Ethonocentrism, Acculturation, Cultural lag, Cultural diffusion, Marginal mam and Ethos
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Acculturation is the process of cultural and psychological change that occurs when cultures blend together. It can impact both the original and newly adopted cultures. Cultural diffusion is the spreading of ideas, customs, or technology between cultures through direct or indirect contact. Cultural lag occurs when some aspects of a culture change more slowly than others in response to new influences. A marginal man participates only slightly in two cultures without fully identifying with either. Ethos refers to the unique traits that characterize a particular culture. Social values help individuals determine what is good or bad and guide behavior, with ultimate values being most dominant and specific values being more concrete.
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Culture, culture change, characteristics of culture
Culture refers to the complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, morals, customs, and capabilities that are acquired by humans as members of society. It includes both material and non-material aspects such as shared rules of social behavior (norms), standards of desirability (values), customary behaviors (folkways and mores), and formal laws. Culture is always changing through processes such as invention, discovery, culture diffusion, and borrowing from other cultures. It is learned and transmitted between generations, though the degree and forms of transmission may vary between cultures.
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Culture can be defined as the complex set of knowledge, beliefs, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society. It includes both material and non-material aspects that are shared, patterned, and help people adapt and make sense of their social experiences. The key elements of culture are beliefs, values, norms, and sanctions. Beliefs represent people's ideas about how the world works, values indicate what is good or bad, norms are rules of behavior, and sanctions reward or punish those behaviors. Culture is also composed of material aspects like artifacts, food, clothing, and technology used to produce tools and shelter.
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Culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, behaviors and objects that form a society's way of life. It includes both material and nonmaterial aspects. The five main elements of culture are symbols, language, values and beliefs, norms, and material objects. While cultures vary, they all rely on these basic components to ensure continuity from one generation to the next and guide members' behavior. Cultural diversity exists both between societies and within societies in the form of subcultures. Cultural change occurs through integration of new elements and cultural lag between changing elements.
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Culture refers to the shared ways of thinking, behaviors, and objects that together form a people's way of life. It includes both material and nonmaterial aspects that are learned and shared within a group. The main components of culture are values, norms, symbols, and language. Culture is transmitted between generations and helps shape human behavior and society. Cultural beliefs and practices can influence health by impacting behaviors and perceptions of wellness.
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I have compiled these notes from different resources. I am hopeful that these notes will help students who are willing to grab information on this subject for civil services exams or university exams. Good Luck
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The document outlines the principles of sociology and anthropology as academic disciplines. It discusses the key areas and branches of each field. Sociology involves the scientific study of human interaction and social processes. It examines groups, institutions, and social change. Anthropology focuses on the study of human culture, behavior, and evolution across time and space. The main branches of anthropology described are physical, cultural, archaeology, and linguistics. Both sociology and anthropology aim to understand human societies and cultures through empirical, objective study.
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Culture refers to the shared behaviors, beliefs, and customs of a particular group. It includes knowledge, values, language, religion, and other habits learned and passed down through generations. Culture is defined as the complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, and customs acquired by people as members of society. It consists of patterns of behaviors and symbols that are learned, transmitted, and provide meaning to a group of people. Some key characteristics of culture are that it is learned, social, shared, transmitted continuously and accumulatively over time in an integrated manner.
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This document discusses culture change and the role of teachers as culture brokers. It makes the following key points:
1. Culture is the set of shared values, beliefs, and norms that guide the thinking and behaviors of members of an organization. Culture is continually changing both materially and non-materially.
2. Teachers can act as culture brokers to bridge differences between their own culture and their students' cultures. This involves acquiring cultural knowledge, facilitating strategic learning approaches, and creating opportunities for critical dialogue.
3. As managers and future principals, being sensitive to cultural symbols and changing underlying messages is important for effectively bridging cultural gaps and influencing culture change in a school.
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Culture is a complex concept that includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and other capabilities acquired by humans as members of society. It is unique to humans and is learned rather than inherited biologically. Culture is shared within a group and transmitted between generations. It is also adaptive and varies between different societies. When material aspects of culture like technology change more rapidly than non-material aspects like beliefs and social structures, it can lead to a phenomenon known as cultural lag. Civilization refers specifically to the advanced stage of cultural development associated with urban life.
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The document discusses the concept of race in humans. It notes that race is difficult to define and is a social construct rather than based on biology. Historically, scientists categorized humans into racial groups based on physical appearance and place of origin, and asserted that some races were superior to others, particularly Europeans over others. However, the traits used to define races are arbitrary as humans exhibit a wide diversity with no clear dividing lines.
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The document discusses the key features and challenges of agrarian economies, using India as a case study. It begins by defining an agrarian economy as rural-based and centered around agricultural production, consumption, trade and sale. It describes the structural features of agrarian economies, including occupational structures, land ownership forms, the village community system, minimal division of labor, and the important role of family. It then outlines the types of agriculture practiced in India based on land and climate characteristics. Finally, it discusses some of the main challenges facing India's agrarian economy, such as lack of infrastructure and underutilization of technology.
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The document discusses the concept of culture and its key characteristics. It defines culture as the learned behaviors, beliefs, and knowledge shared by a group of people. Some main points made are:
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Enculturation refers to the process by which individuals learn and adopt the behaviors, values, and beliefs of their own culture from birth. It is an essential process for survival within one's culture. Acculturation refers to the adoption of behaviors from another culture when two cultures come into contact. It is a two-way process of cultural exchange that results in changes to the original cultures of both groups, but the groups remain distinct. Acculturation occurs when learning a second culture and is not essential for survival like enculturation of one's native culture.
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Enculturation refers to the process by which individuals learn and adopt the behaviors, values, and beliefs of their own culture from birth. It is an essential process for survival within one's culture. Acculturation refers to the adoption of behaviors from another culture when two cultures come into contact. It is a two-way process of cultural exchange that results in changes to the original cultures of both groups, but the groups remain distinct. Acculturation occurs when learning a second culture and is not essential for survival like enculturation of one's native culture.
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Enculturation refers to the process by which individuals learn and adopt the behaviors, values, and beliefs of their own culture from birth. It is an essential process for survival within one's culture. Acculturation refers to the adoption of behaviors from another culture when two cultures come into contact. It is a two-way process of cultural exchange that results in changes to the original cultures of both groups, but the groups remain distinct. Acculturation occurs when learning a second culture and is not essential for survival like enculturation of one's native culture.
Culture power point
Culture can be summarized as follows:
1. Culture is defined as the learned behaviors, beliefs, values, and ideals that are shared by a society.
2. Culture is a social phenomenon that is acquired, transmitted, and adapted between generations in a society.
3. Culture encompasses both material and immaterial aspects of a society, including behaviors, thoughts, language, arts, traditions and values. Culture affects people in a society from birth to death.
chapter three.pptx
This document discusses key concepts related to culture, including:
- Defining culture and distinguishing between material and non-material culture. Material culture includes physical objects while non-material culture includes ideas, beliefs, and social norms.
- The main components of culture are symbols, language, beliefs, values, and artifacts. Culture also has both ideational and material aspects.
- Cultural universals refer to practices, beliefs, and values that exist across many different societies, while cultural variation describes the diversity between cultures.
- Cultural lag and lead describe situations where technological or social changes happen faster or slower than changes in cultural norms.
- Cultural specialties are skills or knowledge specific to certain social groups.
- Basic
Characteristics of culture
Culture is a product of human behavior that is transmitted through learning. It gratifies human needs and tends to integrate society. Culture is shared and learned among members of a social group through language and other symbols. It is not instinctive but acquired through experience. Culture is a social and ideational group product that gratifies human needs and adapts over time through processes like diffusion and convergence. Culture serves important functions like distinguishing societies and providing a basis for social solidarity.
Anil 2020 culture and society 2
This document discusses several key concepts related to culture and society, including cultural diversity, multiculturalism, communalism, secularism, cultural pluralism, cultural identity, and factors of socio-cultural change. It defines these terms and provides examples to illustrate important aspects of each concept. Some of the major factors discussed that can lead to socio-cultural changes include diffusion, acculturation, westernization, modernization, globalization, urbanization, and McDonaldization. The document also examines concepts like ethnocentrism and cultural relativism that are important to understanding cultural identity.
Similar to Ethonocentrism, Acculturation, Cultural lag, Cultural diffusion, Marginal mam and Ethos (20)
Acculturation and Assimilation the way to see the different views of a culture
Acculturation and Assimilation the way to see the different views of a culture
UNDERSTANDIND CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS w3 m3.pptx
UNDERSTANDIND CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS w3 m3.pptx
Cultural variation, Cultural relativism and Ethnocentrism.pptx
Cultural variation, Cultural relativism and Ethnocentrism.pptx
Humans acquire culture through the LEARNING PROCESSES of enculturation and so...
Humans acquire culture through the LEARNING PROCESSES of enculturation and so...
Recently uploaded
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Recently uploaded (20)
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Ethonocentrism, Acculturation, Cultural lag, Cultural diffusion, Marginal mam and Ethos
- 1. LEC-6 Ethnocentrism, Acculturation, Cultural lag, Cultural diffusion, Marginal man, Ethos.
- 5. Acculturation • Acculturation is the process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from blending between cultures. • The effects of acculturation can be seen at multiple levels in both the original (native) and newly adopted (host) cultures.
- 7. Cultural diffusion • Cultural diffusion is the spreading out and merging of pieces from different cultures. • Spread of ideas, customs or technology from one culture to another culture • Cultural diffusion is the processes by which the cultural traits invented or discovered in one society are spread directly or indirectly to other societies. • These different cultures all have many diverse types of food, clothing and even languages that people love and enjoy every day.
- 8. Cultural lag • Cultural lag means that some parts of people's culture do not change as do other traits. • It means that one or more phases of culture have moves ahead and that all other phases are lagging behind.
- 9. Marginal man • In sociology, a person who participates only slightly in the life of two cultural groups without feeling identified with either group
- 10. Ethos • The term “ethos” is used to signify those traits that are characteristic of or peculiar to a particular culture which may be used to differentiate one culture from another.
- 12. Social values Meaning • Social values are ideas which help an individual to discriminate (recognize or perceive) whether a particular object or behaviour is good or bad, desirable or undesirable. Definition • It is abstract and often unconscious assumption of what is right and important
- 13. Three types of social values 1. Ultimate – Dominant 2. Intermediate 3. Specific values