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The Essay

A system for successful essay writing




                                        1
What is an Essay?




                    2
It is NOT

» A book summary

» A “book report”

» A book review




                    3
It IS an essay that:

                     » Presents a
» Focuses on a
                       focused
  literary part of
                       argument about
  the book
                       that literary
  (theme,
                       part.
  conflicts,
                     » Is supported by
  character
                       specific details
  development,         and quotes that
  etc.)                are explained.




                                          4
What are the key parts of
       the essay?




                            5
Start Taking
Essay Notes
    Now!



               6
Introduction
» Restate the essay question, topic
» Outline your main arguments
» Should only be a few sentences
  long
» Grab the reader’s attention




                                      7
Question
» Were the publishers right to have
  included photos from the movie in
  the book?




                                      8
Example C/B Grade
         This essay will discuss why the
Restates publishers in Boyce’s novel
the        Millions were wrong to have
question   included photo from the
           movie in the novel. It will
           look at how the photos
Outlines   disrupt reading of the
points
           novel, weaken the spine of
           the book and add to the
           cost.

                                           9
Example A*
» Book publishers use various techniques to sell
  their product, one of which is to capitalise on the
  popularity of any movie made from the book.
  This essay will examine the disadvantages of
  placing photographs from the movie Millions in
  the Boyce’s novel of the same name. It will look
  at the increased cost to the consumer through
  the inclusion of photographs as well as structural
  concerns over the strength of the novel’s spine,
  before outlining issues regarding the photographs
  impact on the reading of the novel.



                                                        10
Your turn
» Is this book suitable for year 8
  study? Why, why not?




                                     11
The novel ‘Millions’, by Frank Cottrell
  Boyce, is not suitable for year 8
  study. It is does not include
  excitement and adventure to
  engage twelve year olds so the
  novel seems drawn out and
  uninteresting. It also includes
  inappropriate subject matter that
  may offend some year 8 students.



                                          12
The Body
» Organise arguments and
  paragraphs logically
» Use topic sentences
» Use Point, Evidence, Explanation
» Link ideas/paragraphs through
  concluding sentences



                                     13
Paragraphs
» Start with a topic sentence
» Series of P.E.E. sentences
» Concluding Sentence (extra marks
  for linking to the next paragraph)




                                       14
A Topic Sentence …
» Gives the reader an idea of what
  the paragraph is about.
» Are used to assist in the essay’s
  logical flow.
» Keeps your writing focused for that
  paragraph.



                                        15
Topic sentences are vitally
Topic
           important in essay paragraphs.
Sentence
           They let the reader know what
           the paragraph is about. The
           topic sentence in this paragraph
           tells the reader that topic
           sentences are ”vitally
           important”. The reader now
           knows what the paragraph will
           be about and the reason this
           topic is being covered.



                                              16
What is P. E. E. ?
» POINT – Make a point: This is a
  statement that answers part of you
  essay question and addresses a
  part of the paragraph’s topic.
» It should relate to the main idea of
  the essay.



                                         17
Topic sentences are vitally
 Topic
            important in essay paragraphs.
 Sentence
            They let the reader know what
            the paragraph is about. The
Point       topic sentence in this paragraph
            tells the reader that topic
            sentences are ”vitally
            important”. The reader now
            knows what the paragraph will
            be about and the reason this
            topic is being covered.



                                               18
Evidence
» Through a general comment, or a
  quote, provide evidence that:
  » Backs up your point
  » Is relevant
  » Is the best example that you can find.




                                             19
Topic sentences are vitally
 Topic
            important in essay paragraphs.
 Sentence
            They let the reader know what
            the paragraph is about. The
Point       topic sentence in this paragraph
            tells the reader that topic
Evidence    sentences are ”vitally
            important”. The reader now
            knows what the paragraph will
            be about and the reason this
            topic is being covered.



                                               20
Explanation
» Here’s where most students fall down.
» The explanation MUST explain how and
  why your point and evidence addresses
  the essay topic or provides and answer to
  the question.
» It can be more than one sentence,
  depending on how much detail you are
  going in to.


                                              21
Topic sentences are vitally
  Topic
              important in essay paragraphs.
  Sentence
              They let the reader know what
              the paragraph is about. The
 Point        topic sentence in this paragraph
              tells the reader that topic
 Evidence     sentences are ”vitally
              important”. The reader now
Explanation   knows what the paragraph will
              be about and the reason this
              topic is being covered.



                                                 22
Topic sentences are vitally important in essay
  paragraphs. Firstly, they let the reader know what
  the paragraph is about. The topic sentence in this
  paragraph tells the reader that E. E. sentences are
                       FIRST P. topic
  ”vitally important”. The reader now knows what
  the paragraph will be about and the reason this
  topic is being covered. Secondly, topic sentences
  assist in an essay’s logical flow. By simply taking
  the topic sentences from each paragraph a very
                      SECOND P. E. E.
  good summary of the essay can be created. This
  allows the reader to see how you are building up
  your argument. Finally, they help to keep your
  writing focussed. All of the points and examples in
  this paragraph relate to the topic of the paragraph,
                    THIRD P. E. E.
  topic sentences. This helps you maximise you
  marks by not ‘waffling’ or going off topic. Without
  topic sentences readers would need to use a lot of
  guess work to determine what you are saying in the
  essay, topic sentences lead into the main structure
  of a paragraph, especially P.E.E.


                                                         23
Clincher/Link sentence
» This is the final sentence in a
  paragraph.
» It can sum up the paragraph,
» Or link to the next paragraph,
» Or both




                                    24
Topic sentences are vitally important in essay
  paragraphs. Firstly, they let the reader know what
                      FIRST P. E. E.
  the paragraph is about. The topic sentence in this
  paragraph tells the reader that topic sentences are
  ”vitally important”. The reader now knows what
  the paragraph will be about and the reason this
  topic is being covered. Secondly, topic sentences
  assist in an essay’s logical flow. By simply taking
  the topic sentences from eachP. E. E.
                       SECOND paragraph a very
  good summary of the essay can be created. This
  allows the reader to see how you are building up
  your argument. Finally, they help to keep your
  writing focussed. All of the points and examples in
  this essay relate THIRD P. E. E. paragraph, topic
                     to the topic of the
  sentences. This helps you maximise you marks by
  not ‘waffling’ or going off topic. Without topic
  sentences readers would need to use a lot of guess
  work to determine what you are saying in the
  essay; topic sentences lead into the P. E. structure
                     CLINCHER/LINK main E.
  of a paragraph, especially P.E.E.


                                                         25
The use Point, Evidence, Explanation (or PEE as it is
  commonly known) in an essay is crucial. PEE lets you
  follow a structured and logical format for writing your
  essay. By making a Point, then providing Evidence that
  proves your Point and then giving an explanation as to
  why your point is important, you are building a
  compelling case in your writing. This allows the reader
  to fully understand exactly what you are trying to say
  and why. PEE also forces you to think about what you
  are saying and to justify your reasons for inclusion. The
  previous sentences show thought and understand, but
  also provide a justified reason for making the point and
  including it in this essay. By doing so, only the best
  information should be included in the essay, making it a
  more compelling piece of writing. Following the
  structure you will also avoid making you essay sound
  repetitive. Numerous examples abound of students
  simply listing points without any explanation. This
  confuses the reader and makes you essay sound
  repetitive and badly thought out.



                                                              26
Conclusion
» Restate your main arguments
» Summarise how they answer the
  question, or address the topic.




                                    27
In conclusion, this essay has examined the
 methods and benefits involved in
 structuring an essay correctly. It has
 explored the importance of a good
 introduction and conclusion, how to
 structure a body paragraph and examined
 appropriate language use for an essay.
 Academic writing, and in particular the
 essay, is a much used format so
 structuring an essay correctly has clear
 benefits, both to yourself and the reader.



                                              28

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essay writing

  • 1. The Essay A system for successful essay writing 1
  • 2. What is an Essay? 2
  • 3. It is NOT » A book summary » A “book report” » A book review 3
  • 4. It IS an essay that: » Presents a » Focuses on a focused literary part of argument about the book that literary (theme, part. conflicts, » Is supported by character specific details development, and quotes that etc.) are explained. 4
  • 5. What are the key parts of the essay? 5
  • 7. Introduction » Restate the essay question, topic » Outline your main arguments » Should only be a few sentences long » Grab the reader’s attention 7
  • 8. Question » Were the publishers right to have included photos from the movie in the book? 8
  • 9. Example C/B Grade This essay will discuss why the Restates publishers in Boyce’s novel the Millions were wrong to have question included photo from the movie in the novel. It will look at how the photos Outlines disrupt reading of the points novel, weaken the spine of the book and add to the cost. 9
  • 10. Example A* » Book publishers use various techniques to sell their product, one of which is to capitalise on the popularity of any movie made from the book. This essay will examine the disadvantages of placing photographs from the movie Millions in the Boyce’s novel of the same name. It will look at the increased cost to the consumer through the inclusion of photographs as well as structural concerns over the strength of the novel’s spine, before outlining issues regarding the photographs impact on the reading of the novel. 10
  • 11. Your turn » Is this book suitable for year 8 study? Why, why not? 11
  • 12. The novel ‘Millions’, by Frank Cottrell Boyce, is not suitable for year 8 study. It is does not include excitement and adventure to engage twelve year olds so the novel seems drawn out and uninteresting. It also includes inappropriate subject matter that may offend some year 8 students. 12
  • 13. The Body » Organise arguments and paragraphs logically » Use topic sentences » Use Point, Evidence, Explanation » Link ideas/paragraphs through concluding sentences 13
  • 14. Paragraphs » Start with a topic sentence » Series of P.E.E. sentences » Concluding Sentence (extra marks for linking to the next paragraph) 14
  • 15. A Topic Sentence … » Gives the reader an idea of what the paragraph is about. » Are used to assist in the essay’s logical flow. » Keeps your writing focused for that paragraph. 15
  • 16. Topic sentences are vitally Topic important in essay paragraphs. Sentence They let the reader know what the paragraph is about. The topic sentence in this paragraph tells the reader that topic sentences are ”vitally important”. The reader now knows what the paragraph will be about and the reason this topic is being covered. 16
  • 17. What is P. E. E. ? » POINT – Make a point: This is a statement that answers part of you essay question and addresses a part of the paragraph’s topic. » It should relate to the main idea of the essay. 17
  • 18. Topic sentences are vitally Topic important in essay paragraphs. Sentence They let the reader know what the paragraph is about. The Point topic sentence in this paragraph tells the reader that topic sentences are ”vitally important”. The reader now knows what the paragraph will be about and the reason this topic is being covered. 18
  • 19. Evidence » Through a general comment, or a quote, provide evidence that: » Backs up your point » Is relevant » Is the best example that you can find. 19
  • 20. Topic sentences are vitally Topic important in essay paragraphs. Sentence They let the reader know what the paragraph is about. The Point topic sentence in this paragraph tells the reader that topic Evidence sentences are ”vitally important”. The reader now knows what the paragraph will be about and the reason this topic is being covered. 20
  • 21. Explanation » Here’s where most students fall down. » The explanation MUST explain how and why your point and evidence addresses the essay topic or provides and answer to the question. » It can be more than one sentence, depending on how much detail you are going in to. 21
  • 22. Topic sentences are vitally Topic important in essay paragraphs. Sentence They let the reader know what the paragraph is about. The Point topic sentence in this paragraph tells the reader that topic Evidence sentences are ”vitally important”. The reader now Explanation knows what the paragraph will be about and the reason this topic is being covered. 22
  • 23. Topic sentences are vitally important in essay paragraphs. Firstly, they let the reader know what the paragraph is about. The topic sentence in this paragraph tells the reader that E. E. sentences are FIRST P. topic ”vitally important”. The reader now knows what the paragraph will be about and the reason this topic is being covered. Secondly, topic sentences assist in an essay’s logical flow. By simply taking the topic sentences from each paragraph a very SECOND P. E. E. good summary of the essay can be created. This allows the reader to see how you are building up your argument. Finally, they help to keep your writing focussed. All of the points and examples in this paragraph relate to the topic of the paragraph, THIRD P. E. E. topic sentences. This helps you maximise you marks by not ‘waffling’ or going off topic. Without topic sentences readers would need to use a lot of guess work to determine what you are saying in the essay, topic sentences lead into the main structure of a paragraph, especially P.E.E. 23
  • 24. Clincher/Link sentence » This is the final sentence in a paragraph. » It can sum up the paragraph, » Or link to the next paragraph, » Or both 24
  • 25. Topic sentences are vitally important in essay paragraphs. Firstly, they let the reader know what FIRST P. E. E. the paragraph is about. The topic sentence in this paragraph tells the reader that topic sentences are ”vitally important”. The reader now knows what the paragraph will be about and the reason this topic is being covered. Secondly, topic sentences assist in an essay’s logical flow. By simply taking the topic sentences from eachP. E. E. SECOND paragraph a very good summary of the essay can be created. This allows the reader to see how you are building up your argument. Finally, they help to keep your writing focussed. All of the points and examples in this essay relate THIRD P. E. E. paragraph, topic to the topic of the sentences. This helps you maximise you marks by not ‘waffling’ or going off topic. Without topic sentences readers would need to use a lot of guess work to determine what you are saying in the essay; topic sentences lead into the P. E. structure CLINCHER/LINK main E. of a paragraph, especially P.E.E. 25
  • 26. The use Point, Evidence, Explanation (or PEE as it is commonly known) in an essay is crucial. PEE lets you follow a structured and logical format for writing your essay. By making a Point, then providing Evidence that proves your Point and then giving an explanation as to why your point is important, you are building a compelling case in your writing. This allows the reader to fully understand exactly what you are trying to say and why. PEE also forces you to think about what you are saying and to justify your reasons for inclusion. The previous sentences show thought and understand, but also provide a justified reason for making the point and including it in this essay. By doing so, only the best information should be included in the essay, making it a more compelling piece of writing. Following the structure you will also avoid making you essay sound repetitive. Numerous examples abound of students simply listing points without any explanation. This confuses the reader and makes you essay sound repetitive and badly thought out. 26
  • 27. Conclusion » Restate your main arguments » Summarise how they answer the question, or address the topic. 27
  • 28. In conclusion, this essay has examined the methods and benefits involved in structuring an essay correctly. It has explored the importance of a good introduction and conclusion, how to structure a body paragraph and examined appropriate language use for an essay. Academic writing, and in particular the essay, is a much used format so structuring an essay correctly has clear benefits, both to yourself and the reader. 28