1) Sustainable development requires an integrated systems approach to planning that considers interdependencies between sectors like water, energy, infrastructure, and the environment. 2) Tools like the CLEW model and iSDG model can help analyze cross-sectoral linkages and support sustainable development planning. 3) A systems of systems approach is needed to understand risks from critical infrastructure failures and interdependencies between sectors like energy, water, and transportation. 4) An integrated governance system with high-level inter-ministerial coordination and an integrated information system using national accounts data can support an effective integrated systems approach.

1. Sustainable Development Planning and Strategy
Formulation: An Integrated Systems Approach
Jeffrey Crawford
Sustainable Development Officer
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA)
Division for Sustainable Development, Policy and Analysis Branch
E-mail: Crawford3@un.org
Sustainable Development Planning and Implementation Workshop
28 May 2015, New York, U.S.A.
Image Source: http://juliewight.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/water-wallpaper-1.jpg

2. Interdependencies and Interconnectedness of SDGs
Notes: The numbers on the links indicate the percentage of targets linking the two goals (number of links between two goals divided by
the sum of targets under the two goals). SDG17 on “means of implementation” (which links to all other goals) was excluded from the
analysis. The Kamada-Kawai projection minimizes the “energy” of the network (imagine a network of physical springs) and hence places
the most central nodes in the middle. Source: Chapter 2 of the United Nations Global Sustainable Development Report 2015
(forthcoming), adapted from Review of Targets for the Sustainable Development Goals – The Science Perspective, 2015 ICSU/ISSC .

3. Global Systems and RisksSource:WorldEconomicForum,GlobalRisks2015,10thEdition

4. Water Rail
AirRoad
Transport System
Sub-systems
Defining an Integrated Systems Approach
Waste
Water
Distribution
Network
DesalinationFiltration
Water & Sanitation System
Sub-systems
Freshwater Marine
GrasslandForest
Natural System
(biomes)
Hydro Gas
NuclearSolar
Energy System
Sub-systems
System of Systems

5. Energy
Efficiency
Water
Demand
Water SupplyEnergy
Demand
Renewable
Energy
Production
(low-water)
Coal
Energy
Production
Climate
Change
Population
Growth
GHG
Emissions
Coal Mining
Linkages, Dependencies and Feedback Loops
Mining System and Ministry
Water System and Ministry
Energy System and Ministry
Education
Education System and Ministry
Water
Efficiency

6. Selected Tools for Planning
• Climate, Land-use, Energy, Water
• Uses national accounts dataCLEW
• Inter-sectoral
• System dynamics
• Tailored for SDGs (iSDG)
iSDG &
T21
• All sector infrastructure prioritization
• Risk-based approachSoS MHRA

7. CLEW Model (Climate, Land-use, Energy and Water)
Source: M. Howells, et al., Integrated analysis of climate change, land-use, energy and water strategies, Nature Climate Change 3, 621-626 (2013)
(http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v3/n7/fig_tab/nclimate1789_F1.html)

8. iSDG & T21 Models
Intervention Impact Logic Indicator Dashboard Select Area of Intervention
 System-dynamics based comprehensive development planning model
 Models cross-sectoral linkages and dependencies
 Utilized by government departments of planning (Kenya, Jamaica, Senegal, Mongolia)
Source: Millennium Institute, www.millennium-institute.org

9. Systems of Systems (SoS) Approach:
Critical Infrastructure Failure Prevention
Hazard
Population
Energy
Transportation
Water & Sanitation
Communications
Emergency response services
Principal power locations:
generation stations, hazardous
material storage
Switching networks, Servers,
Control Management Systems,
Water lines, Waste Water
Treatment, Drainage Systems
Road systems, Rail systems,
Tunnels, Runways
First Responders: Fire, Police,
Paramedics + schools, hospitals
Population Density
Rapid and slow onset / man
made & natural
Source: Jeffrey Crawford, UNOPS Risk-Sensitive Planning for Resilient Infrastructure Development, Presentation at UNISDR 5th Africa Regional Platform for
Disaster Risk Reduction held in Abuja, Nigeria, 14 May 2014

10. SoS - Interdependencies and Interconnections of
Critical Infrastructure Sectors
Source: Jeffrey Crawford, UNOPS, Climate-resilient Infrastructure, Presentation at Asia-Pacific Climate
Change Adaptation Forum (19 March 2013, Incheon, Republic of Korea).

11. Interdependencies between infrastructures, and cascading effect of disruption upon other infrastructures
Infrastructure
Disrupted
Infrastructure
Impacted
Electric
Power
Natural
Gas
Petroleum Comm-
unications
Water
Distribution
Transportation Public Health
& Sanitation
Electric Power N/A
Natural Gas N/A
Petroleum N/A
Communication N/A
Water
Distribution
N/A
Transportation N/A
Public Health &
Sanitation
N/A
Interdependencies between infrastructures & resulting
disruption on other infrastructures
Weak
Medium
Strong
Source:Source:JeffreyCrawford,UNOPS,Climate-resilientInfrastructure,Presentationat
Asia-PacificClimateChangeAdaptationForum(19March2013,Incheon,RepublicofKorea).
AdaptedfromClimateChange,andInfrastructure,UrbanSystemsandVulnerabilities:
TechnicalReporttotheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy.(2012)

12. Integrated Governance Systems
Ministerial
Cluster
Ministry of
Water
Ministry of
Energy
Ministry of
Agriculture
Ministry of
Environment
National Infrastructure
Coordinating Center
National & Local Sustainable Development
Councils
Ministerial Clustering
High-level Inter-Ministerial Institutions
Science-Policy Interface Institutions
Parliament |
Executive
Ministry of
Devolution
and Planning
Modeling
Team (12-
person team)
Ministry of
Environment,
Water & NR
Modeling
Officer
Ministry of
Transport and
Infrastructure
Modeling
Officer
Source: http://www.dhs.gov/national-
infrastructure-coordinating-center

13. Towards Integrated Information Systems
Quality &
Integrity
Disaggregation
Transparency
& Openness
Usability &
Curation
Protection &
Privacy
Timeliness
Governance
Rights
Resources &
Capacity
Independence
Key Principles for the Data RevolutionSystem of Environmental-Economic Accounting
 National Accounts for water, energy,
land, ecosystems, agriculture,
fisheries and forests
 Measures stocks and flows
 Valuation of natural capital (e.g. eco-
system services)
 Many countries have SEEA
programmes, such as Australia,
Canada, China, Colombia,
Netherlands, Norway, Philippines,
South Africa, Sweden, and Uganda
Key principles for data revolution derived from Independent Expert Advisory Group Secretariat 2014, A World That Counts: Mobilising The Data
Revolution For Sustainable Development.

14. From Silo-based to Integrated Systems Approach
Ministry of
Water
• Policy
• Info
• Data
Ministry of
Energy
• Policy
• Info
• Data
Ministry of
Health
• Policy
• Info
• Data
Silo-based Approach
NSDGs
Integrated
Governance
Integrated
Systems Planning
Integrated & Aggregate
Indicators (e.g. NSDG
indicators)
National Accounts
SNA & SEEA
Data (Economic, Social, Environment)
Integrated Systems Approach
NDGs
Governance
Sector-based
Planning
Indicators
Other Info