May_2024 Top 10 Read Articles in Computer Networks & Communications.pdf

May 2024: Top10
Read Articles in
Computer Networks
& Communications
International Journal of Computer
Networks& Communications (IJCNC)
http://airccse.org/journal/ijcnc.html
(Scopus, ERA Listed, WJCI Indexed)
Scopus Cite Score 2022—1.8
ISSN 0974 - 9322 (Online); 0975 - 2293 (Print)
Citations, h-index, i10-index

GPS SYSTEMS LITERATURE: INACCURACY FACTORS AND
EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS
Li Nyen Thin, Lau Ying Ting, Nor Adila Husna and Mohd Heikal Husin
School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Today, Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used in almost every aspect of our daily life.
Commonly, users utilize the technology to track the position of a vehicle or an object of interest.
They also use it to safely navigate to the destination of their choice. As a result, there are countless
number of GPS based tracking application that has been developed. But, a main recurring issue that
exists among these applications are the inaccuracy of the tracking faced by users and this issue has
become a rising concern. Most existing research have examined the effects that the inaccuracy of
GPS have on users while others identified suitable methods to improve the accuracy of GPS based
on one or two factors. The objective of this survey paper is to identify the common factors that affects
the accuracy of GPS and identify an effective method which could mitigate or overcome most of
those factors. As part of our research, we conducted a thorough examination of the existing factors
for GPS inaccuracies. According to an initial survey that we have collected, most of the respondents
has faced some form of GPS inaccuracy. Among the common issues faced are inaccurate object
tracking and disconnection of GPS signal while using an application. As such, most of the
respondents agree that it is necessary to improve the accuracy of GPS. This leads to another objective
of this paper, which is to examine and evaluate existing methods as well as to identify the most
effective method that could improve the accuracy of GPS.
KEYWORDS
GPS, accuracy factors, improve accuracy, global positioning system
For More Details: https://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V8N2/8216cnc11.pdf
Volume Link: https://airccse.org/journal/ijc2016.html

REFERENCES
[1] Lin, J.Y, Yang, B.K., Tuan A.D., and Chen, H.C. (2013). “The Accuracy Enhancement of GPS
Track in Google Map”, 2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless
Computing, Communication and Applications, Compiegne, France. pp. 524-527.
[2] Iqbal, A., Mahmood. H., Farooq, U., Kabir, M.A. and Asad, M.U.. (2009). “An Overview of the
Factors Responsible for GPS Signal Error: Origin and Solution”, 2009 International Conference on
Wireless Networks and Information Systems, Shanghai, China. pp. 294-299.
[3] Bajaj, R., Ranaweera, S.L., Agrawal, D.P.. (2002). “GPS: Location-tracking Technology”,
Computer, vol.35, no..4, pp. 92-94.
[4] Huang, J.Y., and Tsai, C.H.. (2008). “Improve GPS Positioning Accuracy with Context
Awareness”, 2008 First IEEE International Conference on Ubi-Media Computing, Lanzhou, China,
pp. 94-99.
[5] Wubbena, G., Andreas, B., Seeber, G., Boder, V. and Hankemeier, P., (1996). “Reducing
Distance Dependant Errors for Real-Time Precise DGPS Applications by Establishing Reference
Station Networks”. In Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite
Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GPS-96)
[6] Enge, P., Walter, T., Pullen, S., Kee, C., Chao, Y. and Tsai, Y. (1996). “Wide area augmentation
of the global positioning system”. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 84 Aug. 1996, pp. 1063–1088.
[7] Qi, H. and Moore, J. B. (2002). “Direct Kalman Filtering Approach for GPS/INS Integration”,
IEEE Trans. Aerosp, Electron. System. vol. 38, no. 2, 2002, pp. 687-693.
[8] Malleswari, B.L., MuraliKrishna, I.V., Lalkishore, K., Seetha, M., Nagaratna, P. H. “The Role of
Kalman Filter in the Modelling of GPS Errors”, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information
Technology, pp. 95-101.
[9] White, C.E., Bernstein, D. and Kornhauser, Alain L.. (2000). “Some map matching algorithms
for personal navigation assistants”. Transportation Research Part C, No. 8, 2000, pp. 91-108.

A SECURE DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING CRYPTOGRAPHY
AND STEGANOGRAPHY
Saleh Saraireh
Department of Communications and Electronic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman,
Jordan
ABSTRACT
The information security has become one of the most significant problems in data communication.
So it becomes an inseparable part of data communication. In order to address this problem,
cryptography and steganography can be combined. This paper proposes a secure communication
system. It employs cryptographic algorithm together with steganography. The jointing of these
techniques provides a robust and strong communication system that able to withstand against
attackers. In this paper, the filter bank cipher is used to encrypt the secret text message, it provide
high level of security, scalability and speed. After that, a discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) based
steganography is employed to hide the encrypted message in the cover image by modifying the
wavelet coefficients. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using peak signal to noise
ratio (PSNR) and histogram analysis. The simulation results show that, the proposed system provides
high level of security.
KEYWORDS
Steganography, Cryptography, DWT, Filter bank, PSNR
For More Details: https://airccse.org/journal/cnc/5313cnc10.pdf

REFERENCES
[1] Obaida Mohammad Awad Al-Hazaimeh, (2013) "A New Approach for Complex Encrypting and
Decrypting Data" International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.5,
No.2.
[2] Katzenbeisser, S. and Petitcolas, F.A.P. 2000, Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography
and Digital Watermarking. Artech House, Inc., Boston, London.
[3] Xinpeng Zhang and Shuozhong Wang, (2005), "Steganography Using MultipleBase Notational
System and Human Vision Sensitivity", IEEE signal processing letters, Vol. 12, No. 1.
[4] Jarno Mielikainen, (2006), "LSB Matching Revisited", IEEE signal processing letters, Vol. 13,
No. 5.
[5] Piyush Marwaha, Paresh Marwaha, (2010), "Visual Cryptographic Steganography in images",
IEEE, 2nd International conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies.
[6] G.Karthigai Seivi, Leon Mariadhasan and K. L. Shunmuganathan, (2012), " Steganography Using
Edge Adaptive Image " IEEE, International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical
Technologies.
[7] Hemalatha S, U Dinesh Acharya, Renuka A and Priya R. Kamath, (2012), " A Secure and High
Capacity Image Steganography Technique", Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal
(SIPIJ) Vol.4, No.1.
[8] Tong L.and Zheng-ding, Q, (2002), "DWT-based color Images Steganography Scheme", IEEE
International Conference on Signal Processing, 2:1568-1571.
[9] Mandal J.K. and Sengupta M., (2010), “Authentication/Secret Message Transformation Through
Wavelet Transform based Subband Image Coding (WTSIC).”, Proceedings of International
Symposium on Electronic System Design, IEEE Conference Publications, pp 225 – 229.
[10] Septimiu F. M., Mircea Vladutiu and Lucian P., (2011),"Secret data communication system
using Steganography, AES and RSA", IEEE 17th International Symposium for Design and
Technology in Electronic Packaging.
[11] H. Tian, K. Zhou, Y. Huang, D. Feng, J. Liu, (2008), "A Covert Communication Model Based
on Least Significant Bits Steganography in Voice over IP", IEEE The 9th International Conference
for Young Computer Scientists, pp. 647-652.
[12] Y. Huang, B. Xiao, H. Xiao, (2008), "Implementation of Covert Communication Based on
Steganography", IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia
Signal Processing, pp. 1512-1515.
[13] Cheddad, A, Condell, Joan, Curran, K and McKevitt, Paul,(2008), "Securing Information
Content using New Encryption Method and Steganography", IEEE Third International Conference
on Digital Information Management.
[14] Rasul E., Saed F. and Hossein S, (2009), " Using the Chaotic Map in Image Steganography",
IEEE, International Conference on Signal Processing Systems.

[15] Majunatha R. H. S. and Raja K B, (2010), "High Capacity and Security Steganography using
Discrete Wavelet Transform", International Journal of Computer Science and Security (IJCSS), Vol.
3: Issue (6) pp 462-472.
[16] Saraireh S. and Benaissa M., (2009), “A Scalable Block Cipher Design using Filter Banks and
Lifting over Finite Fields” In IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Dresden,
Germany.
[17] El Safy, R.O, Zayed. H. H, El Dessouki. A, (2009), “An adaptive steganography technique based
on integer wavelet transform,” ICNM International Conference on Networking and Media
Convergence, pp 111-117.

An IDE for Android Mobile Phones with Extended Functionalities Using Best
Developing Methodologies
Sakila Banu1 and Kanakasabapathi Vijayakumar2
1
College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Mathematics,Anna University,Chennai,India.
ABSTRACT
Google's Android platform is a widely anticipated open source operating system for mobile phones. The
mobile phone landscape changed with the introduction of smart phones running Android, a platform marketed
by Google. Android phones are the first credible threat to the iPhone market. Google not only target the
consumers of iPhone, it also aimed to win the hearts and minds of mobile application developers. As a Result,
application developers are developing new software’s everyday for Android Smart Phones and are competing
with the previous in Market. But so far there is no Specific IDE developed to create mobile application easily
by just Drag and Drop method to make even the non-programmers to develop application for the smart phones.
This paper presents an IDE with Extended Functionalities for Developing Mobile Applications for Android
Mobile Phones using the Best developing Methodologies. The New IDE comes with the Extended
Functionalities like Executing the created Application, Previewing the Application Created, Roll Back and
Cancel Functions with the newly added Icons like Execute, Preview, Roll Back and Cancel Respectively.
Another important feature of this paper is that the IDE is developed using the Best Developing Methodologies
by presenting the possible methods for developing the IDE using JAVA SWING GUI Builder in Android
ADT plug-in. The developed IDE is tested using the Android Runtime Emulator in Eclipse Framework.
KEYWORDS
IDE-Integrated Development Environment, GUI-Graphical User Interface, ADT-Android
Development Tool.

REFERENCES
[1] Understanding Android Security by Enck, W.; Ongtang, M.; McDaniel, P.; Pennsylvania State Univ.,
University Park, PA
[2] Android: Changing the Mobile Landscap by Margaret Butler from
http://developerlife.com/tutorials/?p=289
[3] Android – How to build a service-enabled Android app – Part 1/3 UI Posted June 4th, 2008 by
Nazmul
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[5] Bloom S.Book, M.Gruhn, V.Hrushchak, R.Kohler, A.(2008). Write Once Run Anywhere. A survey of
Mobile Runtime Environments. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference On Grid and Pervasive
Computing(GPC2008):132-137
[6] Holzer, A.Ondrus,J.(2009). Trends in Mobile Application Development. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference Mobile Wireless Middleware, Operating Systems and Applications(Mobile ware
2009):55-64
[7] http://www.vogella.com/articles/AndroidDragAndDrop/article.html
[8] http://javapapers.com/android/android-drag-and-drop/
[9] http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/drag-drop.html
[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/App_Inventor_for_Android
[11] JForm Designer from http://www.formdev.com/jformdesigner/
[12] http://beta.appinventor.mit.edu/about/moreinfo/
[13] Jigloo GUI Builder ,http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/tutorials/

DYNAMIC ROUTING OF IP TRAFFIC BASED ON QOS PARAMETERS
Martin Kriška1 , Jozef Janitor2 and Peter Fecilak3
1Computer Networks Laboratory, Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia 2 Institute of
Computer Technology, Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia 3Department of Computers and
Informatics, Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia
ABSTRACT
The article looks into the current state of the art of dynamic routing protocols with respect to
their possibilities to react to changes in the Quality of Service when selecting the best route towards
a destination network. New options that could leverage information about the ever changing QoS
parameters for data communication are analysed and a Cisco Performance Routing solution is
described more in detail. The practical part of this work focuses on a design and implementation
of a test bed that provides a scalable laboratory architecture to manipulate QoS parameters of
different data communications flowing through it. The test bed is used in various use cases that
were used to evaluate Cisco Performance Routing optimization capabilitiesin different scenarios.
KEYWORDS
Performance Routing, PfR, Quality of Service, QoS, Optimized Edge Routing

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Innovative Low-Cost Perimeter Security Gadget With In-built Mechanism to
Ensure Confidentiality, Authenticity and Non-Repudiation
Ritesh Mukherjee1, Anirban Goswami2, Soumit Chowdhury3 and Nabin Ghoshal4, 1Centre for
Development of Advanced Computing, India, 2Techno Main Salt Lake, India, 3Government
College of Engineering & Ceramic Technology, India, 4University of Kalyani, India
ABSTRACT
The concept is to capture and preserve the intruder’s details in unattended mode. A camera is
integrated with a processing unit and counter arrangement to ensure authenticity and non-repudiation
of the captured images of the intruder before court of law. Ownership claim is justified concocting
confidential data sharing of visual cryptography. Signal quality is retained and unauthorized
tampering of secret data resisted. Entire procedure indulges: Message Digest M is generated using
SHA-2 from the date and time stamp of the acquired image, two shares are generated from MAC
address (K) of the network card and encryption is done using AES involving encoding using
Hamming 1 – bit technique. The cover image is prepared in DCT domain to restrict JPEG
compression. Sensitive data is embedded in restricted areas of DCT transformed image. Extraction
of secret data verifies an intruder. The experimental results prove its efficacy over existing
conventional system.
KEYWORDS
Visual cryptography, share generation, AES, key exchange, image compression.

REFERENCES
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VISUALIZE NETWORK ANOMALY DETECTION BY USING K-MEANS
CLUSTERING ALGORITHM
A. M. Riad1
, Ibrahim Elhenawy2
, Ahmed Hassan3
and Nancy Awadallah1
1
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Mansoura University, Egypt
2
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems ,Zagazig University, Egypt
3
Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University , Egypt
ABSTRACT
With the ever increasing amount of new attacks in today’s world the amount of data will keep
increasing, and because of the base-rate fallacy the amount of false alarms will also increase. Another
problem with detection of attacks is that they usually isn’t detected until after the attack has taken
place, this makes defending against attacks hard and can easily lead to disclosure of sensitive
information. In this paper we choose K-means algorithm with the Kdd Cup 1999 network data set to
evaluate the performance of an unsupervised learning method for anomaly detection. The results of
the evaluation showed that a high detection rate can be achieve while maintaining a low false alarm
rate .This paper presents the result of using k-means clustering by applying Cluster 3.0 tool and
visualized this result by using TreeView visualization tool .
KEYWORDS
Intrusion detection, Clustering, K-means, Kdd Cup 99, Cluster 3.0, Visualization, TreeView

REFERENCES
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Visualization of Intrusive Attacks on Computer Systems". Fourth Conference on Security and
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On the Migration of a Large Scale Network from IPv4 to IPv6 Environment
Muhammad Yeasir Arafat1
, Feroz Ahmed2
and M Abdus Sobhan3
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer
Science, Independent University, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
This work mainly addresses the design a large scale network using dual stack mechanisms. We
focused on the most important theoretical concepts of the IPv6 protocol, such as addressing, address
allocation, routing with the OSPF and BGP protocols and routing protocols performance in dual
stack network using GNS3 and Wireshark simulators. we have a tendency to measure a perfect model
and a true large-scale network atmosphere victimization out there end-to-end activity techniques that
focuses on a large-scale IPv4 and IPv6 backbone and created performance the IPv4 and IPv6
network. In this paper, we compiled IPv6 address planning in large scale network, performance
statistics of each network in terms of TCP throughput, delay jitters, packet loss rate, and round trip
time. It is found that, a minor degradation within the throughput of the TCP, delay jitter, a lower
packet loss rate, and a rather longer round trip time are occurred in a real large scale dual stack
network.
KEYWORDS
IPv6, IPv4, double stack, BGPv4, OSPFv3, ISP, throughput, TCP and RTT

REFERENCES
[1] Tahir Abdullah, Shahbaz Nazeer, Afzaal Hussain, “NETWORK MIGRATION AND
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF IPv4 AND IPv6”, European Scientific Journal, vol. 8, No.5, 2013
[2] Lefty Valle-Rosado, Lizzie Narváez-Díaz, Cinhtia González-Segura and Victor Chi-Pech,
“Design and Simulation of an IPv6 Network Using Two Transition Mechanisms”, IJCSI
International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol.9, No.6, pp: 60-65, Nov. 2012.
[3] Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 6052, 3513, 4291, 6104, http://tools.ietf.org/html/
[4] Febby Nur Fatah, Adang Suhendra , M Akbar Marwan , Henki Firdaus Henki Firdaus ,
“Performance Measurements Analysis of Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6”, Proc. of the Second Intl.
Conference on Advances in Information Technology — AIT, 2013..
[5] Y. Wang, S. Ye, and X. Li, “Understanding Current IPv6 Performance: A Measurement Study”,
10th IEEE Symposium on Computer Communications, June 2005.
[6] Cebrail CIFLIKLI, Ali GEZER and Abdullah Tuncay OZSAHIN, “Packet traffic features of IPv6
and IPv4 protocol traffic, Turk”, J Elec Eng & Comp Science, Vol.20, No5, pp: 727-749, 2012
[7] Alex Hinds, Anthony Atojoko, and Shao Ying Zhu, “Evaluation of OSPF and EIGRP Routing
Protocols for IPv6”, International Journal of Future Computer and Communication (IJFCC), Vol.2,
No.4, pp: 287-291, Aug. 2013.
[8] T. Bates, R. Chandra, D. Katz, and Y. Rekhter, “Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4,” Internet
Request for Comments, vol. RFC 4760, Jan. 2007.
[9] Ing. Luis Marrone, Lic. Andr´es Barbieri and Mg. Mat ‘as Robles, “TCP Performance - CUBIC,
Vegas & Reno”, JCS&T, Vol.13, No.1, pp:1-8, April 2013
[10] Kevin R. Fall and W. Richard Stevens, “TCP/IP Illustrated”, volume 1, published by
Addisonwisely professional computer series, Pearson Education, 2012

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT RASPBERRY PI
MODELS AS MQTT SERVERS AND CLIENTS
Faiza Al-Salti1
, N. Alzeidi2
, Khaled Day2
, Abderezak Touzene2
, 1
Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive
Cancer Care and Research Centre, Oman, 2
Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
5G Networks & Beyond, Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Espoo, Finland
ABSTRACT
This paper studies the impact of different localization schemes on the performance of location-based
routing for UWSNs. Particularly, LSWTS and 3DUL localization schemes available in the literature
are used to study their effects on the performance of the ERGR-EMHC routing protocol. First, we
assess the performance of two localization schemes by measuring their localization coverage,
accuracy, control packets overhead, and required localization time. We then study the performance
of the ERGR-EMHC protocol using location information provided by the selected localization
schemes. The results are compared with the performance of the routing protocol when using exact
nodes’ locations. The obtained results show that LSWTS outperforms 3DUL in terms of localization
accuracy by 83% and localization overhead by 70%. In addition, the results indicate that the
localization error has a significant impact on the performance of the routing protocol. For instance,
ERGR-EMHC with LSWTS is better in delivering data packets by an average of 175% compared to
3DUL.
KEYWORDS
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), localization, ranging localization methods,
localization error, location-based routing

REFERENCES
[1] Y. Wang, “Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks: Geometric Approaches for Topology
and Routing Design,” in The Art of Wireless Sensor Networks, H. M. Ammari, Ed. Berlin,
Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 367–409.
[2] H. P. Tan, R. Diamant, W. K. G. Seah, and M. Waldmeyer, “A survey of techniques and
challenges in underwater localization,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 38, no. 14–15, pp. 1663–1676,
October 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.OCEANENG.2011.07.017.
[3] F. Al-Salti, N. Alzeidi, and K. Day, “LOCALIZATION SCHEMES FOR UNDERWATER
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: SURVEY,” International journal of Computer Networks &
Communications, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 113–130, May 2019.
[4] M. Erol, L. F. M. Vieira, and M. Gerla, “AUV-Aided Localization for Underwater Sensor
Networks,” in International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems and Applications (WASA
2007), 1-3 August 2007, pp. 44–54, Chicago, IL, USA.
[5] M. Beniwal, R. P. Singh, and A. Sangwan, “A Localization Scheme for Underwater Sensor
Networks Without Time Synchronization,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 88, no. 3, pp.
537–552, June 2016.
[6] M. Isik and O. Akan, “A three dimensional localization algorithm for underwater acoustic sensor
networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 4457–4463,
September 2009.
[7] Z. Zhou, Z. Peng, J.-H. Cui, Z. Shi, and A. Bagtzoglou, “Scalable Localization with Mobility
Prediction for Underwater Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 10, no.
3, pp. 335–348, March 2011.
[8] Y. Zhou, B. Gu, K. Chen, J. Chen, and H. Guan, “An range-free localization scheme for large
scale underwater wireless sensor networks,” Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science), vol.
14, no. 5, pp. 562–568, October 2009.
[9] J. Luo and L. Fan, “A Two-Phase Time Synchronization-Free Localization Algorithm for
Underwater Sensor Networks,” Sensors, vol. 17, no. 12, p. 726, March 2017.
[10] K. Day, F. Al-Salti, A. Touzene, and N. Alzeidi, “AN EFFICIENT DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOL
FOR UNDERWATER WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS,” International Journal of Computer Networks
& Communications (IJCNC), vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1–15, September 2020, doi: 10.5121/ijcnc.2020.12501.
[11] P. Xie, J.-H. Cui, and L. Lao, VBF: Vector-Based Forwarding Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks,
in Proceedings of IFIP Networking'06, Coimbra, Portugal, 2006, pp. 1216–1221.
[12] F. Al Salti, N. Alzeidi, and B. Arafeh, EMGGR: An Energy-Efficient Multipath Grid-Based
Geographic Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Networks,
volume 23, no. 4, pp. 1301–1314, May 2017. International Journal of Computer Networks &
Communications (IJCNC) Vol.15, No.2, March 2023 18
[13] N. Javaid, M. Shah, A. Ahmad, M. Imran, M. Khan, and A. Vasilakos, “An Enhanced Energy
Balanced Data Transmission Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks,” Sensors, vol. 16,

no. 4, p. 487, April 2016, doi: 10.3390/s16040487.
[14] F. Al-Salti, N. Alzeidi, K. Day, and A. Touzene, “An efficient and reliable grid-based routing
protocol for UWSNs by exploiting minimum hop count,” Computer Networks, vol. 162, p. 106869,
October 2019.
[15] B. Peng and A. H. Kemp, “Energy-efficient geographic routing in the presence of localization
errors,” Computer Networks, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 856–872, February 2011.
[16] M. Kadi and I. Alkhayat, “The effect of location errors on location based routing protocols in
wireless sensor networks,” Egyptian Informatics Journal, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 113–119, March 2015.
[17] R. C. Shah, A. Wolisz, and J. M. Rabaey, “On the performance of geographical routing in the
presence of localization errors,” in IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC
2005, 16-20 May 2005, vol. 5, pp. 2979–2985, Seoul, South Korea.
[18] D. Son, A. Helmy, and B. Krishnamachari, “The effect of mobility-induced location errors on
geographic routing in mobile ad hoc sensor networks: analysis and improvement using mobility
prediction,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 233–245, July 2004.
[19] Erol, L. F. M. Vieira, and M. Gerla, “Localization with Dive’N’Rise (DNR) beacons for
underwater acoustic sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the second workshop on Underwater
networks - WuWNet ’07, 14 September 2007, pp. 97-100, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
[20] V. Chandrasekhar and W. Seah, “An Area Localization Scheme for Underwater Sensor
Networks,” in OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific, 16-19 May 2006, pp. 1–8, Singapore, Singapore.
[21] A. M. Abu-Mahfouz and G. P. Hancke, “ns-2 extension to simulate localization system in
wireless sensor networks,” in IEEE Africon ’11, 13-15 September 2011, pp. 1–7, Livingstone,
Zambia.
[22] M. Erol-Kantarci, S. Oktug, L. Vieira, and M. Gerla, “Performance evaluation of distributed
localization techniques for mobile underwater acoustic sensor networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 9,
no. 1, pp. 61–72, January 2011.
[23] Z. Zhou, J.-H. Cui, and S. Zhou, “Efficient localization for large-scale underwater sensor
networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 267–279, May 2010.
[24] Z. Qiang, Z. Senlin, and L. Meiqin, “A clock synchronization independent localization scheme for
underwater wireless sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Conference on
Underwater Networks and Systems - WUWNet ’13, 11-13 November 2013, pp. 1–5, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
[25] F. Al-Salti, N. Alzeidi, K. Day and A. Touzene, “Multiple Sink Placement Strategy for Underwater
Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Networks, Computers and
Communications (ISNCC), 19-21 June 2018, Rome, Italy.
[26] F. Al-Salti, A. N, K. Day, B. Arafeh, and A. Touzene, “Grid Based Priority Routing Protocol for
UWSNs,” International journal of Computer Networks & Communications, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 01–20,
December 2017, doi: 10.5121/ijcnc.2017.9601.

INTRUSION PREVENTION/INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM (IPS/IDS)
FOR WIFI NETWORKS
Michal Korcak, Jaroslav Lamer and Frantisek Jakab, Technical University of Košice, Slovakia
ABSTRACT
The nature of wireless networks itself created new vulnerabilities that in the classical wired networks
do not exist. This results in an evolutional requirement to implement new sophisticated security
mechanism in form of Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems. This paper deals with security
issues of small office and home office wireless networks. The goal of our work is to design and
evaluate wireless IDPS with use of packet injection method. Decrease of attacker’s traffic by 95%
was observed when compared to attacker’s traffic without deployment of proposed IDPS system.
KEYWORDS
Deauthentification, Intrusion detection, Intrusion prevention, Packet injection, WiFi

REFERENCES
[1] Henry, Paul & Luo, Hui, (2002) “WiFi: what's next?”. Communications Magazine, IEEE,
40.12: 66- 72.
[2] Tews, Erik & Beck, Martin, (2009) “Practical attacks against WEP and WPA” In:
Proceedings of the second ACM conference on Wireless network security. ACM, p. 79-86.
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cracking demonstration”.
[4] L. T. Heberlein & K. N. Levitt & B. Mukherjee, (1991) “A Method To Detect Intrusive
Activity in a Networked Environment”. In: 14th National Computer Security Conference.
Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Computer Security
Center, pp. 362-371
[5] Karen, Scarfone & Peter Mell, (2007) “Guide To Intrusion Detection And Prevention
Systems (IDPS)”. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special
Publication 800- 94, 128 p.
[6] Michael Rash, (2007) “Linux Firewalls - Attack Detection And Response With Iptables”,
Psad And Fwsnort. San Francisco: No Starch Press, 388 p.
[7] Allen, Lee (2012) “Advanced Penetration Testing for Highly--Secured Environments: The
Ultimate Security Guide”. Birmingham: Packt Publishing Ltd., 414p.
[8] “Linux Wireless - Hostapd Linux Documentation Page”. [online]. [cit. 14. April. 2014].
Available online: .
[9] KAZIENKO, Przemyslaw; DOROSZ, Piotr. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) Part 2-
Classification; methods; techniques. WindowsSecurity. com, 2004.
[10] CARL, Glenn, et al. Denial-of-service attack-detection techniques. Internet Computing,
IEEE, 2006, 10.1: 82-89

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