This document discusses the traditional practice of imerominia or merominia for weather forecasting without technology in Greece. Imerominia involves carefully observing the weather during the first 12 days of August and using those observations to predict the weather for each month of the following year. For example, the weather on August 1st predicts January's weather. The document provides details on how imerominia predictions are made and explains the cultural and historical context of the practice. It also discusses other traditional methods of weather prediction involving observations of the moon, stars, sun, animals, and plants.

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IMEROMINIA or MEROMINIA
WEATHER FORECASTING WITHOUT THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY

2. 1ST GENERAL LYCEUM OF LEVADIA

3. LEVADIA
REGION OF STEREA ELLADA

4. IMEROMINIA or MEROMINIA
WEATHER FORECASTING WITHOUT THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY
Weather folk – lore
Lessons from nature
FOSSIL WISDOM
LONG RANGE PREDICTIONS

5. Human beings have always had a complex
relationship with climate and this relationship has
had profound impact on human culture and history
(Hulme, 2008). For centuries, farmers, shepherds,
sailors, hunters relied on weather lore to foretell
tomorrow's weather. Their very lives depended on
observing wind shifts, clouds or plants and animals
for signs of weather change. They even studied the
influence of the Sun, the Moon and the Stars on the
weather.
Weather Lore
The presence or absence of some animals was also used as a sign of seasonal change. As early as the 4th century BC
Aristotle suggested in his ‘History of Animals’ that swallows hibernate in mud banks or even undergo a form of
metamorphosis and spend winter under water and the theory stuck.
Aristotle
The Babylonians predicted the weather from cloud patterns
and astrology.
Aristotle described weather patterns in ‘Meteorologica’ around
340 BC.
The Chinese prediction lore extends back as far as 300 BC as
does ancient Indian methods.
The Mayas and Mestizos could predict not only the day’s
weather, but the entire year and with a good sense of accuracy.
Some other examples of weather lore date back to the Bible.

6. WEATHER LORE is the body of informal folklore related to the prediction of the weather based on
indigenous knowledge and human observation of the environment. In a traditional way of life, the
ability to observe and interpret traditional weather indicators is based on learning from the elders
and daily interaction with the environment
WEATHER LORE consists of proverbs and superstitions referring to the sky, the planets, the
movement of the clouds, the wind change, or the reaction of flora and fauna on daily and
seasonal levels. Weather lore utilizes almost all human senses (feel, smell, sight and hearing). Out
of all the types of weather lore in existence, it is the visual or observed weather lore that is mostly
used by indigenous societies, to come up with weather predictions.
Meteorology is the science of forecasting
weather. Generally, most of us rely on
forecasts to tell us what kind of weather to
expect. However, it is possible to predict
the weather using your skills of observation
and knowledge of weather patterns. Not
only can predicting the weather be a fun
hobby, it can also be a useful skill if you
enjoy outdoor activities, such as hiking or
camping. By learning what to look for, you
can predict the weather without a forecast
or technological device.

7. Merominia are remnants of old astrological perceptions, ancient weather forecasts, directly related to astrological
observations and are based on old perceptions that believed that the celestial bodies (e.g. moon , stars) affect the
weather on Earth ... "
N. Politis, Professor of Folklore
In the area of Sterea Ellada indigenous people observe the microenvironment on the first 12 days of August, during
the 8th moon of the year, and make weather predictions of the year ahead. These first twelve days of August are
known as ‘imerominia’. The weather forecast happens in August because this month is considered the beginning of
winter.
IMEROMINIA or MEROMINIA: a formula for month-to-month weather predictions of
the year ahead based on careful personal and empirical observations.

8. This is how it works.
The kind of weather on August 1st is the type of weather that we will get on January. The kind of weather on August
2nd is the typical weather for February. August 3rd is for March, the 4th for April, 5th for May, 6th for June, 7th for
July, 8th for August, 9th for September, 10th for October, 11th for November and finally the 12th for December.
Starting from the 1st of August, amateur forecasters divide the day in 3 parts, each corresponding to a 10-day period
of each month. So, if the weather for August 3rd in the morning is overcast and mildly cool, that is the kind of weather
you can expect for the 1st week of March in a general sense.
MARCH
12 °C - 22 °C

9. Merominia is based on experience rather than knowledge. It may be that many people observe the same thing but
have different perceptions and their predictions do not match.
Amateur forecasters keep a log of the moon phases, the stars, the sun, the form of the clouds, the direction of the
wind, the morning dew, rainbows, and any other weather signs that they experience during these days of August
that tells them what to expect for the coming 12 months.
The arrival and departure dates of birds, the flowering times of plants and trees, the proliferation of bees and
butterflies and the action of certain wild animals can also be used. They also use Saints and Holy days for their
predictions. Shepherds get up very early on the 1st of August and stare at their dogs as they sleep. If they sleep with
legs stretched out, they say, "We will have a mild winter.’’ But if they see that they sleep together, curled up with
their heads on their feet, you hear them saying, "We will have a bad weather this year, with snow and ice frost." [...]
In the past, in several regions around Greece, there was a perception that Merominia were ominous days and
during these days all kinds of work should stop. It was believed for example, that if the carpenter cut wood, the
timber would be rotten. Women did not bathe at night and did not come out of the house. They did not make
weddings in these days because marriages would fail.

10. Imerominia
map

11. March
April
May
June
Weather log

12. IMEROMINIA have passed down from one generation to the next and they constitute common heritage of the
ancient indigenous peoples of Greece. This technical knowledge among locals comes in the form of stories, songs,
folklore, proverbs, cultural values, norms, beliefs, rituals, local language, and cultural practices and helps to model
weather and prepare for favorable or adverse events. Traditional farmers, for instance, use their knowledge of
traditional seasonal forecasting to decide on cropping variety, planting dates, and mitigation measures, so as to realize
crop yields that could sustain them in the coming seasons.
Elders coach young people about historical experiences that they should imitate, emulate or evade. Unlike in science
that relies on instrumentation, in traditional knowledge local language and terminologies are important as they are
used in conversations, stories, and oral histories.
Of course it cannot replace scientific knowledge because it is holistic and specific to local situations providing farmers
and others to prepare for the coming agricultural year.
They use it however to supplement public meteorological information and weather prediction.
In Mexico, the first twelve days of January are known as las cabañuelas "a derechas" . The Maya version was known as
Chac-chac.
The same cabañuelas system is used in various parts of Spain, but the annual forecast does not always begin on the
same day. For instance, in Alcozar, las cabañuelas "a derechas" begin on December 13. Elsewhere in Spain, they start
on August 2 or August 13.

13. The people who practice imerominia claim that it is "an empirical science" and that its origin is thousands of years
old when the "only reference of the time was the Moon“.
Some claim that the system's roots lie in the Old World, in the Babylonian calendar or even Aristotle.
People in ancient times had already undertaken sophisticated astronomical observations and developed advanced
mathematical and calendric systems, even to the point of being able to predict the arrival of some comets. So,
perhaps by long and patient observation of their weather patterns, they had also amassed evidence of cyclical
weather phenomena.

14. Tower of the Winds or the
Horologion of Andronikos
Kyrrhestes is an octagonal Pentelic
marble clocktower in the Roman
Agora in Athens that functioned as
a horologion or "timepiece".
It is considered the world's first
meteorological station (around 50
BC or 2nd century BC ).
Unofficially, the monument is also
called Aerides, which means Winds.

15. Take a look at the following weather
proverbs,
folklore,
trivia,
facts,
wisdom and
rhymes
passed down by word of mouth.
SEE IF YOU CAN GUESS THE MEANING BEFORE READING THE SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION IN RED
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE.
Many weather proverbs
contain evidence of keen
observation and just
reasoning, but a greater
number are the offspring of
the common tendency to form
conclusions from a too limited
observation of facts.

17. THE PLANETS

18. THE MOON

19. Rural people in Greece argue that
the weather on the New Moon will be
maintained throughout the quarter of
the moon.
From the days of Theophrastus to
nowadays, it is admitted that when
the New Moon is upright, we will
have a good time, if it is inclined and
its noses are turned downwards we
will have a bad weather, if the moon
is fully lying there will be intense bad
weather.
If a new moon appears during bad
weather we know that it will remain
bad until that moon goes.
New Moon
‘Moon upright, the captain is lying down,
moon lying the captain is standing up.’

20. A clear sky means that there are no clouds to hold in the earth’s heat. This means that the weather will be
cooler that night and the next morning, even if it’s not cold enough to frost.[
“Clear moon, frost soon.”

22. Moon Rings, Moon Dogs And Other Moon Light Phenomena...
Moon Bows
Moon Pillars
Moon Corona
Moon Ring
Moon Dog

23. Ring around the moon? Rain real soon.
Του ήλιου κύκλος άνεμος, του φεγγαριού χειμώνας.
Του ήλιου κύκλος άνεμος του φεγγαριού βρεχάμενος.
Όταν το φεγγάρι έχει κύκλο, έχει και πόρτα σε ένα
σημείο του κύκλου, από εκεί θα φυσήξει.
Κύκλο έχει το φεγγάρι για βροχή και ανεμοζάλη.

24. The ring around the Moon is caused by the refraction of Moonlight from ice crystals in the upper atmosphere. The shape of
the ice crystals results in a focusing of the light into a ring. Since the ice crystals typically have the same shape, namely a
hexagonal shape, the Moon ring is almost always the same size.
Less typical are the halos that may be produced by different angles in the crystals. They can create halos with an angle of 46
degrees.
A Ring Around The Moon
Moon Ring Weather Folklore
A ring around the moon signifies bad weather is coming, and in many
cases this may be true. So how can rings around the moon be a
predictor of weather to come?
The ice crystals that cover the halo signify high altitude, thin cirrus
clouds that normally precede a warm front by one or two days.
Typically, a warm front will be associated with a low pressure system
which is commonly referred to as a storm. It is believed that the
number of stars within a moon halo indicate the number days before
bad weather will arrive. Give it a try the next time you observe a moon
halo.
halo

25. The oldest reference to halos and sun dogs is from Aristotle's meteorology, which was written over two thousand years
ago. While his speculation about causes might be a bit off, his observations are fairly accurate. He has quite a long
section on this topic.
http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/meteorology.3.iii.html
‘The formation of halo is a rain indication’ (Aristotle)
‘Η σύστασις (της άλως) ύδατος εστίν’

26. Circle around the sun
The same phenomena that causes lunar halos can also be observed around the sun.

27. Ήλιος ποδαράτος , αγέρας φουρτουνάτος.
Ήλιος με ποδάρια , όστριες, μαϊστράλια.
When solar rays are visible in the air, they indicate vapour beams and rain to follow, and the sun is said to be
" drawing water."
THE SUN
Sun with legs, stormy weather

28.  A misty sun early in the morning indicates rain;
 A clear sun early in the morning indicates fair weather.
Η καλή μέρα από το πρωί φαίνεται
Bad hairday!
A good beginning makes a good ending.

29. A red sunset probably means
wet weather the next day.
“A red sun has water in its eye”
‘If red the sun begin his race, be sure the rain will fall
apace’.
Shakespeare
‘An evening gray and a morning red
Will send the shepherd wet to bed’.
‘Evening gray and morning red,
Make the shepherd hang his head’.
A gray evening sky means the atmosphere is heavy with water
droplets that will likely fall the next day.

30. Red sky at night, sailor’s delight.
Red sky in morning, sailor’s warning.
When the sky is red at
night, it means the sun is
passing through a high
amount of dust. More dust
means the area could be
experiencing a high
pressure system, which can
mean good weather is on
it's way.
Weather patterns usually move from west to east. Red sky in the morning (in the east, where the sun rises)
indicates that the sun is reflecting off rainclouds, meaning the day will likely have rain (difficult weather for sailing.)
Red sky at night (in the west, where the sun sets) indicates clear, calm weather (perfect weather for sailing).

31. Rainbows occur when rain clouds are opposite the sun. In the mornings, the sun is in the east, so a rainbow in the west
would mean a rain cloud is coming toward you. A rainbow in the east means the rain is behind you and fair weather is
ahead.
«Νερατζούλα το βραδί σταύρωσε τσ’ αρμένιζε»,
που σημαίνει εάν δεις ουράνιο τόξο το πρωί κάνε
το σταυρό σου και ταξίδευε,
έλεγαν οι ναυτικοί από την Οία της Σαντορίνης»
«Νερατζούλα από βραδύς, εύρα πόρτα το ταχύ»,
που σημαίνει ότι εάν δεις ουράνιο τόξο το βράδυ,
το πρωί θα βρέξει...
Rainbow in the morning gives you fair warning

32. Moisture in the air tends to dim or redden the light
from the sun, moon and stars.
Moisture or clouds act as a blanket, in the
atmosphere/sky, retaining the heat stored in the
earth during the day.
On nights when there is less moisture or cloud,
the temperature will cool quicker and stars will
appear brighter.
More than ten stars means that any coming storms should be
light, while fewer than ten visible stars means that the storm
will be heavy.
A lack of stars means that there is excessive cloud coverage
from an oncoming weather system.
If many stars are visible, then the sky is clear.
Count the stars
STARS

33. According to folklore, the first
twelve (12) days of the eighth (8)
appearance of the moon of the
year is the period that people call
IMEROMINIA. Τhose who
measured IMEROMINIA from the
20th of July believed that the
Cannes Constellation appears in
the sky at that time. Ancient
astrologers and the Magi were
fond of this constellation for
observations.

34. CARRY MEANING FOR THE FUTURE
clouds
Cumulus Clouds:
sheep, elephants & unicorns in the sky

35.  The more cloud types present, the greater the chance of rain or snow.
 Different cloud types can indicate instability in the higher atmosphere, bringing with it the right conditions for
storms.
 The more vertical clouds appear the more unsettled the air is and consequently the less calm the weather will
“In the morning mountains, in the afternoon fountains.”
READING THE CLOUDS
"The higher the clouds, the better the weather".
Higher clouds indicate both dryness of air and higher atmospheric pressure. Both these qualities are present with fair
weather.

36. “If woolly fleeces bestow the heavenly way,
be sure no rain will come today.”
Scattered clouds that appear like fluffy sheep are a sign of settled weather. They are known as ‘fair-weather
‘’If in the sky you see cliffs and
towers, it won’t be long before
there is a shower.”

37. WIND
Wind speed and direction

38. Wind from the west is best.
Wind from the East will release the beast.
High pressure systems, which can bring fair weather, rotate with winds moving clockwise and from the west.
Winds in a low pressure system rotate counterclockwise around the center and come from the east.

39. If a storm is approaching, a low pressure system may be in the area. When atmospheric pressure is low, the air
rises, often forming storms. The leaves curl up from the extra humidity in the air, and the steady, ascending winds,
indicating a high possibility of rain. This is noticeable in trees, such as poplar, lime, sycamore and lilac with leaves
RAIN
When the tree leaves show their underside, it will rain soon.

40. This saying is very much open to anyone's interpretation, but in our climate, heavy rain doesn't really last for
very long. Cloudy and gloomy weather may persist for many days at a time, but torrential rain usually clears
in a day or two, and almost certainly in three.
"Three days rain will empty any sky"

41. PLANTS, TREES, FLOWERS

42. The phenology of fir trees in August is a reliable indicator of a heavy or light winter.
Νumerous pine nuts is a sign of bad weather.
phenology of fir trees

43. Pine cones open and close
depending on the humidity to
help seed dispersal. Inside the
pine cone there are lots of
feather light seeds. When the
weather is dry the pine cone
opens up and any wind will
catch the seeds and allow them
to be dispersed in the air far
away from the original tree.
When the humidity rises and
rain is likely then the pine cone
closes up to prevent the seeds
escaping as being so light the
seeds will become water logged
and they will travel only a short
distance from the original
source which would be shaded
and have to fight the “parent”
tree for resources.
A PINE CONE WEATHER STATION

44. Nearly all animals will display a change in behavior before weather events. All you have to do is pay attention to the
signs.
INSECTS, BIRDS, ANIMALS, FISH

45. Busy bees get busier
if the next day looks rainy.
Honeybees are far from the only creatures not to need a weatherman. They respond to cues such as changes in
humidity, temperature and barometric pressure that precede rainstorms.

46. ‘If you see a wasps nest built low to the ground, expect little snow.
If you see one built high, expect a lot of snow.’

47. Όταν τσιμπάνε οι μύγες θα βρέξει...
"Flies bite before a rain."
This rule does not always apply, but insects do calling more during moist weather, as flying is more difficult. Heat causes
human sweating, which makes you a more appetizing target. Theses two reasons, plus a release of more body odors
when atmospheric pressure on your body lowers, will add up to the rule that flies and insects are more bothersome just
before a rain than at any other time.

48. Άμα λαλούνε από τα χαράματα οι τζίτζικοι
θα έχουμε ζέστη»
«Όταν λαλούν από βραδύς
θα κάνει καύσωνα»....
Cicadas are predictors of weather

50. When birds fly high
the weather will be dry;
when birds fly low
expect rain and a blow.
Birds adjust their flight
to the level of highest
barometric pressure.
Before a storm,
barometric pressure
falls and the optimum
air density for flight is
closer to the ground.
Swallow flying low
means the air is damp
and their insect prey
are flitting

51. ‘When the swallow’s nest is high, the summer is very dry.
When the swallow build it low, you can safely reap and sow’.
‘If crows fly low, winds are going to blow.
If crows fly high, winds are going to die.’

52. ‘Sheep huddle together before bad weather’

53. Bunnies as weather prognosticators
if rabbits are fat in October,
winter will be heavy and long

54. ‘A cat's tail always points in the direction of the wind.’
‘When a cat washes over both ears, there will be rain.’
When a cat stares out of the window for a long time,
it means rain.
If a cat seems to be listening to something far off,
they may be hearing approaching rain or wind.

55. Before an earthquake animals are noted to behave strangely. Before major hurricanes land animals move inland
and insects hide in trees and under rocks.
Look for snakes.
•Snakes will leave their nests before bad weather, even if it’s in the middle of
wintertime. Seeing snakes in unexpected places or at a time when the snake
would normally be in its nest can be a sign of bad weather.
•Snakes usually come out of their nests in sunny weather to warm
themselves. They don't like cold because they are cold-blooded. When
snakes wake from hibernation and evacuate their burrows when it's not a
warm, sunny day is an indication that bad weather is coming.
•Snakes can even predict earthquakes. If you see a snake out of its nest
behaving erratically, there could be an earthquake coming.

56. NATURAL DISASTERS – CAN WE PREDICT THEM?
In ancient times it was believed that animals sensed
earthquakes.
Several studies document how different species in different
places, including toads and cows or rodents and tapirs, have
modified their behaviour before an earthquake. With the
collaboration of geophysicist Friedemann Freund from the
NASA Ames Research Center and the SETI Institute, Grant has
linked these changes with disturbances in the ionosphere due
to electrical phenomena in the rocks under stress, which in
turn can alter the chemistry of the water.
Earthquakes generally originate at considerable depths where it is impossible to place measuring instruments.

57. ‘Trout jump high, when a rain is nigh’.
‘Before a rain, fish bite best. ‘
Barometric pressure often drops when rain is on the way. When the pressure falls, gases get trapped in bottoms of lakes
and ponds, which disperses decaying plants. Small organisms then fill the area, small fish begin to go after them, and big
fish go after them!. Fish go on a sort of feeding binge and become quite active, due to their excitement at discovering
such abundant food in the waters all of a sudden!

58. ‘If the rooster crows on going to bed, You may rise with a watery head. ‘
Many people believe that animals, especially birds, can sense when there’s a decrease in air pressure. People
have observed that an approaching storm makes birds restless. And when a rooster can’t rest, he tends to crow
more.

59. When humidity is high, a sign of rain, wooden furniture, windows and doors, will absorb moisture from the air,
which causes them to squeak and stick.
High humidity often precedes a storm, so watch for signs of high humidity, such as frizzy hair, curling leaves, and swollen
wood. These signs can tell you that a storm is on the way.
CHECK FOR HUMIDITY
When windows won't open and salt clogs the shaker,
Weather will favor the umbrella maker
is another weather-predicting rhyme.
When the air is humid, or full of water vapor, wood swells.
It absorbs the water in the air. Salt also absorbs water in
the surrounding air, forming large lumps. Wood-framed
windows and salt in shakers become difficult to use. As
the humid air reaches its saturation point, rain (and
umbrellas) are likely to be seen.

60. ACHES AND PAINS MEANS RAIN IS ON ITS WAY
Medical studies have shown that some people can experience
intense pain when there is a drop in atmospheric pressure.
However some researchers believe that a selective memory
may be the cause of this, resulting in inconclusive evidence of
this being a reliable weather forecasting method.
People with arthritis often report feeling more joint pain when air
pressure or temperature drop.
Είναι αναγνωρισμένο και επιστημονικά ότι οι καιρικές αλλαγές
επιδρούν στην υγεία του ανθρώπου.
Ο Θεόφραστος από τον 4ο αι. π.Χ. αναφέρει: «Εάν οι πόδες
οιδώσι (πρησθούν) νότια η μεταβολή».
Γενικά όσοι υποφέρουν από αρθριτικά, ρευματισμούς ή
κατάγματα, οι παθήσεις τους είναι ένα ευαίσθητο βαρόμετρο για
αυτούς. Αισθάνονται πόνους και αδιαθεσία στις καιρικές
μεταβολές και συχνά προβλέπουν όταν πλησιάζει καταιγίδα ή
βροχή ή υγροί νότιοι άνεμοι....

61. ‘When there is an early Easter, there is an early spring.’
‘When there is a late Easter, there is a late spring.’
‘The sun never shines on Good Friday.’
‘A cold winter is followed by a hot summer’.
SEASONS

62. Halcyon Days = a fortnight of calm weather in winter
According to Greek mythology, Halcyon was the daughter of the god of the winds, Aeolus.
She and her husband Ceyx were married and lived happily together on the beach. The two
envisioned themselves a power couple, comparable to Hera and Zeus. This disrespect
enraged Zeus, who turned Ceyx into a vulture. Halcyon searched ceaselessly for her missing
husband in the seas. As time passed, the Olympian Gods began to pity her and turned her
into a seabird with the name Halcyon.
However, Halcyon’s hardships continued. As she laid her eggs not in the spring, like the
other birds, but in the middle of winter, the strong waves would draw the eggs and
hatchlings away before they had the chance to fly. The heartbreaking cry of Halcyon
touched Zeus and the other Olympian Gods. So they decided to make a period of 15 days of
good weather in January. During this period, the winds and the sea are calm so that
Halcyon can brood her eggs and teach her hatchlings to fly away before they are swept up
by the sea.
According to another myth, after Ceyx married Halcyon, he went fishing in the open seas,
and strong winds sank his boat. The desperate Halcyon, who was watching from the shore,
fell from the rocks and died. Their love was so strong that the Olympian Gods felt sorry for
them and turned them into birds: Halcyons.
Those birds laid their eggs in the crevices of the rocks during the winter. In the middle of
January, Zeus allowed the weather to warm for few days so the mother could brood the
eggs. And this is how these summery days were named Halcyon Days.
Meteorologically, the phenomenon is explained by the fact barometric pressures between southern and northern Europe
equalize during this period, resulting in this pleasant weather.

63. A weather singularity, that is, a climatic event that recurs around the
same time of year. An unseasonably warm, dry and calm weather,
usually following a period of colder weather or frost in the late Autumn
(or in the Southern hemisphere, where the term is less common, the
late Spring).
Indian summer

64. Meteorologists using modern instruments, such as satellites and weather-observing stations to predict weather still
dispute whether any type of weather lore can be applied in predicting weather or should be considered as superstition.
This is because, even though there is some predictive quality in visual weather lore, there is no established technique
yet that can be applied to verify and evaluate its validity.
However, mechanisms for synthesizing traditional and scientific weather forecast systems exist today driven by the
realization that SCFs and weather lore complement each other and that the rich weather lore could help in making the
forecasts more relevant to the local people’s context.
There is also a need to authenticate the various traditional methods and ways to predict other natural phenomena such
as floods, cyclones, tsunami or even earthquakes. A great number of researchers have been directing efforts towards
promoting weather lore especially on disaster management.

65. MORE ACCURATE FORECASTS
Better forecasts could save industries across the world many billions of dollars each year. Farmers and engineers, in particular, would
benefit.
Better frost predictions, for example, could save citrus growers millions of dollars each year. Citrus fruits such as oranges are very
vulnerable to frost—they die in cold, wet weather. With more accurate frost forecasts, citrus farmers could plant when they know the
new, tender seedlings wouldn’t be killed by frost. More accurate rain forecasts would enable farmers to plan timely irrigation
schedules and avoid floods.
Imperfect weather forecasts cause construction companies to lose both time and money. A construction foreman might call his crew
in to work only to have it rain, when the crew can’t work. An unexpected cold spell could ruin a freshly poured concrete foundation.
Outdoor activities, such as concerts or sporting events, could be planned with greater accuracy. Sports teams and musicians would not
have to reschedule, and fans would not be inconvenienced.
Power companies would also benefit from accurate forecasts. They adjust their systems when they expect extreme temperatures,
because people will use their furnaces and air conditioning more on these days. If the forecast predicts a hot, humid day and it turns
out to be mild, the power company loses money. The extra electricity or gas it bought doesn’t get used.
Small businesses, too, would benefit from a better forecast. An ice cream store owner, for example, could save her advertising funds
for some time in the future if she knew the coming weekend was going to be cool and rainy.
Responding to such needs, meteorologists are working to develop new tools and new methods that will improve their ability to
forecast the weather.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/weather/