The document discusses key concepts about chromosomes including: the characteristic number of chromosomes in different organisms like humans having 46 and dogs having 78; chromosomes X and Y determining sex; karyotypes showing chromosome types and numbers; polyploidy and diploidy relating to plant varieties like strawberries and irises; calico cats being almost always female otherwise indicating a chromosomal abnormality; and gene mapping locating genes to specific positions on chromosomes which code for proteins determining traits that can now be added to chromosomes.

1. Chromosomes

2. chromosome number: each organism has a characteristic number of chromosomes humans have 46 (in 23 pairs) dogs have 78 (39 pairs) having a full set of chromosomes, the right types in the right numbers is important

3. chromosomes ( X and Y)

4. human karyotype

5. commercial vs. wild strawberries polyploid diploid

6. bearded vs. wild irises polyploid diploid

7. calico cats are almost always female (otherwise they have a chromosomal abnormality

8. gene mapping: sections of DNA that code for specific proteins are called genes the proteins produced from these genes determine specific characteristics genes exist in specific locations on specific chromosomes

10. genes can now be added to chromosomes that will code for new traits