1. Five PhD students from the Electricity Research Centre gave talks on various topics in power systems engineering to undergraduate students. There was a discussion of themes in power systems and a Q&A session.
2. Three speakers with engineering backgrounds discussed their entrepreneurial journeys. There was a panel discussion and networking event afterwards.
3. A research pitching competition was held for energy research students. Presentations were 3 minutes with 3 slides. The winners' topics included smart building data and the impact of wind on gas generation.
The document provides information about the 7th International Conference on Envirotech, Cleantech and Greentech that was held from November 10-11, 2016 in Singapore. It lists the conference venue as Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Executive Centre. It provides details of two plenary speakers and one keynote speaker at the conference. The document also includes an abstract for an environmental degradation paper presented at the conference.
The document summarizes an international conference on research in science and technology held from November 10-11, 2016 at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. It provides details on the conference venue, plenary and keynote speakers, and includes the abstract of a paper presented on environmental degradation in Nigeria. The conference proceedings contained papers on various science and technology topics presented over the two-day period at the university.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF PPE KIT USING OPEN -LCA SOFTWAREIRJET Journal
This study conducted a life cycle assessment of common personal protective equipment (PPE) items like face shields, gloves, surgical gowns, and masks using open LCA software to identify their potential environmental impacts. The results of the LCA showed that single-use surgical gowns have the most environmental impact compared to the other PPE items in terms of acidification, ozone layer depletion, human toxicity, and global warming. Recommendations are provided to reduce the environmental impacts of PPE production, use, and disposal.
Outline and presentations of the Better Growth, Better Climate event 3rd of March 2015. The event was organised by Sitra, Climate Leadership Council, Confederations of Finnish Industries and the Ministry of the Environment.
Presentations by Jeremy Oppenheim, Programme Director, Global Commission
on the Economy and Climate
Pertti Korhonen, CEO, Outotec; Chairman Climate Leadership Council
Henrik Ehrnrooth, Chairman Caverion and Pöyry.
Fuel assessment and design of public transportation model by using movement b...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed fuel usage and designed a public transportation model using movement-based approach for Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Polytechnic in Amravati, India. Data was collected through an online survey of students and staff regarding their origin and destination to analyze the carbon emissions, fuel consumption, and costs of private versus public transportation. The results showed that switching to public transportation could significantly reduce carbon emissions and costs while still meeting transportation needs. However, improving existing public transportation in terms of safety, comfort and connectivity would be needed to encourage more people to switch. The study concluded that transitioning to sustainable public transportation is important for environmental protection and future generations, though challenging.
This document summarizes the costs of France's nuclear power program from 1970 to 2000. Some key points:
1) France successfully scaled up nuclear power, reaching 80% of electricity from nuclear. This was a substantial, rapid, and systemic increase in nuclear deployment.
2) The program was made possible by a unique institutional framework that allowed for centralized decision making, standardization, and regulatory stability.
3) Despite being the most successful nuclear scale-up, costs still escalated substantially over time. Specific reactor costs increased by more than a factor of three between the first and last generations. Operating costs remained stable.
4) The French case shows that large-scale, complex energy technologies face significant
1) Sustainable development requires an integrated systems approach to planning that considers interdependencies between sectors like water, energy, infrastructure, and the environment.
2) Tools like the CLEW model and iSDG model can help analyze cross-sectoral linkages and support sustainable development planning.
3) A systems of systems approach is needed to understand risks from critical infrastructure failures and interdependencies between sectors like energy, water, and transportation.
4) An integrated governance system with high-level inter-ministerial coordination and an integrated information system using national accounts data can support an effective integrated systems approach.
1. Five PhD students from the Electricity Research Centre gave talks on various topics in power systems engineering to undergraduate students. There was a discussion of themes in power systems and a Q&A session.
2. Three speakers with engineering backgrounds discussed their entrepreneurial journeys. There was a panel discussion and networking event afterwards.
3. A research pitching competition was held for energy research students. Presentations were 3 minutes with 3 slides. The winners' topics included smart building data and the impact of wind on gas generation.
The document provides information about the 7th International Conference on Envirotech, Cleantech and Greentech that was held from November 10-11, 2016 in Singapore. It lists the conference venue as Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Executive Centre. It provides details of two plenary speakers and one keynote speaker at the conference. The document also includes an abstract for an environmental degradation paper presented at the conference.
The document summarizes an international conference on research in science and technology held from November 10-11, 2016 at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. It provides details on the conference venue, plenary and keynote speakers, and includes the abstract of a paper presented on environmental degradation in Nigeria. The conference proceedings contained papers on various science and technology topics presented over the two-day period at the university.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF PPE KIT USING OPEN -LCA SOFTWAREIRJET Journal
This study conducted a life cycle assessment of common personal protective equipment (PPE) items like face shields, gloves, surgical gowns, and masks using open LCA software to identify their potential environmental impacts. The results of the LCA showed that single-use surgical gowns have the most environmental impact compared to the other PPE items in terms of acidification, ozone layer depletion, human toxicity, and global warming. Recommendations are provided to reduce the environmental impacts of PPE production, use, and disposal.
Outline and presentations of the Better Growth, Better Climate event 3rd of March 2015. The event was organised by Sitra, Climate Leadership Council, Confederations of Finnish Industries and the Ministry of the Environment.
Presentations by Jeremy Oppenheim, Programme Director, Global Commission
on the Economy and Climate
Pertti Korhonen, CEO, Outotec; Chairman Climate Leadership Council
Henrik Ehrnrooth, Chairman Caverion and Pöyry.
Fuel assessment and design of public transportation model by using movement b...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed fuel usage and designed a public transportation model using movement-based approach for Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Polytechnic in Amravati, India. Data was collected through an online survey of students and staff regarding their origin and destination to analyze the carbon emissions, fuel consumption, and costs of private versus public transportation. The results showed that switching to public transportation could significantly reduce carbon emissions and costs while still meeting transportation needs. However, improving existing public transportation in terms of safety, comfort and connectivity would be needed to encourage more people to switch. The study concluded that transitioning to sustainable public transportation is important for environmental protection and future generations, though challenging.
This document summarizes the costs of France's nuclear power program from 1970 to 2000. Some key points:
1) France successfully scaled up nuclear power, reaching 80% of electricity from nuclear. This was a substantial, rapid, and systemic increase in nuclear deployment.
2) The program was made possible by a unique institutional framework that allowed for centralized decision making, standardization, and regulatory stability.
3) Despite being the most successful nuclear scale-up, costs still escalated substantially over time. Specific reactor costs increased by more than a factor of three between the first and last generations. Operating costs remained stable.
4) The French case shows that large-scale, complex energy technologies face significant
1) Sustainable development requires an integrated systems approach to planning that considers interdependencies between sectors like water, energy, infrastructure, and the environment.
2) Tools like the CLEW model and iSDG model can help analyze cross-sectoral linkages and support sustainable development planning.
3) A systems of systems approach is needed to understand risks from critical infrastructure failures and interdependencies between sectors like energy, water, and transportation.
4) An integrated governance system with high-level inter-ministerial coordination and an integrated information system using national accounts data can support an effective integrated systems approach.
The Software Sustainability Institute (SSI) provides services to help research groups sustain their software over the long term. It collaborates with groups in various fields to improve key software through advice, training, and partnerships. Case studies describe projects in fields like fusion energy, climate modeling, geospatial data, and computational chemistry. The SSI aims to promote best practices and change perceptions so software is recognized as a valuable long-term asset, not just for initial research. Sustaining software requires support for both technical aspects and community engagement over decades.
Analysis Of Air Pollutants Affecting The Air Quality Using ARIMAIRJET Journal
This document discusses analyzing air pollutants affecting air quality using the ARIMA time series model. It begins with an abstract describing the decreasing air quality due to factors like traffic and industry. It then discusses predicting and forecasting the Air Quality Index using time series models like ARIMA. The document reviews literature on previous studies analyzing air pollution data using techniques like neural networks and random forests. It describes preprocessing time series air pollution data to address missing values and assess stationarity before deploying the ARIMA model to make predictions.
May_2024 Top 10 Read Articles in Computer Networks & Communications.pdfIJCNCJournal
The International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Computer Networks & Communications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Computer Networks & data Communications. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
The 1.7 kilogram_microchip_energy_and_ma (1)Soumitra Pal
This document summarizes the materials and energy used in the production of semiconductor devices. It finds that producing a single 32MB DRAM chip requires 1600g of secondary fossil fuels and chemicals, 32,000g of water, and 700g of elemental gases like nitrogen. Producing the silicon wafers from quartz requires 160 times as much energy as producing typical silicon, showing purification to semiconductor grade is energy intensive. Due to its highly organized low-entropy structure, a microchip's materials intensity is orders of magnitude higher than traditional goods. The analysis aims to characterize the environmental impacts of the semiconductor industry by analyzing material and energy flows through the production process.
This document summarizes a workshop on an OECD/NRC boiling water reactor turbine trip benchmark. The workshop was hosted by Exelon Nuclear and included participants from utilities, regulators, and researchers. It reviewed the draft specifications for the benchmark exercises, which involve modeling a turbine trip transient at a BWR plant using coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics codes. Workshop participants discussed the appropriate scope and deadlines for the benchmark exercises to ensure useful technical feedback and allow modeling to proceed efficiently.
This document presents a novel uncertainty-embedded dynamic life cycle sustainability assessment framework to evaluate alternative vehicle technologies from 2015 to 2050. The framework uses a system dynamics modeling approach to capture dynamic relationships and uncertainties among environmental, economic, and social parameters. Monte Carlo simulation is used to conduct multivariate uncertainty analysis for seven sustainability impact categories: carbon dioxide emissions, particulate matter formation, photochemical oxidant formation, vehicle ownership cost, contribution to GDP, employment generation, and human health impacts. The framework finds that while electric vehicles have the largest uncertainty, they are expected to best reduce human health impacts and air pollution over the long term compared to internal combustion, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid vehicles.
The document describes a proposed system to improve safety and air quality in mining industries using IoT-enabled monitoring and air purification solutions. The key aspects of the proposed system include:
1) Real-time monitoring of air quality, toxicity levels, and workers' vital signs like pulse and blood oxygen levels using sensors, an ESP32 board, and Blynk software.
2) Purification of air with 99% efficiency using filters to remove impurities and pollutants.
3) Maintaining effective communication between workers and base station and sending emergency alerts with worker location if triggered.
4) The system is expected to significantly improve safety in mining industries by utilizing cutting-edge technologies like IoT for
Preprint-WCMRI,IFERP,Singapore,28 October 2022.pdfChristo Ananth
Call for Papers- Special Session: World Conference on Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation (WCMRI-22), (Session 1: Information and Communication Technology), Singapore
Christo Ananth
Professor, Samarkand State University, Uzbekistan
Comparison of classification_techniques_on_energy_naveen700194
Rotation Forest had the highest accuracy when classifying an energy efficiency dataset using 10 different classification techniques in WEKA. Rotation Forest correctly classified 70.96% of instances for heating load (Y1) and 58.98% for cooling load (Y2). Dagging had the worst accuracy, correctly classifying only 65.88% for heating load and 55.33% for cooling load. The study used eight input variables from 768 building simulations to predict heating and cooling loads using classification techniques including Bagging, Decorate, Rotation Forest, J48, NNge, K-Star, Naive Bayes, Dagging, Bayes Net and JRip.
The workshop discussed enabling seamless end-to-end data and voice connectivity in the transport sector. Key considerations included the mix of business and social communications needs, constraints of the transport environment like size and power limitations, and importance of a good user experience. Integrating satellite and terrestrial networks through technologies like multi-band antennas and local caching could help provide continuous connectivity despite obstructions or lack of terrestrial coverage during transport. Standards and regulations will also influence achieving seamless connectivity across different networks and transport modes.
Energy Infrastructure theme_20Feb_VH_NCCARFVeryan Hann
This document discusses the Bruny Island Smart Grid Pilot project in Tasmania. The pilot aims to test the technical and economic feasibility of distributed battery storage. It is a multi-partner project led by TasNetworks, the local utility, to address challenges of an aging grid and help prevent a potential "utility death spiral". The pilot will provide insights into how battery storage could help shift peak demand and support higher levels of renewable energy on the grid in a sustainable business model for utilities undergoing transition.
This report examines research and development (R&D) activities related to two renewable energy technologies: photovoltaics and wind energy. It finds that R&D is critical to fully realizing the potential of renewable energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy security. While some technologies are mature enough for strong industry growth, continued R&D is still needed for improvements. R&D should focus on performance, efficiency, manufacturing techniques, materials reduction, integration, and socio-economic factors to support renewable energy deployment and competitiveness in both the short and long term. International cooperation on R&D will be important to accelerate progress globally.
SYSTEM OF PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION PROJECTSIAEME Publication
Global warming and climate change problems have led to the consolidation of international efforts to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide. The technology of carbon capture and storage is the key link in the strategy aimed at cutting carbon dioxide emissions. The article gives a view of positive and negative aspects of the introduction of the carbon dioxide sequestration technology. The authors have determined the impact of the project’s public perception on the efficiency of its execution. The authors have revealed factors, which influence the way the public perceives carbon dioxide sequestration projects; a model has been developed to form public perception of carbon capture and storage projects and recommendations on how to form the positive attitude of stakeholders to these projects
Forecasting Municipal Solid Waste Generation Using a Multiple Linear Regressi...IRJET Journal
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- The model was developed using data from various municipalities in Italy. Exploratory data analysis was conducted to determine linear relationships between waste generation and predictors.
- The linear regression model achieved a high R-squared value of 91.81%, indicating a close fit to the data. Various error metrics like MAE, MSE and RMSE were calculated to evaluate model performance.
- The regression model provides a simple yet accurate means of predicting municipal solid waste that requires minimal data and can be generalized to other locations.
Green ICT-Calculation of carbon footprint of an academic facilityKriti Doneria
This document summarizes a project calculating the carbon footprint of an academic facility (Galgotias University). It includes an introduction describing the importance of calculating carbon footprints and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ICT. The problem statement defines what a carbon footprint is and why it is important to calculate the footprint of an academic facility. The methodology section describes how the project will survey users of a web application to continuously update and refine the average carbon footprint calculated for the university based on its data set. The related works section briefly discusses similar carbon footprint calculation projects conducted at other universities.
The document provides information about the Global Cooperation Division of the Green Technology Center-Korea (GTC-K). It outlines GTC-K's main research activities, global cooperation activities including joint workshops and training programs with developing countries, and an international forum on technology-finance-policy strategies. It also lists examples of GTC-K publications that analyze green technology trends.
Text mining analysis of wind turbine accidents: An ontology-based frameworkGurdal Ertek
As the global energy demand is increasing, the share of renewable energy and specifically wind energy in the supply is growing. While vast literature exists on the design and operation of wind turbines, there exists a gap in the literature with regards to the investigation and analysis of wind turbine accidents. This paper describes the application of text mining and machine learning techniques for discovering actionable insights and knowledge from news articles on wind turbine accidents. The applied analysis methods are text processing, clustering, and multidimensional scaling (MDS). These methods have been combined under a single analysis framework, and new insights have been discovered for the domain. The results of our research can be used by wind turbine manufacturers, engineering companies, insurance companies, and government institutions to address problem areas and enhance systems and processes throughout the wind energy value chain.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8258305/
http://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/
Insights into the Efficiencies of On-Shore Wind Turbines: A Data-Centric Anal...ertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/insights-into-the-efficiencies-of-on-shore-wind-turbines-a-data-centric-analysis/
Literature on renewable energy alternative of wind turbines does not include a multidimensional benchmarking studythat can help investment decisions as well as design processes. This paper presents a data-centric analysis of commercial on-shore wind turbines and provides actionable insights through analytical benchmarking through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), visual data analysis, and statistical hypothesis testing. The paper also introduces a novel visualization approach for the understanding and the interpretation of reference sets, the set of efficient wind turbines that should be taken as benchmark by inefficient ones.
1) The document analyzes the efficiency of freight electric locomotives in different operating modes. It found that efficiency is much lower when locomotives operate at partial load, such as pulling empty trains.
2) It developed a Discrete-Adaptive Control system to increase efficiency by regulating the number of traction motors used based on tractive power needs. Computer simulations showed this approach could reduce energy consumption by 13%.
3) The control system aims to maximize locomotive efficiency by distributing tractive effort to an optimal quantity of traction motors and switching off redundant motors. When additional power is needed, more motors are used.
Good daylighting and shading design in urban outdoors not only provides a comfortable luminous environment, but also delivers energy savings and
comfortable environments for surroundings, particularly in the hot arid climate. Yet, it can lead to a reduction in the daylight availability leading to visual
discomfort. According to the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA, 2000, 2011), it is essential that daylight effects be considered in
any space where daylight is admitted, even if it is not exploited as a light source, in order to reduce the need for artificial lighting. Therefore, an analysis
of solar access and shading is necessary for to assure visual comfort underneath the shading tents. This paper attempts to investigate seven different
shading scenarios addressing the solar radiation access underneath, in compliance with ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007 recommendations,
by employing DIVA, which is an integration of Radiance and DAYSIM with thermal load simulation using Energy Plus within [1].
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http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8258305/
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Similar to Evacuation Modelling in New Zealand the Result of An Online Survey_Crimson Publishers (20)
1) The document analyzes the efficiency of freight electric locomotives in different operating modes. It found that efficiency is much lower when locomotives operate at partial load, such as pulling empty trains.
2) It developed a Discrete-Adaptive Control system to increase efficiency by regulating the number of traction motors used based on tractive power needs. Computer simulations showed this approach could reduce energy consumption by 13%.
3) The control system aims to maximize locomotive efficiency by distributing tractive effort to an optimal quantity of traction motors and switching off redundant motors. When additional power is needed, more motors are used.
Good daylighting and shading design in urban outdoors not only provides a comfortable luminous environment, but also delivers energy savings and
comfortable environments for surroundings, particularly in the hot arid climate. Yet, it can lead to a reduction in the daylight availability leading to visual
discomfort. According to the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA, 2000, 2011), it is essential that daylight effects be considered in
any space where daylight is admitted, even if it is not exploited as a light source, in order to reduce the need for artificial lighting. Therefore, an analysis
of solar access and shading is necessary for to assure visual comfort underneath the shading tents. This paper attempts to investigate seven different
shading scenarios addressing the solar radiation access underneath, in compliance with ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007 recommendations,
by employing DIVA, which is an integration of Radiance and DAYSIM with thermal load simulation using Energy Plus within [1].
Magnesium carbonate trihydrate, nesquehonite, is proposed as a precursor for the production of a construction material similar to plasterboard,
in a unique carbon capture and utilisation process [1]. The hardening process is thought to follow a similar mechanism to gypsum in the manufacture
of plasterboard, where the hardening is produced in the recrystallization of gypsum crystals. However, nesquehonite [2], during hardening,
converts into hydromagnesite, releasing CO2
and H2
O during the transformation. In this work, samples of nesquehonite were hardened by forcing
their conversion into hydromagnesite in enclosed cubes [3]. The influence of the curing temperature (50 ℃-80 ℃) and time (0-72 hours) on the
compressive strength has been studied and correlated to the conversion of nesquehonite into hydromagnesite [4]. Compressive strength values up
to 6MPa are easily achievable in the studied conditions and it was observed that at higher temperatures time has a detrimental effect on the strength.
The probable overpressure within the cubes, generated by released CO2
and water at the higher temperatures, is thought to be the main cause for
the loss of strength [5].
Road rage is a deeply rooted social problem and has become a
common phenomenon among road users. Over 85% of New South
Wales (NSW) drivers interviewed reported of being a victim of various forms of road rage while this figure is even higher in Brisbane
with 95% [1]. Nine out of ten US drivers believe aggressive drivers
pose a threat to their personal safety while 78% of the drivers report of engaging in aggressive driving at least once in 2014 AAAFTS
[2]. The fact that road rage and aggressive driving is rated above
drink driving as the biggest safety concern reveals the seriousness
of the issue. Road rage can be defined as any hostile act conducted
by a road user towards another road user on the roadway, including
parking lots. These acts involve extreme forms of aggression like
physically assaulting road users (both driver/passenger), vehicles
or both. Road rage has become an easy medium to express anger,
frustration, and the annoyance of everyday conflicts and disagreements on situations arising both on and off the roadway due to
power, ease of escape, anonymity, and protection associated with
vehicles.
Urban transport exchange hubs play a key role as an integral part of the transport networks by facilitating relations between public transport modes but also have a function in the city urban planning and in-service facilities [1]. Time savings, urban integration, better use of waiting times and improved operating models are some of the expected benefits of developing efficient city-hubs [2,3]. However, although interchanges are crucial for improving accessibility, there are still problems remaining such as seams or bottlenecks, which are mainly reported in the coordination between the different transport modes and the use of the information systems and management model. In order to examine a part of these problems, the three years (September 2012-February 2015) City-HUB consortium of nine European research institutes from nine countries belonging to the European conference of transport research institutes (ECTRI) project studied 27 multimodal interchanges [4].
Precipitation, evaporation and runoff patterns are changing, resulting in uncertainty about the security of water supply, the quality of drinking
water, flood management in urban environments and the long-term health of natural ecosystems. The particular aspects for China are described
where, with increasing urbanization, flooding has become a regular occurrence in response, China is developing “sponge cities” to attain resilience to
stormwater. This paper describes a novel technology with significant potential; the principle of the ‘double pipe technology’ which involves placement
of a perforated pipe below a stormwater pipe, encourages passage from the stormwater pipe down to a second pipe, a perforated pipe. This allows
temporary storage in the lower pipe and enhances exfiltration from the lower pipe to the underlying aquifer. A conceptual model of the double pipe
technology is provided, and the results show that the surcharge potential in the stormwater pipe is dramatically decreased. The lower pipe is able to
capture, store, and eventually infiltrate into the groundwater, storm water runoff where the exfiltrate water from the lower pipe 56% to 62% of the
total annual rainfall to be released to groundwater. This would truly enhance groundwater levels and decrease subsidence in areas where this is a major
concern (particularly related to coastal zone cities in China).
Feasibility Study on Small Scale Food Production Using Off-Grid Photovoltaic Water Pumping System in Coastal Dune by Kotaro Tagawa in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
The Axes of Resilience: The Case of the Earthquakes of September 7 and 19, 2017 in Mexico by Joel F Audefroy* in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
Sustainable New Towns and Transportation Planning; Reflection of A Case Study by Abdol Aziz Shahraki* in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
Recovery Period of Fluvial Sediment Transport after a Major Earthquake by Guan-Wei Lin* and Hsien-Li Kuo in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
Experimental Calculation of the Damping Ratio In Buildings Hosting Permanent GPS Stations During the Recent Italian Earthquakes by Marco Gatti* in Open Journal of Civil Engineering
The Influence of Concrete Roads on Safety and Energy Saving in Tunnels by Stefan Krispel, Gerald Maier* and Martin Peyerl in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
The Effects of Engineering Education and Government Policy in Driving Innovation among Engineering Graduates in Nigeria by Olawale Oshokoya* in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
Inter Terminal Transport in Port Areas around
the Globe by Qu Hu, Francesco, Corman and Bart Wiegmans* in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
A Pitched Roof with Forced Ventilation to Limit
Solar Gains by Enrico Caffagni, Antonio Libbra, Alberto Muscio* and Luca Tarozzi in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
Stabilising Earth Brick with Palm Kernel Oil Residue for Construction of Low Cost Housing by Yalley PP* and Badu E in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
This document compares the LEED and Estidama/Pearl rating systems for sustainable building in the United Arab Emirates. It finds that while LEED is more flexible, the Pearl rating system more closely involves assessors and ensures projects meet sustainability goals through design, construction, and post-occupancy certification. The Pearl system also has higher standards, requiring things like water budgeting and energy analysis not mandated in LEED. It concludes the Pearl rating system better serves sustainability in UAE's construction industry and environment.
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The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
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Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
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Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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