2. HIS CHILDHOOD
■ Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet born on 9
November 1888, France, and died on 16 March 1979.
■ When he finished school, at the age of 16, he traveled
to various countries as a dealer of cognac and, and
later, as a banker. During the two world wars, he held
important posts related to the coordination of
industrial production in France and the United
Kingdom.
■ He was an influential supporter of European unity,
and so he is considered as one of the founding fathers
of the European Union. Jean Monnet has been called
“The Father of Europe”
■ He was a French economic and political consultant
who dedicated his life to the cause of European
integration and was the inspiration behind the
"Schuman plan".
3. HIS ROLE ONTHE FORMATION OFTHE
EUROPEAN UNION
■ Following World War II, France was in severe need of reconstruction and
completely dependent on coal from Germany's main remaining coal-
mining areas. To solve this problem Monnet proposed the Theory of
“Engrenage”
■ When tensions between France and Germany got worse over the
control of the then vital coal and steel industries, Monnet and his
associates conceived the idea of a European Community.
■ On 9 May 1950, Schuman made a declaration in the name of the French
government. This declaration, prepared by Monnet for Schuman,
proposed the integration of the French and German coal and steel
industries under joint control, a so-called High Authority, open to the
other countries of Europe.
■ His innovative and pioneering efforts in the 1950s were the key to
establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, the predecessor of
today’s European Union
The schumman
declaration
4. ■ Never elected to public office, Monnet worked behind the
scenes of American and European governments as a well-
connected pragmatic internationalist.
■ As a consultant to the French government, he was one of
the founders of the famous Schuman Declaration, which
helped to create the European Coal and Steel Community.
Between 1952 and 1955 he was the first president of the
European Union's executive body.
■ Without the energy and the motivation, of men like Jean
Monnet, we would not be living in a sphere of peace and
stability that we take for granted. The founders were a
diverse group of people who believed in the same ideals:
a Europe in peace, united and prosperous.
7. HIS CHILDHOOD
■ Born in a family of civil servants, he studied Law at the University of
Freiburg and thanks a fellowship he completed his studies at the
University of Bonn.
■ Between 1897 and 1901 he began is career as a civil servant, as a
lawyer. In 1904 he married Emma Weyer, from an important family of
his city. This marriage allowed him to establish contact with people of
great social and political influence.
■ His wife died in 1916, leaving three children. At the same time he
suffered an auto accident that left him hospitalized for several months.
■ As the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany or West
Germany, after World War II, he was responsible for the reconstruction
of the country, the consolidation of democracy and its insertion in the
community of countries.
8. His life and the formation of the UE
■ Adenauer stood out during World War I in the organization of the
supply of foodstuffs for the population of the Colony, where he
occupied the position of president between 1917 and 1933.
■ During his rule he produced the reestablishment of the Cologne
University in 1919, the conversion of the former fortification zone
into a green zone, the reactivation of the fairgrounds and the
attraction of new industries, among them the Ford factor.
■ Adenauer was the protagonist of the destiny of the Rhine region.
In order to avoid the annexation of the region that earned him the
reputation of separatist during the Nazi era.
■ He was removed from office and exiled from his hometown when
the Nazis took power in 1933.
■ In 1946, he was elected president of the CDU (Christian
Democratic Union) of the British zone and, in 1950, assumed the
federal presidency of the same (until 1966).
9. ■ In 1948 he was elected President of the Parliamentary Council with the purpose of elaborating
a Constitution for the Federal Republic of Germany, since the country had been dismembered
in two parts at the end of the war.
■ At the age of 73, Konrad Adenauer was elected Chancellor of the Federal Republic of
Germany.
■ His main objective was to create a climate of trust, security and equality for Western
democracies.
■ From 1951 to 1955,
as Minister of Foreign Affairs, he finalized a policy of integration with Western
countries, achieving mainly the reconciliation with France.
■ Adenauer made Germany align itself to the anti-
communist bloc led by the United States, which allowed him to develop its international relation
s and negotiated with the Soviet Union to establish diplomatic relations and got 10,000 Germa
n prisoners of war to be released. also achieved reconciliation with the State of Israel in 1952.
■ The Adenauer Era was characterized by the establishment of a democratic parliamentary politi
cal system, with a liberal-conservative and anti-socialist orientation
■ The following years were characterized by difficulties in foreign policy, with the construction of t
he Berlin
Wall on 13 August 1961, the interruption of the process of European union and disagreements
with the US.
■ The setbacks also suffered in domestic politics generated a loss of authority that led him to resi
gn on October 15, 1963, at the age of 87
■ Konrad Adenauer died at the age of 91, as
a respected man of state around the world, who gave the Germans of the Federal Republic fre
edom, welfare and social security. His tomb is in Rhönorf and his house has been transformed
into a museum and research center
12. Jacques Lucien Jean Delors
■ He was born in Paris in 1925.
■ After a career at the Bank of France from 1945 to
1962, he became a member of the Economic and Social Council and head of social
affairs at the General Commission for Planning until 1969, where he was appointed
as General Secretary for Ongoing Formation and for the promotion social.
■ He was a member of the office of Prime Minister Jacques Chaban-
Delmas from 1969 to 1972, in charge of social and cultural affairs,
as well as economic, financial and social affairs.
■ He was an associate professor at the University of Paris-Dauphine, from 1974 to
1979, and headed the Center for Research in
Labor and Society. He was a member of the General Council of the French Banking,
from 1973 to 1979. He also taught at the National School of Administration.
■ As a member of the Socialist Party in 1974 and of his Steering Committee in
1979, he was elected European Parliamentary in
1979 and chaired the Economic and Monetary Commission until May 1981.
13. Jacques Lucien Jean Delors
■ From May 1981 to July 1984
Jacques Delors was Minister of Economy and Finance and was also elect
ed Mayor of Clichy from 1983 to 1984
■ He was appointed President of the European Commission in January1985
and held three terms until January 1995.
■ From 1992 to
1996, he chaired the International Commission on Education for the 21st
Century at UNESCO.
■ He was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the College of Europe in
Bruges from 1995 to
1999 and since October 1996 has been Head of the Notre Europe Studies
and Research Group.
■ Between 2000 and 2008, he was also President of the Employment, Reve
nue and Social Cohesion Council (CERC).
14. Jacques Lucien Jean Delors
■ He was awarded the title of Doctor Honoris
Causa of more than two dozen universities,
as well as several prizes and distinctions: Jean
Monnet Prize (1998);
Louis Weiss Award (1989); Prize Prince des Asturies (1989);
Prize Charlemagne (1992); Carlos
V Award (1995); Erasme prize (1997); World Economy Prize
(2006); Nijmegen Peace Medal (2010).
17. Robert Schuman
■ Jean-baptiste nicolas robert schuman was born 29 june 1886 in Clausen,
Luxembourg and died 4 September 1963 (aged 77) in Scy-Chazelles, Lorraine,
France. Schuman was a Christian Democrat (MRP) and an independent political
thinker and activist.
■ From 1904 to 1910 he studied law, economics, political philosophy, theology and
statistics at the Universities of Berlin, Munich, Bonn and Strasbourg, and received a
law degree with the highest distinction from Strasbourg University.In 1912 Schuman
set up practice as a lawyer in Metz.
■ After the First World War, Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France and Schuman
became a French citizen in 1919. Schuman became active in French politics.
In 1919 he was first elected as ”député” to parliament on a regional list, and later
serving as the ”député” for Thionville until 1958 with an interval during the war
years.
■ In 1940, because of his expertise on Germany, Schuman was called to become a
member of Paul Reynaud's wartime government, in charge of the refugees. On July
10, he voted to give full power to Hitler's ally Marshal Pétain, but refused to continue
to be in the government. Later that year, on September 14, he was arrested for acts of
resistance and protest against Nazi methods.
18. Robert Schuman
■ After the war, Schuman rose to great prominence, in France. He was
stricken with "Indignité nationale". On July 24, 1945, Schuman wrote to
General de Gaulle to ask him to intervene. De Gaulle answered favorably,
and on September 15, Schuman regained his full civic rights, becoming
able to play again an active role in French politics.
■ He was Minister of Finance, then Prime Minister from 1947–1948,
assuring parliamentary stability during a period of revolutionary strikes
and attempted insurrection. Becoming Foreign Minister in 1948, he
retained the post in different governments until early 1953. When
Schuman's first government had proposed the creation of a European
Assembly, it made the issue a governmental matter for Europe, not
merely an academic discussion or the subject of private conferences, like
The Hague Congress of the European Movements earlier that year.
19. Robert Schuman
■ As Foreign Minister, he announced in September 1948 and the following year before
the United Nations General Assembly, France's aim to create a
democratic organization for Europe which a post-Nazi and democratic Germany could
join.
■ As Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Schuman was instrumental in the creation of
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Schuman also signed the Treaty of
Washington for France. The defensive principles of NATO's Article 5 were also repeated
in the European Defense Community Treaty which failed as the French National
Assembly declined to vote its ratification. Schuman was a proponent of an Atlantic
Community.
