Media has evolved greatly over thousands of years, from early cave paintings 30,000 years ago to modern digital technologies. Key developments include the first alphabet in 2700 BCE, the first printed book in 868 CE using wooden blocks, Johannes Gutenberg's printing press in 1455 CE enabling mass printing of texts, and the rise of newspapers starting in 1640 in England. The late 19th century saw many innovations like the phonograph, photography, radio, and motion pictures. Color television became widespread in homes by 1970. The personal computer revolution began in the late 1970s and 1980s with the IBM PC. Digital media like DVDs, satellite radio, online music stores, social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram, further transformed