Chromosomes

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The document discusses key concepts about chromosomes including: the characteristic number of chromosomes in different organisms like humans having 46 and dogs having 78; chromosomes X and Y determining sex; karyotypes showing chromosome types and numbers; polyploidy and diploidy relating to plant varieties like strawberries and irises; calico cats being almost always female otherwise indicating a chromosomal abnormality; and gene mapping locating genes to specific positions on chromosomes which code for proteins determining traits that can now be added to chromosomes.

Technology

chromosome number: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

commercial vs. wild strawberries ,[object Object],[object Object]

bearded vs. wild irises ,[object Object],[object Object]

calico cats are almost always female (otherwise they have a chromosomal abnormality

gene mapping: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

genes can now be added to chromosomes that will code for new traits

“Cytogenetics traditionally refers to the study of chromosomes by microscopy following the application of banding techniques, permitting identification of abnormalities of chromosome number, loss or gain of chromosomal material or positional changes”. Standardized nomenclature is critical for the accurate and consistent description of genomic changes as identified by karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization and microarray. The International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (ISCN) is the central reference for the description of karyotyping, FISH, and microarray results, and provides rules for describing cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic findings in laboratory reports. These laboratory reports are documents to the referring clinician, and should be clear, accurate and contain all information relevant for good interpretation of the cytogenetic findings.

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Chromosomes

1. Chromosomes

3. chromosomes ( X and Y)

4. human karyotype

7. calico cats are almost always female (otherwise they have a chromosomal abnormality

10. genes can now be added to chromosomes that will code for new traits

Chromosomes

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