The document discusses several lines of evidence that support evolution including: 1) Miller-Urey experiments in 1953 showed that amino acids and other organic molecules could form from inorganic precursors. 2) Experiments on protenoids showed some structures took on protein-like or enzyme-like behaviors. 3) Components of viruses, ribosomes, and RNA have been shown to self-assemble into functional structures. 4) Endosymbiotic theory proposes that chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from ancient bacteria, as they have their own DNA and ribosomes and similarities to cyanobacteria and other bacteria.

1. Evolution not just a theory

2. Miller-Urey, 1953 amino acids, sugars, etc. were produced other mixtures led to formation of nucleotide bases

3. Protenoids heating organic components to high temps results in structures with a protein like properties (Fox) some engaged in enzyme like behavior (splitting and bonding) some in hormone-like behavior (melanin production) when allowed to cool, some developed a double membrane and selective permeability different in many ways from actual proteins, however

4. “ Self-Assembly” take the proteins and nucleic acid components of the tobacco mosaic virus together in the right conditions and they spontaneously aggregate into the structure needed to produce the virus components of ribosomes will self-aggregate (Nomura) components of RNA will self-aggregate synthetic RNA will self-replicate (Joyce)

5. Endosymbiont Hypothesis Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: have their own DNA and their own ribosomes

6. Endosymbiont Hypothesis Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: have their own DNA and their own ribosomes ribosome structure is different than the ribosomes of eukaryotes

7. Endosymbiont Hypothesis Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: have their own DNA and their own ribosomes reproduce independently of the cell ribosome structure is different than the ribosomes of eukaryotes

8. Endosymbiont Hypothesis Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: have their own DNA and their own ribosomes reproduce independently of the cell cells have no other way to make them ribosome structure is different than the ribosomes of eukaryotes

9. Endosymbiont Hypothesis (cont’d) Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have structural similarities to:

10. Endosymbiont Hypothesis (cont’d) Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have structural similarities to: cyanobacteria

11. Endosymbiont Hypothesis (cont’d) Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have structural similarities to: cyanobacteria bacteria

12. Endosymbiont Hypothesis (cont’d) Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have structural similarities to: cyanobacteria (autotrophs) bacteria (heterotrophs) Hypothesis : chloroplasts and mitochondria are descendents of some kind of ancient bacteria

13. Sugar Rays: the evolution of photosynthesis http://www.pubinfo.vcu.edu/secretsofthesequence/search_frame.asp click the black box to begin movie

14. end of part 1

15. part 2

16. Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection

17. Overproduction populations tend to produce more offspring than are needed Variation individuals within a population vary in their phenotype and therefore their genotype Natural Selection some variants will be favored in a particular environment while others might be disfavored Evolution each new generation will contain proportionally more descendents from individuals with favorable characteristics

18. Individuals do NOT evolve!!! . . . but populations do.