2. •Latin word – “Cultura” – means
‘to cultivate’ or ‘cultivating the
mind’
3. THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE:
•Tylor in 1871:
•“Culture, or civilization, is that
complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, law, morals,
custom, and any other capabilities
and habits acquired by man as a
member of society.”
4. •“a society’s shared and socially
transmitted ideas, values and
perceptions, which are used to
make sense of experience and
generate behavior and are
reflected in that behavior.”
5. • Culture is universal among all human
groups and even exists among some
primates.
• All cultures have to provide for the
physical, emotional, and social needs of
their members, enculturate new
members, resolve conflicts and promote
survival for their members.
6. • Society must balance the needs of the
whole with the needs of the individual.
If individual needs are continually
suppressed, social systems can become
unstable and individual stress can
become too much to handle. Every
culture has its own methods of
balancing the needs of society in
relation to individual needs.
7. SUBCULTURES
• Subcultures are groups with
distinct patterns of learned and
shared behavior (ethnicities, races,
genders, age categories) within a
larger culture. Despite these
distinctive traits, members of
subcultures still share
commonalities with the larger
society.
8. •Subcultures exist in most state
level systems because those
systems are pluralistic, they
encompass more than one ethnic
group or culture.
9. • From the definitions it becomes clear that
sociologically culture has specific meaning and
characteristics. It is the product of human
behavior and gaining knowledge through group.
• It is a system of learned behavior and set
procedure. Some of the salient
10.
11. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
• characteristics of culture are as under:
• Culture is learned.
• Culture is shared.
• Culture is transmitted.
• Culture is changing.
12. CULTURE IS LEARNED
• Culture is learned. It is not biological; we do not inherit it.
Much of learning culture is unconscious. We learn
culture from families, peers, institutions, and media.
•
13. • The process of learning culture is known
as enculturation. While all humans have
basic biological needs such as food, sleep,
and sex, the way we fulfill those needs
varies cross-culturally.
•
14. •Culture is socially transmitted through
language- It is transmitted from one
generation to another through the
medium of language, verbal or non-
verbal through the gestures or signs,
orally or in writing.
15. SHARED
• Culture is shared. Because we share culture
with other members of our group, we are able to
act in socially appropriate ways as well as
predict how others will act.
•
16. SHARED CONT..
• Despite the shared nature of culture, that doesn’t
mean that culture is homogenous (the same).
The multiple cultural worlds that exist in any
society are discussed in detail below.
• All the traits, attitudes, ideas, knowledge and
material objects like radio, television and
automobiles etc is actually shared by members
of society.
17. SYMBOLS
• Culture is based on symbols. A symbol is something that
stands for something else.
• Symbols vary cross-culturally and are arbitrary. They
only have meaning when people in a culture agree on
their use.
• Language, money and art are all symbols. Language is
the most important symbolic component of culture.
18.
19. INTEGRATED
• Culture is integrated. This is known as holism, or
the various parts of a culture being
interconnected.
20. INTEGRATED CONT.
• All aspects of a culture are related to one another and to
truly understand a culture, one must learn about all of its
parts, not only a few.
21. CULTURE IS DYNAMIC
• Culture is dynamic. This simply means that cultures
interact and change. Because most cultures are in
contact with other cultures, they exchange ideas and
symbols.
• All cultures change, otherwise, they would have
problems adapting to changing environments. And
because cultures are integrated, if one component in the
system changes, it is likely that the entire system must
adjust.
•
22. CULTURE IS TRANSMITTED
• All the culture traits and objects are transmitted among
the members of society continually. Most of the cultural
traits and material objects are transmitted to the
members of the society from their forefathers. We learn
new fashion, how to move in society and how to behave
in a particular social situation
23. CULTURE IS CHANGING
• Culture never remains static but changing.
It is changing in every society, but with
different speed and causes. It constantly
under goes change and adapts itself to the
environments
24. TYPES OF CULTURE
• • Material Culture
• • Non-material Culture
• • Real Culture
• • Ideal Culture
25. MATERIAL CULTURE
• From material culture we understand material and
physical objects. For instance, house, road, vehicles,
pen, table, radio set, book etc.
• these are the products of human efforts to control his
environment and make his life conformable and safe.
26. NON-MATERIAL CULTURE
• In non-material culture we include non material objects.
For example religion, art, ideas, customs, values system,
attitudes, knowledge etc. it does not have physical shape.
It is very important in determining human behavior and
has strong hold on an individual. Both parts are inter-
related with each other
27. REAL CULTURE
• Real culture is that which can be observed in our social
life. The culture on which we act upon in our daily life is
real culture.
• It is that parts of culture, which the people adopt in their
social life, for example. If a person/ says that he/she is
Muslim, will be, when followed all the principles of Islam
is the real and when doesn’t follow, is not a real one.
28. IDEAL CULTURE
• The culture which is presented as a pattern to
the people is called ideal culture.
• It is the goal of society and never achieved fully
because some parts remain out of practice.
• This culture is explained in books, speeches etc.
29. CULTURAL TRAITS
• The examples of cultural traits are almost infinite.
Because every culture has its own traits.
• A cultural trait is a characteristic of human action that's
acquired by people socially and transmitted via various
modes of communication.
• Cultural traits are things that allow for a part of
one culture to be transmitted to another.
• Examples by students
30. EXAMPLE
• For example; a pencil is a culture trait, football, bat,
fishhook, keeping cattle, handshake, gestures, and
house.
• Culture traits are interrelated with each other, their
collective function forms culture complex.
• Such as a football is a culture trait, and the football
match is a cultural complex.
31. CULTURAL COMPLEX
• a group of culture traits all interrelated and dominated
by one essential trait: Nationalism is a culture
complex.
32. CULTURAL PATTERN
• cultural pattern is the way of behavior of the people. ...
This rule of social life is pattern of culture.
• It is that ideal which is presented as an example to the
people. These people are expected to behave according
to cultural patterns. A culture develops patterns of
behavior in all social situations.
33.
34. CULTUREAL LAG
• Culture lag It refers to the gap between the material and
non-material culture.
35.
36.
37. •Role of Education in
Preservation, Transmission
and Promotion of Culture
38. PRESERVATION OF CULTURE
• Through Education
• Consolidate its spiritual strength, maintain its historic
continuity
• • Secure its past achievements
• • Guarantee its future
39. TRANSMISSION OF CULTURE
•Child – dependent on adult and
follows adult ways of behavior
• Learn the culture of the group
• Educational institutions
• Family
41. PROMOTION OF CULTURE
• Need to refine it
• Caste system, untouchability and child marriage
• Techniques of production and technology of agriculture
• Only through Education
• Creates favourable attitude towards change
• School – laboratory – chemical change
