This document discusses several concepts related to culture, including ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, subculture, culture shock, cultural lag, and cultural dualism. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior, while cultural relativism holds that no culture is superior and cultural beliefs are equally valid. Subcultures exist within societies and differ in language, dress, food, and other customs. Culture shock occurs when confronted with unfamiliar cultures, and cultural lag is the inability to adapt immediately to cultural changes. Cultural dualism refers to a culture influenced by another and practicing elements of both.

1. ETHNOCENTRISM
AND CULTURAL
RELATIVISM
Jocelyn L. De Castro
Faculty

2. How well do you know the
world?

3. In terms of
beliefs

4. Language

8. DOES THIS PICTURE OFFEND YOU?

9. Cultural Relativism:
Truth is relative. It is
the view that no culture
is superior to any other
culture when
comparing systems of
morality, law politics,

10. It is the philosophical
notion that all cultural
beliefs are equally
valid and that truth
itself is relative
depending on the
cultural environment

11. Those who hold to
cultural relativism hold
that all religious, ethical,
aesthetic, and political
beliefs are completely
relative to the individual
within a cultural identity.

12. Relativism often includes:
moral relativism (ethics
depend on a social construct),
 situational relativism (right or
wrong is based on the
particular situation), and
cognitive relativism (truth itself
has no objective standard).

13. Ethnocentrism- is a
universal phenomenon.
This arises from the fact
that cultures differ and
each culture defines
reality differently. One
culture is basically the
standard against which

14. It is the belief that ones
own culture is superior to
others, that cultures differ
and each culture defines
reality differently.

16. Example: racial
discrimination arises
because of the
tendency of one group
to regard his own race
as superior to those of
the others.

17. Positive Implications of
Ethnocentrism
1. Promotes Nationalism
2. Promotes Patriotism
.

18. Negative Implications of
Ethnocentrism
1. Discrimination
2. Prejudice
3. Slavery
4. Oppression
5. War

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Suppose you are to
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Search for the
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taboos to guide you
and your behavior
as you travel.
Document your
travel in a 5-minute
video.

20.  Other Concepts
 1. Subculture- in any societies there are groups
of people who do not exactly meet their society’s
ideals.
 they change some of the society’ ideals to reflect
on their own needs and so subcultures were
created.
 may differ from large society in various way such
as language or special vocabulary, modes of
dresses, foods, etc.
 maybe based on religious differences or ethnic
differences or occupational groups, gangs, high
culture, prostitutes, military etc.

21. Features of subcultures
 Provide a sense of belongingness and
identity
 Each subcultures develops unique
features
 Rules of behavior are set up for the
dealing with the outside world
 The feeling of us against them is the
most satisfying aspects of subculture
membership.

22. 2. Culture shock- the belief that one’s
way of life that has been handed down
from generation to generation is the
“right” way. But when confronted with
other cultures different from theirs they
become upset. It is usually experienced
by people who migrate or professionals
who go to other countries whose culture
they are not familiar with.

23. 3. Cultural Lag- the dysfunction I,
or inability of a given society to
adapt immediately to a culture
as a result of disparity in the rate
of change between the material
and non-material elements of
culture.

24. 4. Cultural dualism- a cultural
phenomenon that has historical
background, a culture influence
by another and they practice in
synergy