The document discusses several topics related to professional ethics and human values for engineers:
1. It defines ethics as the study of morality and the principles of right and wrong conduct that should guide a person or group. Morals are customs that define what a group believes is right or wrong, while ethics relate to right and wrong conduct in a particular situation.
2. Some key human values discussed are integrity, honesty, service-learning, and civic virtue. The document also contrasts ethics with similar concepts like values and morals.
3. Engineering ethics can be approached from normative and descriptive perspectives. Normative ethics focuses on what is morally right or wrong while descriptive looks at what people actually do or believe without
Ge6075 professional ethics in engineering unit 1Dr Geetha Mohan
Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service learning – Civic virtue – Respect for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing time – Cooperation – Commitment – Empathy – Self confidence – Character – Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga and meditation for professional excellence and stress management.
Ge6075 professional ethics in engineering unit 1Dr Geetha Mohan
Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service learning – Civic virtue – Respect for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing time – Cooperation – Commitment – Empathy – Self confidence – Character – Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga and meditation for professional excellence and stress management.
Senses of “Engineering Ethics” – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg‟s theory – Gilligan‟s theory – Consensus and Controversy – Models of professional roles - Theories about right action – Self-interest – Customs and Religion – Uses of Ethical Theories
Senses of Engineering Ethics– Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg‟s theory – Gilligan‟s theory – Consensus and Controversy – Models of professional roles - Theories about right action
Multinational Corporations – Environmental Ethics – Computer Ethics – Weapons Development – Engineers as Managers – Consulting Engineers – Engineers as Expert Witnesses and Advisors – Moral Leadership –Code of Conduct – Corporate Social Responsibility
Senses of “Engineering Ethics” – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg‟s theory – Gilligan‟s theory – Consensus and Controversy – Models of professional roles - Theories about right action – Self-interest – Customs and Religion – Uses of Ethical Theories
Senses of Engineering Ethics– Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg‟s theory – Gilligan‟s theory – Consensus and Controversy – Models of professional roles - Theories about right action
Multinational Corporations – Environmental Ethics – Computer Ethics – Weapons Development – Engineers as Managers – Consulting Engineers – Engineers as Expert Witnesses and Advisors – Moral Leadership –Code of Conduct – Corporate Social Responsibility
GE 6075 PROFESSIONALETHICS IN ENGINEERING UNIT HUMAN VALUESPALANIVEL SUBBIAH
PPTs describe Unit of Professional Ethics in Engineering which include Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service learning – Civic virtue – Respect for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing time – Cooperation – Commitment – Empathy – Self confidence – Character – Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga and meditation for professional excellence and stress management.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
Ethics
1. Professional Ethics and Human
Values
Dr.R.Subasri
Professor, Kongu Engineering College,
Perundurai, Erode, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
2. •To know the people’s beliefs, Values and morals.
•To learn good and bad of them.
•To practice them to maximize the well-being and
happiness.
•To resolve the issues.
•To respond to the issues through the duties, rights,
responsibilities.
Why the study of Ethics ?
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
3. 'Ethics is the branch of philosophy dealing with morality.'
In other words, ethics is the study of morality.
The word Morals is derived
from a Greek word “Mos”
which means custom.
The word Ethics, is also derived
from a Greek word “Ethikos”
which means character.
Morals are the customs established by group of
individuals whereas ethics defines the character of an
individual.
While morals are concerned with principles of right and
wrong, ethics are related to right and wrong conduct of
an individual in a particular sitution.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
4. Basis for
Comparison
Morals Ethics
Meaning
Morals are the beliefs
of the individual or
group as to what is
right or wrong.
Ethics are the guiding
principles which help
the individual or
group to decide what
is good or bad.
What is it?
General principles set
by group
Response to a specific
situation
Root word
Mos which means
custom
Ethikos which means
character
Governed By
Social and cultural
norms
Individual or Legal
and Professional
normsDr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
5. Basis for Comparison Morals Ethics
Deals with
Principles of right and
wrong
Right and wrong
conduct
Applicability in
Business
No Yes
Consistency
Morals may differ
from society to society
and culture to culture.
Ethics are generally
uniform.
Expression
Morals are expressed
in the form of general
rules and statements.
Ethics are abstract.
Freedom to think
and choose
No Yes
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
6. Some moral principles are:
Do not cheat ,Be loyal ,Be patient, Always tell the truth,
Be generous.
Some ethical principles are:
Truthfulness ,Honesty ,Loyalty, Respect, Fairness, Integrity.
•If the son of a big politician has committed a crime and he uses his
powers to free his son from legal consequences. Then this act is
immoral because the politician is trying to save a culprit.
•A very close friend or relative of an interviewer comes for an
interview and without asking a single question, he selects him. This
act is unethical because the selection process must be transparent
and unbiased.
•A grocer sells adulterated products to his customers to earn more
profit. This act is neither moral nor ethical because he is cheating
his customers and profession at the same time.
Examples
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
8. Values refer to the important and enduring (long term)
beliefs or principles, based on which an individual
makes judgements in life.
While ethics are consistently applied over the period, and remains
same for all the human beings. Values have an individualistic
approach, i.e. it varies from person to person but remains stable,
relatively unchanging, but they can be changed over time due to a
significant emotional event.
It is at the centre of our lives which act as a standard of
behaviour. They severely affect the emotional state of
mind of an individual. They can be personal values,
cultural values or corporate values.
Human Values
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
10. Basis for Comparison Ethics Values
Meaning
Ethics refers to the
guidelines for conduct,
that address question
about morality.
Value is defined as the
principles and ideals, that
helps them in making
judgement of what is more
important.
What are they? System of moral principles. Stimuli for thinking.
Consistency Uniform
Differs from person to
person
Tells
What is morally correct or
incorrect, in the given
situation.
What we want to do or
achieve.
Determines
Extent of rightness or
wrongness of our options.
Level of importance.
What it does? Constrains Motivates
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
11. Integrity is about what you do. Honesty is about what
you say;
Integrity is about conduct. Honesty is about adherence
to the facts.
Service-learning is “a form of experiential
education in which students engage in activities
that address human and community needs
together with structured opportunities
intentionally designed to promote student
learning and development”
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
12. ASCE Fundamental Canons, No. 1, “Engineers should seek
opportunities to be of constructive service in civic affairs and
work for the advancement of the safety, health and well-being of
their communities, and the protection of the environment
through the practice of sustainable development”
The National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) and
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) codes of ethics do
justify community service as an important part of engineering
ethics.
The Service-Learning pedagogy provides a more positive
approach to teaching engineering ethics and social impact of
technology by focusing learning on doing the work of an
engineer responsibly and well, whether in the workplace or in
community service. Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
13. Virtues are those qualities in a person’s character
and mind which are good to possess.
The good action or thought is always the preferred option for the
possessor of virtue. A courageous person, for instance, is inclined
to act bravely in most situations that would make other men run
in fear .
Civic virtue is that part of virtue that relates to the
connection between citizen and state, or maybe less
formal, Between citizen and (national/local) community.
As virtue, civic virtue is the way that good citizens should behave
, the appropriate role for a citizen in society.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
14. There are two different senses (meanings) of engineering ethics,
namely the Normative and the Descriptive senses.
SENSES OF ENGINEERING ETHICS
Normative: Especially an assumed norm regarded as the standard
of correctness in behavior, speech, writing, etc.
The normative sense include:
• Knowing moral values, finding accurate solutions to
moral problems and justifying moral judgments in
engineering practices
• Study of decisions, policies, and values that are morally
desirable in the engineering practice and research, and
• Using codes of ethics and standards and applying them
in their transactions by engineers.Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
15. The descriptive sense refers to what specific individual or
group of engineers believe and act, without justifying
their beliefs or actions.
Approaches to Engineering Ethics
Micro -Ethics:
This approach stresses more about some typical
and everyday problems which play an important role in
the field of engineering and in the profession of an
engineer
Macro -Ethics:
This approach deals with all the social problems
which are unknown and suddenly burst out on a regional
or national level. Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
16. VARIETY OF MORAL ISSUES
why and how do moral issues (problems) arise in a
profession or why do people behave unethically?
The reasons for people including the employer and
employees, behaving unethically may be classified into
three categories
Resource Crunch Opportunity Attitude
The engineers have to tolerate themselves with the
everyday problems both from personal and societal point
of view.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
17. Involving individuals in the development of goals and
values and developing policies that allow for individual
diversity, dissent, and input to decision –making will
prevent unethical results.
Due to pressure, through time limits, availability of
money or budgetary constraints, and technology decay
or obsolescence.
Pressure from the government to complete the project in
time (e.g., before the elections), reduction in the budget
because of sudden war or natural calamity (e.g., Tsunami)
and obsolescence due technology innovation by the
competitor lead to manipulation and unsafe and
unethical execution of projects.
Resource Crunch
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
18. Management projecting their own interests more than
that of their employees.
Emphasis on results and gains at the expense of the
employees
The unethical behaviors of World Com (in USA), Enron
(in USA as well as India) executives in 2002 resulted in
bankruptcy for those companies
Opportunity
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
19. •Low morale of the employees because of
dissatisfaction and downsizing
•Absence of grievance redressal mechanism,
•Lack of promotion or career development policies
•Lack of transparency,
•Absence of recognition and reward system,
•Poor working environments
Poor attitude of the employees set in due to
Attitude
Giving ethics training for all, recognizing ethical conduct in
work place, including ethics in performance appraisal, and
encouraging open discussion on ethical issues, are some of
the directions to promote positive attitudes among the
employees Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
20. Some cases with which different areas covered by
engineering ethics:
An inspector finds a faulty part in the
manufacture of a machine, which prevents the
use of that machine for a longer period. But his
superior, takes this as a minor mistake and
orders that the faulty part to be adjusted so
that the delay in the process has to be avoided.
But the inspector doesn’t want this and so he is
threatened by the supervisor.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
21. An electronic company applies for a permit to start a
Nuclear Power Plant. When the licensing authority
comes for visit, they enquire the company authorities
on the emergency measures that have been established
for safety of The surroundings. The engineers inform
them about the alarm system and arrangements have
been made in local hospitals for the treatment of their
employees and they have no plan for the surrounding
people. They also inform that it is the responsibility of
the people
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
22. A Yarn Dyeing company which dumps its wastes in the
nearby river. It causes heavy damage to the people those
who are using the river. The plant engineers are aware of
this, but they do not change the disposal method
because their competitors also doing similarly as it
happens to be a cheaper. They also say that it is the
responsibility of the local government.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
23. Inquiry means an investigation. Like general ethics,
Engineering ethics also involves investigations into
values, meaning and facts
TYPES OF INQUIRY
1.Normative Inquiries 2.Conceptual Inquiries
3.Factual or Descriptive Inquiries
These inquiries are mostly helpful to identify the values
which guide the individuals and groups in taking a
decision. These are meant for identifying and justifying
some norms and standards of morally desirable nature
for guiding individuals as well as groups.
1.Normative Inquiries
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
24. 1.How do the obligations of engineers protect the public safety in
given situations?
2.When should an engineer have to alarm their employers on
dangerous practices?
3.Where are the laws and organizational procedures that affect
engineering practice on moral issues?
4.Where are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfil their
professional obligations?
These are meant for describing the meaning of concepts,
principles, and issues related to Engineering Ethics.
These inquiries also explain whether the concepts and
ideas are expressed by single word or by phrases
Sample Questions
2.Conceptual Inquiries
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
25. 1.What is the safety and how it is related to risk?
2.What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should
protect the safety, health and welfare of the public?
3.What is a “bribe”?
•These help to provide facts for understanding and finding solutions
to value based issues.
•The engineer has to conduct factual inquiries by using scientific
techniques.
•These help to provide information regarding the he procedures to
be adopted when assessing risks and psychological profiles of
engineers.
•The information about these facts provide understanding and
background conditions which create moral problems.
Sample Questions
3.Factual or Descriptive Inquiries
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
26. 4. Who conducted the tests on materials?
1.How were the benefits assessed?
2. What are procedures followed in risk assessment?
3. What are short -term and long-term effects of drinking
water being polluted?
Sample Questions
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
27. MORAL DILEMMA
•Dilemmas are situations in which moral reasons come into
conflict
•Moral reasons could be rights, duties, goods or obligations.
•one is not clear of the immediate choice or solution of the
problems
•presence of moral complexity which leads to the decision
making complex
Three complex situations leading to moral dilemmas:
•One is unable to distinguish between good and bad (right or wrong)
principle.
•May not know how to make moral considerations or principles in
resolving a moral problem at a particular situation.
1. The problem of vagueness:
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
28. 2. The problems of Conflicting reasons
One is unable to choose between two good moral
solutions.
One has to fix priority, through knowledge or value system.
e.g. From Ramayana
Ayothya King Sri Rama’s critical situation in deciding
whether to be a king or be with his wife Seetha
3. The problems of disagreement
•There may be two or more solutions and none of them mandatory.
•One has to interpret, apply different morally reasons, and analyze
and rank the decisions.
•Select the best suitable, under the existing and the most probable
conditions.
•India & Pakistan Separation
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
29. 1. Identification of the moral factors and reasons. The
clarity to identify the relevant moral values from among
duties, rights, goods and obligations is obtained
(conceptual inquiry).
The most useful resource in identifying dilemmas in
engineering is the professional codes of ethics, as
interpreted by the professional experience. Another
resource is talking with colleagues who can focus or
narrow down the choice of values.
The logical steps in confronting moral dilemma are:
2. Collection of all information, data, and facts (factual
inquiry) relevant to the situation.Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
30. 4. Generate alternate courses of action to resolve the
dilemma. Write down the main options and sub-options
as a matrix or decision tree to ensure that all options are
included.
3. Rank the moral options i.e., priority in application
through value system, and also as obligatory, all right,
acceptable, not acceptable, damaging, and most
damaging etc. For example, in fulfilling responsibility, the
codes give prime importance to public safety and
protection of the environment, as compared to the
individuals or the employers (conceptual inquiry).
5. Discuss with colleagues and obtain their perspectives,
priorities, and suggestions on various alternatives.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
31. 6. Decide upon a final course of action, based on priority fixed
or assumed. If there is no ideal solution, we arrive at a partially
satisfactory solution
MORAL AUTONOMY
Autonomy means self-governing or self-determining i.e
act independently.
Moral autonomy is concerned with the independent
attitude of a person related to ethical issues. It helps to
improve the self-determination among the individuals.
The main aim of studying engineering ethics is to increase
the moral autonomy within him.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
32. 1. The engineers must have the competence for identifying the
moral problems and ethical issues related to the field of
engineering – they must have the ability to distinguish and
relate these moral problems with the problems of law,
economics, religions principles etc. They must possess the skills
of understanding, clarifying and assessing the arguments which
are against the moral issues.
2.They must have the ability to suggest the solutions to moral
issues, on the basis of facts. These suggestions must be consistent
and must include all the aspects of the problem.
3.They must have the imaginative skill to view the problems from
all view points and also be able to suggest a proper alternative
solution.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
33. 4.They must be able to tolerate while giving moral judgments
and decisions which may cause trouble. i.e. they have to
understand the difficulties in making moral decisions.
5.They must have adequate knowledge and understanding about
the use of ethical language so as to defend or support their views
with others.
6.They must have some better knowledge in understanding the
importance of suggestions and better solutions while resolving
moral problems and also about the importance of tolerance on
some critical situations.
7. They must maintain moral integrity.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
34. An engineer in a higher position of a company, is responsible
and having the sole right to make purchases on his own and
behalf of the company. There may be many suppliers for
supplying materials. In this situation, a sales representative
from one of the suppliers approaches him with a moderating
gift. In this case, the engineer may have some doubts like (i)
Whether this is an acceptance of a bribe? (ii) Does it create a
conflict of interest?
The solution is only with that engineer. He can also discuss
with his colleagues about the problem. The colleague may find
the solution on the basis of previous experiences, it may not
be a kind of bribe, but at the same time it should not be
encouraged in future because there is the possibility of
supplying substandard materials. It is difficult to arrive at the
conclusion whether the gift is an innocent amenity or an
unacceptable bribe. Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
35. Kohlberg's stages of moral development
Understanding the stages of moral
development should help in developing or
improving upon one’s morals or values.
Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral
development was influenced by the thinking of
the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget
Piaget studied many aspects of moral judgment,
but most of his findings fit into a two-stage
theory.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
36. Kohlberg believed, and was able to demonstrate through
studies, that people progressed in their moral reasoning
(i.e., in their foundations for ethical behavior) through a
series of six identifiable stages that could be more
generally classified into three levels.
Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) (up to age 9)
1. Obedience and punishment orientation
2. Self-interest orientation
Level 2 (Conventional) (10 years old to adolescence)
3. Interpersonal accord and conformity
(The good boy/good girl attitude)
4. Authority and social-order maintaining orientation
(Law and order morality)
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
37. Level 3 (Post-Conventional)(adulthood)
5. Social contract orientation
6. Universal ethical principles
(Principled conscience)
The first level of moral thinking is that generally found at the
elementary school level.
In the first stage of this level, people behave according to socially
acceptable norms because they are told to do so by some
authority figure (e.g., parent or teacher).
This obedience is compelled by the threat or application of
punishment.
The second stage of this level is characterized by a view that right
behavior means acting in one's own best interests.
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA
38. The second level of moral thinking is that generally found in
society, hence the name "conventional." The first stage of this
level (stage 3) is characterized by an attitude which seeks to do
what will gain the approval of others.
The second stage is one oriented to abiding by the law and
responding to the obligations of duty.
The third level of moral thinking is one that Kohlberg felt is not
reached by the majority of adults. Its first stage (stage 5) is an
understanding of social mutuality and a genuine interest in the
welfare of others. The last stage (stage 6) is based on respect for
universal principle and the demands of individual conscience
Dr.R.Subasri, KEC, INDIA