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EQUITY IN MOTION
BIKESHARE IN LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES
Aysha Cohen
ULI Senior Associate
UCLA Institute of Transportation
Studies
Email: Aysha.Cohen@ULI.orgFull report: goo.gl/BrVQWL
It’s only typically a couple times in any given century that a city
gets to introduce a new form of public transportation. It’s
very important that you do it in a way that creates as much
opportunity as possible for as many citizens as possible.
-Andrew Stober
Philadelphia’s former Chief of Staff
PROMISING TRENDS
SOCIAL EQUITY ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY SAFETY
49% Renewal
rate after low-income
subsidy, 53% were
people of color
2x low-income
ridership increase in
London (2010-13)
after changing station
siting practices
2x growth rate
in bicycling since
bikeshare started in DC
(32% in DC vs
15% nationally)
60% mode
shift from sedentary
modes to bikeshare in 5
US, Australian & UK
cities
2-3% traffic
decrease when
bikeshare stations are
present in DC
(causal link)
66% chose
retail as their
destination by
bikeshare in DC
0 deaths from
bikeshare after
23+ million rides in the
US
88% car-free
HHs added
(vs. a 1% increase in
HHs with cars) in DC
CHALLENGES AHEAD
SOCIAL EQUITY SAFETY
95% college
education rate for
bikeshare users (vs 15%
in low-income areas)80% salaries
are $50k+ for
bikeshare users (vs
$34k AMI in low-
income areas)
2x pedestrian
fatalities in low-
income vs upper-income
communities nationally
50% dangerous
intersections
are in lower-income
areas of the city
(approx.)
3% African-
American bikeshare
users, vs 23% of
commuters regionally
BUFFER ANALYSIS
D2a_EP = -A/(ln(N))
Where:
A = (HH/TotAct)*ln(HH/TotAct) + (E5_Ret10/ TotAct)*ln(E5_Ret10/
TotAct) + (E5_Off10/ TotAct)*ln(E5_Off10/ TotAct) + (E5_Ind10/
TotAct)*ln(E5_Ind10/ TotAct) + (E5_Svc10/ TotAct)*ln(E5_Svc10/
TotAct) + (E5_Ent10/ TotAct)*ln(E5_Ent10/ TotAct)
A GEOSPATIAL APPROACH
381,317
members members
24,271
trips
946
trips
VS.
=+
Dupont Circle: Wards 7/8:
-April 2011-
A STATISTICAL APPROACH
84Possible
Factors
Barrier #1:
Convenience/Reliability
Land Use (11 metrics)
Destinations (5 metrics)
Connectivity (11 metrics)
Travel Modes (22 metrics)
Canopy Cover (1 metric)
Barrier #2:
Perception of Safety
Collision Rates (2 metrics)
Crime Rates (5 metrics)
Lighting (2 metrics)
Topography (1 metric)
Traffic Volume (1 metric)
Barrier #3:
Affordability
Welfare (2 metrics)
Housing (8 metrics)
Income (5 metrics)
Unbanked (1 metric)
Barrier #4:
Diversity
Education (1 metric)
Gender (1 metric)
Race (4 metrics)
50Significant
Factors
15Algorithmically
Selected Factors
RESULTS (BIVARIATE)
vs
RESULTS (MULTI-LINEAR)
1- Income
7- Demographics
4- Topography 6- Urban Form
5- Safety2- Land Use
3- Connectivity
TOP PREDICTORS:
1 Low Wages (-95%)
2 Retail Jobs (24%)
3 Network Density (20%)
4 Unemployment (-19%)
5 Topography (-18%)
MODERATE PREDICTORS:
6 Intersection Density (17%)
7 Collision Rate (17%)
8 Alternative Commuters (17%)
9 Arts/Cultural Facilities (15%)
10 Occupied Housing (15%)
WEAK PREDICTORS:
11 Median Home Sales Price (13%)
12 Female-Headed Households (2%)
13 Pedestrian Lighting (2%)
RECOMMENDATIONS
Targeted outreach needed for
Low-to-medium wage work sites (in red) in
areas of low residential density (in light green)
Recommendation 1:
Leverage intra-agency connections in safety outreach and
communications through the Vision Zero Working Group.
Partner #1: Vision Zero Working Group
Recommendation 2:
Integrate Capital Bikeshare into the DC Office of Planning’s design review
process and the EPA Environmental Justice Working Group’s programs.
Partner #2: EPA Environmental Justice Coordinator
Partner #3: DC Office of Planning
Recommendation 3:
Identify new ways to reach financially burdened residents and workers using
the DC Office of Tax and Revenue and the Federal Financial Institutions
Examination Council data to increase access to affordable Capital Bikeshare
resources for those who need it most.
Partner #4: DC Office of Tax and Revenue
Partner #5: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
Recommendation 4:
Foster new community partnerships to promote equity in bikeshare access,
mobility and public health in across all eight wards of the District of Columbia.
Partner #6: The District Department of Health & Human Services
Partner #7: Non-traditional Partners
THANK YOU!
FULL REPORT:GOO.GL/BRVQWL
Aysha Cohen
ULI Senior Associate
UCLA Institute of Transportation
Studies
/AyshaRuyaCohen /Aysha.Ruya Aysha.Cohen@ULI.org

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[Slides] Equity in Motion: Bikeshare in Low-Income Communities

  • 1. EQUITY IN MOTION BIKESHARE IN LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES Aysha Cohen ULI Senior Associate UCLA Institute of Transportation Studies Email: Aysha.Cohen@ULI.orgFull report: goo.gl/BrVQWL
  • 2. It’s only typically a couple times in any given century that a city gets to introduce a new form of public transportation. It’s very important that you do it in a way that creates as much opportunity as possible for as many citizens as possible. -Andrew Stober Philadelphia’s former Chief of Staff
  • 3. PROMISING TRENDS SOCIAL EQUITY ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY SAFETY 49% Renewal rate after low-income subsidy, 53% were people of color 2x low-income ridership increase in London (2010-13) after changing station siting practices 2x growth rate in bicycling since bikeshare started in DC (32% in DC vs 15% nationally) 60% mode shift from sedentary modes to bikeshare in 5 US, Australian & UK cities 2-3% traffic decrease when bikeshare stations are present in DC (causal link) 66% chose retail as their destination by bikeshare in DC 0 deaths from bikeshare after 23+ million rides in the US 88% car-free HHs added (vs. a 1% increase in HHs with cars) in DC
  • 4. CHALLENGES AHEAD SOCIAL EQUITY SAFETY 95% college education rate for bikeshare users (vs 15% in low-income areas)80% salaries are $50k+ for bikeshare users (vs $34k AMI in low- income areas) 2x pedestrian fatalities in low- income vs upper-income communities nationally 50% dangerous intersections are in lower-income areas of the city (approx.) 3% African- American bikeshare users, vs 23% of commuters regionally
  • 5. BUFFER ANALYSIS D2a_EP = -A/(ln(N)) Where: A = (HH/TotAct)*ln(HH/TotAct) + (E5_Ret10/ TotAct)*ln(E5_Ret10/ TotAct) + (E5_Off10/ TotAct)*ln(E5_Off10/ TotAct) + (E5_Ind10/ TotAct)*ln(E5_Ind10/ TotAct) + (E5_Svc10/ TotAct)*ln(E5_Svc10/ TotAct) + (E5_Ent10/ TotAct)*ln(E5_Ent10/ TotAct)
  • 6. A GEOSPATIAL APPROACH 381,317 members members 24,271 trips 946 trips VS. =+ Dupont Circle: Wards 7/8: -April 2011-
  • 7. A STATISTICAL APPROACH 84Possible Factors Barrier #1: Convenience/Reliability Land Use (11 metrics) Destinations (5 metrics) Connectivity (11 metrics) Travel Modes (22 metrics) Canopy Cover (1 metric) Barrier #2: Perception of Safety Collision Rates (2 metrics) Crime Rates (5 metrics) Lighting (2 metrics) Topography (1 metric) Traffic Volume (1 metric) Barrier #3: Affordability Welfare (2 metrics) Housing (8 metrics) Income (5 metrics) Unbanked (1 metric) Barrier #4: Diversity Education (1 metric) Gender (1 metric) Race (4 metrics) 50Significant Factors 15Algorithmically Selected Factors
  • 9. RESULTS (MULTI-LINEAR) 1- Income 7- Demographics 4- Topography 6- Urban Form 5- Safety2- Land Use 3- Connectivity TOP PREDICTORS: 1 Low Wages (-95%) 2 Retail Jobs (24%) 3 Network Density (20%) 4 Unemployment (-19%) 5 Topography (-18%) MODERATE PREDICTORS: 6 Intersection Density (17%) 7 Collision Rate (17%) 8 Alternative Commuters (17%) 9 Arts/Cultural Facilities (15%) 10 Occupied Housing (15%) WEAK PREDICTORS: 11 Median Home Sales Price (13%) 12 Female-Headed Households (2%) 13 Pedestrian Lighting (2%)
  • 10. RECOMMENDATIONS Targeted outreach needed for Low-to-medium wage work sites (in red) in areas of low residential density (in light green) Recommendation 1: Leverage intra-agency connections in safety outreach and communications through the Vision Zero Working Group. Partner #1: Vision Zero Working Group Recommendation 2: Integrate Capital Bikeshare into the DC Office of Planning’s design review process and the EPA Environmental Justice Working Group’s programs. Partner #2: EPA Environmental Justice Coordinator Partner #3: DC Office of Planning Recommendation 3: Identify new ways to reach financially burdened residents and workers using the DC Office of Tax and Revenue and the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council data to increase access to affordable Capital Bikeshare resources for those who need it most. Partner #4: DC Office of Tax and Revenue Partner #5: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Recommendation 4: Foster new community partnerships to promote equity in bikeshare access, mobility and public health in across all eight wards of the District of Columbia. Partner #6: The District Department of Health & Human Services Partner #7: Non-traditional Partners
  • 11. THANK YOU! FULL REPORT:GOO.GL/BRVQWL Aysha Cohen ULI Senior Associate UCLA Institute of Transportation Studies /AyshaRuyaCohen /Aysha.Ruya Aysha.Cohen@ULI.org