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Air Force
Renewable Energy
Opportunity Assessments
Multiple Air Force Bases
2011 ESOH Training Symposium Technical Session, 22 March 2011
Overview

 AF RE goals
 Strategy to identify best projects
 Evaluation factors
 Technologies assessed
 Resource issues
 Stakeholder roles for success

Covanta 80 MW WTE
Plant, Fairfax VA
2
Air Force RE Goals

 Meet renewable energy goals stated in Energy Policy Act of 2005, EOs


13423 and 13514, and 10 USC 2911
Projects identified may be funded through:
 ECIP
 SRM
 Power Purchase Agreements
 Energy Savings Performance Contracts
 Utility Energy Service Contracts
 EULs

3
AF RE: Current Situation

 AF has $9B energy bill, 17% dedicated to facility operations/utilities
 Facilitating development of renewables is one approach to increasing


supply, decreasing cost
<1% came from renewable sources in 2009

4
Approaches to Meeting RE Goals

 First priority:

Develop on-site RE

 Second: Purchase RE from off-site power providers
 Third: Purchase Renewable Energy Credits (RECs)

Tonopah Test Range Grid Access
5
Strategy

 Ongoing three-phase process
 Phase 2, Opportunity Assessment

– Phase 1, Feasibility Study –
completed
– Phase 3, Business Case
Analysis – future

 Successful projects must advance


through the complete process
Deliverables include:
 Preliminary design and cost
estimate
 Financial analysis
 Project profile
300’ GSHP Test Bore, Creech AFB
6
Evaluation Factors: Mission & Safety
Constraints

 Existing or proposed training/facilities
 Clear Zone (CZ), Accident Potential




Zone (APZ) I and APZ II
UFC 4-010-01, DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings
Quantity-Distance (QD) arcs
Any other constraints that local
stakeholders believe will negatively
impact the operational mission

7
Evaluation Factors: Environmental
Constraints

 Air quality and emissions
 Hazardous Materials and





Wastes/ERP
Land use (compatible uses,
future projects, etc.)
Transportation
Water resources (including
floodplains and wetlands)
Socioeconomic/Environmental
Justice

 Historical, cultural







and
archaeological resources
Biological resources
Topography, soils, and geology
Aesthetics
Climate
Noise
Odor

8
Evaluation Factors: Financial Analysis

 Projects deemed economically viable under two definitions:
 For AF-owned (ECIP-funded) projects, savings-to-investment ratio > 1.0
 For developer- or independent power producer-owned, return on
investment > 10%

 Typical discriminators between AF- and developer-owned cost
models:
 Developer cost of financing
 Developer access to renewable energy credits and tax incentives

9
Technologies Assessed

 Waste to Energy (WTE) fueled by Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
 Landfill Gas (LFG)
 Biomass-sourced electricity generation
 Biomass-sourced thermal generation
 Solar
 Wind

16 MW WTE Plant, Tulsa
10
Technical Description:
Waste to Energy

 MSW fed to a boiler creates







steam for a turbine to produce
electricity
Requires connection to
electrical grid, water, waste
water, gas
Chemicals control air quality
Boilers and MSW are enclosed
in a building to minimize noise,
odor, and visual concerns
Requires approximately 10
acres for a 15 MW facility
Stoker boiler technology
applied in this project
Inside Covanta 80 MW WTE Plant,
Fairfax VA
11
WTE: Stoker Boiler Technology

12
WTE Plant Schematic

13
Technical Description:
Biomass – Thermal and Electricity

 Biomass (woody waste) is fed to a boiler:



 To produce steam for a thermal user
 To operate a steam turbine to produce electricity
As with a WTE plant, requires water supply, sewer connection, gas
supply, and access to the grid
 Fluidized bed
 Stoker boiler
Can be combined for
cogeneration

14
Biomass-sourced Electrical and Thermal
Generation
48 MW Wood fired Power Plant – Craven County, NC
540,000 tpy waste wood; two drum boiler/stoker system,
423,000 pph/1,500 psig/955F superheat

APC

Boiler

Wood
yard

15
Technical Description: Landfill Gas to
Electricity

16
Landfill Gas To Energy – Example Project Profile

 Seven Mile Creek Landfill, Eau Claire, Wisconsin
 Landfill Size: 4.8 million tons waste-in-place (2009)
 Project Size: 4.2 MW
17
Technical Description: Solar Energy

 A photovoltaic system consists of these primary components
 Solar collector module
 Inverter
 Transformer

18
Solar Siting Options

 Prime decision driver:

Find largest areas

of available space
 Increase MW output, make investment
economically worthwhile
 Roofs, free-standing panels in underutilized
places
 Solar assessment focused on Thin-Film PV
at McGuire AFB

 AF operational needs must be considered


carefully
 Reflectance, sun angle
New construction of a large footprint facility
is a good siting opportunity
 Consider during pre-design planning
19
Technical Description: Wind Power

 Engineering




 Turbine power vs. wind speed
 Match resource to turbine curve
Siting
 Avoid ground-generated turbulence
 Distance from occupied structures
 Airfield imaginary surfaces
 Radar interference
 Consider geo-remote lands
Multiple unit installation
 Lateral distance
 Down wind distance

660 kW turbine, Wind Farm, FE Warren AFB
20
Feedstock Issues

 Hauling radius of 50-75 miles depending on road conditions, traffic
 Can you contract for the resource?



 Who owns it?
 What is the market price?
 Who is the competition?
 What is its projected sustainability?
 Can you bring it in from out of state?
Base average daily demand (MW)
is the design driver

21
Sample Competition Assessment

22
Land Issues

 Consider roads, separate access/gate/security, haul routes
 Compatible land use
 Upwind? Visible steam?

23
Local Stakeholder Engagement

 Grass roots project development—Security, Fire, flying and training










communities; Legal; Contracting…..
Knowledge of local competition
Knowledge of regulators
Knowledge of local success stories
Myth busting
Positive publicity
Wing Commander enthusiasm
Work-arounds
Economic impact
You need a local champion!

24
POC

 AMEC Project Manager/Facilitator
 Mary Matthews Hains (mary.matthewshains@amec.com)
 (727) 289-3321

25

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ESOH Renewable Energy Enterprise Wide USAF

  • 1. Air Force Renewable Energy Opportunity Assessments Multiple Air Force Bases 2011 ESOH Training Symposium Technical Session, 22 March 2011
  • 2. Overview  AF RE goals  Strategy to identify best projects  Evaluation factors  Technologies assessed  Resource issues  Stakeholder roles for success Covanta 80 MW WTE Plant, Fairfax VA 2
  • 3. Air Force RE Goals  Meet renewable energy goals stated in Energy Policy Act of 2005, EOs  13423 and 13514, and 10 USC 2911 Projects identified may be funded through:  ECIP  SRM  Power Purchase Agreements  Energy Savings Performance Contracts  Utility Energy Service Contracts  EULs 3
  • 4. AF RE: Current Situation  AF has $9B energy bill, 17% dedicated to facility operations/utilities  Facilitating development of renewables is one approach to increasing  supply, decreasing cost <1% came from renewable sources in 2009 4
  • 5. Approaches to Meeting RE Goals  First priority: Develop on-site RE  Second: Purchase RE from off-site power providers  Third: Purchase Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) Tonopah Test Range Grid Access 5
  • 6. Strategy  Ongoing three-phase process  Phase 2, Opportunity Assessment – Phase 1, Feasibility Study – completed – Phase 3, Business Case Analysis – future  Successful projects must advance  through the complete process Deliverables include:  Preliminary design and cost estimate  Financial analysis  Project profile 300’ GSHP Test Bore, Creech AFB 6
  • 7. Evaluation Factors: Mission & Safety Constraints  Existing or proposed training/facilities  Clear Zone (CZ), Accident Potential    Zone (APZ) I and APZ II UFC 4-010-01, DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings Quantity-Distance (QD) arcs Any other constraints that local stakeholders believe will negatively impact the operational mission 7
  • 8. Evaluation Factors: Environmental Constraints  Air quality and emissions  Hazardous Materials and     Wastes/ERP Land use (compatible uses, future projects, etc.) Transportation Water resources (including floodplains and wetlands) Socioeconomic/Environmental Justice  Historical, cultural       and archaeological resources Biological resources Topography, soils, and geology Aesthetics Climate Noise Odor 8
  • 9. Evaluation Factors: Financial Analysis  Projects deemed economically viable under two definitions:  For AF-owned (ECIP-funded) projects, savings-to-investment ratio > 1.0  For developer- or independent power producer-owned, return on investment > 10%  Typical discriminators between AF- and developer-owned cost models:  Developer cost of financing  Developer access to renewable energy credits and tax incentives 9
  • 10. Technologies Assessed  Waste to Energy (WTE) fueled by Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)  Landfill Gas (LFG)  Biomass-sourced electricity generation  Biomass-sourced thermal generation  Solar  Wind 16 MW WTE Plant, Tulsa 10
  • 11. Technical Description: Waste to Energy  MSW fed to a boiler creates      steam for a turbine to produce electricity Requires connection to electrical grid, water, waste water, gas Chemicals control air quality Boilers and MSW are enclosed in a building to minimize noise, odor, and visual concerns Requires approximately 10 acres for a 15 MW facility Stoker boiler technology applied in this project Inside Covanta 80 MW WTE Plant, Fairfax VA 11
  • 12. WTE: Stoker Boiler Technology 12
  • 14. Technical Description: Biomass – Thermal and Electricity  Biomass (woody waste) is fed to a boiler:    To produce steam for a thermal user  To operate a steam turbine to produce electricity As with a WTE plant, requires water supply, sewer connection, gas supply, and access to the grid  Fluidized bed  Stoker boiler Can be combined for cogeneration 14
  • 15. Biomass-sourced Electrical and Thermal Generation 48 MW Wood fired Power Plant – Craven County, NC 540,000 tpy waste wood; two drum boiler/stoker system, 423,000 pph/1,500 psig/955F superheat APC Boiler Wood yard 15
  • 16. Technical Description: Landfill Gas to Electricity 16
  • 17. Landfill Gas To Energy – Example Project Profile  Seven Mile Creek Landfill, Eau Claire, Wisconsin  Landfill Size: 4.8 million tons waste-in-place (2009)  Project Size: 4.2 MW 17
  • 18. Technical Description: Solar Energy  A photovoltaic system consists of these primary components  Solar collector module  Inverter  Transformer 18
  • 19. Solar Siting Options  Prime decision driver: Find largest areas of available space  Increase MW output, make investment economically worthwhile  Roofs, free-standing panels in underutilized places  Solar assessment focused on Thin-Film PV at McGuire AFB  AF operational needs must be considered  carefully  Reflectance, sun angle New construction of a large footprint facility is a good siting opportunity  Consider during pre-design planning 19
  • 20. Technical Description: Wind Power  Engineering    Turbine power vs. wind speed  Match resource to turbine curve Siting  Avoid ground-generated turbulence  Distance from occupied structures  Airfield imaginary surfaces  Radar interference  Consider geo-remote lands Multiple unit installation  Lateral distance  Down wind distance 660 kW turbine, Wind Farm, FE Warren AFB 20
  • 21. Feedstock Issues  Hauling radius of 50-75 miles depending on road conditions, traffic  Can you contract for the resource?   Who owns it?  What is the market price?  Who is the competition?  What is its projected sustainability?  Can you bring it in from out of state? Base average daily demand (MW) is the design driver 21
  • 23. Land Issues  Consider roads, separate access/gate/security, haul routes  Compatible land use  Upwind? Visible steam? 23
  • 24. Local Stakeholder Engagement  Grass roots project development—Security, Fire, flying and training          communities; Legal; Contracting….. Knowledge of local competition Knowledge of regulators Knowledge of local success stories Myth busting Positive publicity Wing Commander enthusiasm Work-arounds Economic impact You need a local champion! 24
  • 25. POC  AMEC Project Manager/Facilitator  Mary Matthews Hains (mary.matthewshains@amec.com)  (727) 289-3321 25