Earth formed around 4.6 billion years ago from a large cloud of dust and gas particles that collided under the force of gravity. As these particles slammed together, the early Earth experienced immense heat that melted the cosmic dust within its interior, forming a magma ocean deep underground. During Earth's early history when it was still young, intense volcanic activity and lava flows at the surface were caused by heat from the interior as well as constant bombardment from huge objects like the Moon or Mars. Over time, Earth cooled and conditions became stable enough for life to emerge as the geological eras progressed.

1. Evolution of Earth
Presented To: Dr Abdul Razaq
Presented By: Samreen Qasim (2022-mphil-1390)

2. Contents
Introduction
Earth’s formation
Geologic time scale
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3. Introduction
• The universe began in the Big bang 14 billion years ago.
• The big bang was a massive explosion that produced two
things – matter and energy
• At the time of big bang the entire was compressed in a
bubble thousand times smaller than a pinhead
• It was hotter and more dense than anything we can imagine
• The universe grew and cooled and eventually stars and
galaxies are formed
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4. Earth’s formation
• The earth was formed about 4.6 billion years
ago
• It was formed by the collision of particles in a
large cloud of material
• Slowly gravity gathered together all these
particles of dust and gas and formed large
clumps
• These clumps continued to collide and
gradually grew bigger and bigger eventually
forming the Earth

5. • Large bodies slamming into the planet
produced immense heat in its interior
melting the cosmic dust found there
• The resulting furnace – situated some 200 to
400 kilometers underground called magma
• Magma ocean gives rise to volcanic eruption
• When the earth was young, heat at the
surface caused by volcanism and lava ows
from the interior was intensified by constant
bombardment of huge objects, perhaps the
size of moon or even mars
• No life was possible during this period

6. Geological time
scale
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7. Thank You
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