORGANIZATIONS.

6. 1936
THE FIRST COMPUTER
 In 1936 Zuse finished the
logical plan for his first
computer, the V1 (V
for Versuchsmodell—
experimental model).
 The manufacturing begin in
the same year and the
prototype was ready in
1938 making the Z1 the
first relays computer in the
world.

7.  Z1 was a
programmable
computer, based on
binary floating point
numbers and a binary
switching system.
 Z1 consisted of 6 basic
units:
 Control unit;
Arithmetical unit;
Input/Output; Memory;
Memory selector; Tape
reader

8. 1940
BALLPOINT PEN
A ballpoint pen, also
known as a biro or ball
pen, is a pen that
dispenses ink over a metal
ball at its point, i.e. over a
"ball point".
In 1941, the Bíró brothers
and a friend, Juan Jorge
Meyne, fled Germany and
moved to Argentina, where
they formed Bíró Pens of
Argentina and filed a new
patent in 1943.

9. 1940
The stencil
duplicator or mimeograph
machine is a low-cost duplicating
machine that works by forcing ink
through a stencil onto paper.
Mimeographs, along with spirit
duplicators and hectographs, were
a common technology in printing
small quantities, as in office work,
classroom materials, and church
bulletins.

10. 1947
TRANSISTOR
 A transistor is a semiconductor device
used to amplify or switch electronic
signals and electrical power.
 The transistor revolutionized the field
of electronics, and paved the way for
smaller and
cheaper radios, calculators,
and computers, among other things.

11. 1947
 Invented in 1947 by
American physicists John
Bardeen, Walter Brattain,
and William Shockley.
 The transistor is on
the list of IEEE
milestones in
electronics, and Bardeen,
Brattain, and Shockley
shared the 1956 Nobel
Prize in Physics for their
achievement.