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The Ten Schools of Thought model from Henry Mintzberg is a framework that can be used to categorize the field of Strategic Management. It describes each school in context and provides a critique. Thus, it acts as a very good overview to the entire field of Strategic Management.
While academics and consultants keep focusing on these narrow perspectives, business managers will be better served if they strive to see the wider picture. Some of strategic management's greatest failings, in fact, occurred when one of these concepts was taken too seriously.
These 10 Schools of Thought are as follows:
*The Design School
*The Planning School
*The Positioning School
*The Entrepreneurial School
*The Cognitive School
*The Learning School
*The Power School
*The Cultural School
*The Environmental School
*The Configuration School
This document explains each School, its origins, benefit and limitations, related analyses/frameworks, and other attributes. Also includes PowerPoint templates for illustrating this model in your presentation.
Tässä diasarjassa on kaikki tarvittava ohjeistus Y-Love projektikurssin "Meidän koulu on paras koulu" -kilpailuun. Jos on kysyttävä, kysy fb:n Y-love projekti -sivuilla.
1Kantian Ethics1724-1804Spent virtually all of his life inAnastaciaShadelb
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Kantian Ethics
1724-1804
Spent virtually all of his life in Konigsberg, East Prussia.
From a Lutheran family.
Never married.
Immanuel Kant
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Distinguish
Utilitarianism—Teleological Theory
Goal directed
Kantian Ethics—Deontological Theory
Duty based
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Kant’s Moral Theory
Kant wanted to “seek out and establish the supreme principle of morality.”
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Morality and Rationality
For Kant, all of morality has its ultimate source in rationality. The categorical imperative, in any formulation, is an expression of rationality, and it is the principle that would be followed in practice by any purely rational being.
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Morality and Rationality
Moral rules are not mere arbitrary conventions or subjective standards. They are objective truths that have their source in the rational nature of human beings.
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Autonomy
For Kant, morality presupposes autonomy.
Autonomous = not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent. Independent in mind or judgment; self-directed.
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Consequences are Morally Irrelevant
For Kant, the consequences of an action are morally irrelevant. Rather, an action is right when it is in accordance with a rule that satisfies a principle he calls the “categorical imperative.”
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Categorical Imperative
And to act out of respect for the law means to follow the “categorical imperative.”
Cf. Hypothetical Imperative
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Categorical Imperative
Kant’s moral theory centers around the categorical imperative.
“Act only on that maxim which you can at the same time will to be a universal law.”
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Universality
You must be willing to see your maxim universalized (by similarly situated persons) even though it may turn out on some other occasion to work to your disadvantage.
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Psychological Agreement Not Required
For a maxim to satisfy the categorical imperative, it is not necessary that we be agreeable in some psychological sense to seeing it made into a universal law. Rather, the test is one that requires us to avoid inconsistency or conflict in what we will as a universal rule.
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Similar Cases = Similar Treatment
All things being equal, justice dictates that similarly situated people ought to be treated similarly.
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Other Formulations
“I am never to act unless I am acting on a maxim that I can will to become a universal law.”
“Act as if the maxims you choose to follow always become universal laws of nature.”
“Act so as to treat people as ends unto themselves and never merely as a means.”
...
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Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
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Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
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Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
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Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
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Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
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Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
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2. KANT’S ETHICS
Immanuel Kant
Deontologism- duty- obligation
Intuitionism, internal motive must be good
Motivist theory
A man performs a moral act if and only if one does whatever
one is obliged to do
3. KANT’S ETHICS
2 type of of acts
1. Act done in accord with duty
Doctor performs his functions out of fear of
being accused of negligence
2. Act done from a sense of duty
Doctors act if they recognize that there is
special obligation to their patients because
of their relationships with them
4. KANT’S ETHICS
It is always wrong to lie (giving placebo)
Treat people as ends not as means
Act only on that maxim which can and at the
same time will become a universal law
Always act as to treat humanity as and end
and never as only means
5. ROSS ETHICS
Rule deontology
Reject utilitarian precept
Good------- happiness in the end
Actual duty
Prima facie duty
Example
Act with the more stringent/stronger duty
Ex: pt ask you, am I going to die?
Actual duty - tell the truth
Prima facie duty give comfort of the mind
6. PRIMA FACIE DUTY BY ROSS
1. Duty of fidelity
2. Duty of reparation/compensation
3. Duty of gratitude
4. Duty of justice
5. Duty of beneficence
6. Duty of self improvement
7. Duty of non maleficence
7. RAWLS THEORY OF JUSTICE
Hypothetical situation
Under the veil of ignorance
Man is rational and self-interested
Social justice
Individual is inviolable
Erroneous theory is tolerable in the absence
of good one
Individual liberty should be restricted in order
to maintain equality of oppurtunity.