SCIENCE INDUSTRY INVENTIONS IN REGENCY BY STAVLIOTI _ TZAVARA

1. REGENCY ERA (1811-1820)
SCIENCE-INDUSTRY-INVENTIONS

2. BY VASILIKI STAVLIOTI & AGGELIKI TZAVARA

3. REGENCY ERA
The Regency era lasted approximately 8
years, from 1811 to 1820. Due to the mental
illness that King George III was diagnosed
with in late 1810, his eldest son, George,
Prince of Wales became the prince regent to
discharge royal functions. The Regency
lasted until George III's death in 1820, when
his son, succeded now as George IV,officially
became the King of England.

4. Both James Hargreaves and Richard Arkwright introduced mechanisation to the
cotton industry in the 1760s. Then, Arkwright built manufactories where he kept
his machines and employed hundreds of unqualified workers to operate them.
By the 1790s, Britain was producing
over a million cotton garments a year.
Reaction against increased
mechanisation included the Luddite
riots of 1811-1813, where many
machines were destroyed by workers
who felt threatened by new
technology.

5. Cereal cultivation growing
 Cereal yields increased. Wheat yields increased between 1700 and 1800, and then the
number of yields doubled between 1800 and 1850. The key to increasing cereal yields
was nitrogen, which we now know was the 'limiting factor' in determining cereal yields
before about 1830.

6. By 1800 steam engines powered a host of industries including mining and
manufacturing.
The next major innovation was using steam to power a vehicle. Early models were
developed in the 1780s and 90s but the first full-size engine was constructed by
Richard Trevithick (1771-1833).
The world’s first steam-driven railway journey by
Trevithick's engine was on 21 February 1804.
Introduction of a new source of power

7. In the mid 1770s the building of canals started with the Bridgewater Canal which oped
in 1776. By 1810 Britain was criss-crossed by over four thousand miles of artificial
waterways, traversed by thousands of barges carrying coal, clay and manufactured
goods. However, due to the poor maintenance and increasing volumes of
traffic ,who damaged the surface of many roads,the majority of people chose to
travel by road.
The beggining of canals

8. Science
 In England, the star of Regency science was Humphry
Davy. He was a significant scientist, and his
achievements in chemistry (he isolated a number of
basic elements) and early research into electro-
magnetism after Alexander Volta’s invention of the
voltaic pile was fundamental in the development of
electricity. He also invented the safety lamp for mining,
which saved countless lives.

9.  In 1802, William Hyde Wollaston built an improved
spectrometer that included a lens to focus the Sun's
spectrum on a screen.
 He,also, discovered the elements palladium and
rhodium in 1803.

10. Forecasting the Weather in the 18th Century
A scientific approach to weather forecasting started in earnest
from the early 18th century, but progress was slow. people
relied moslty on observations to predict the weather . Moon,
clouds and wind, but also certain animal behavior provided
important clues.
The scientific study of meteorology had its breakthrough when
measuring instruments became available in the mid-17th
century. By the early 18th century 35 different temperature
scales had been devised. Among them was the one of Daniel
Gabriel Fahrenheit. He made accurate mercury thermometers
calibrated to a standard scale that ranged from 32° – 96°.

11. Faraday is best known for his work on electricity and
magnetism. His first recorded experiment was the
construction of a voltaic pile with seven British
halfpenny coins. One of the greater things he
accomplished was to liquefy chlorine.
During the early 1800s, Joseph von
Fraunhofer's experiments
with spectrometers enabled spectroscopy
to become a more precise and quantitative
scientific technique. He also invented the
first spectroscope.

12.  Another notable invention during the Regency era was
the tin can, the first of food preservation, which was
patented in 1810 by a merchant named Peter Durand.
It turned out he had no interest in making a business
out of it and sold the patent to two other Englishmen
for £1,000.

13. Gas lights were being developed.
Joseph Nicephore
Niepce was the
first person to take a
photograph.
In 1813,
Samuel
Horrocks
invented the
loom.
In 1819, Samuel
Fahnestock
invented the soda
machine.