The document discusses the changes made to verbs and pronouns when directly quoted speech is reported indirectly. Specifically, it notes that a direct statement is changed to a that-clause when reported indirectly, though the word "that" can be omitted. It also discusses the changes made to verb tenses and other modifiers like pronouns, adverbs of time and place, modal verbs, and questions when switching between reporting styles. For example, a direct question in the present like "Can you do me a favor?" would become an indirect question like "Chris asked if I could do him a favor."

1. - Suora väitelause muuttuu epäsuorassa esityksessä that-
lauseeksi, josta itse that-sana kuitenkin jää usein pois
- Johtolauseen verbinä on tavallisimmin say tai tell
- Kun johtolause on nykyajassa, suoraan esitykseen verrattuna
muutoksia on pronomineissa sekä ajan ja paikan määreissä
Chris: ”I want to see you tomorrow.”
-> Chris says (that) he wants to see me the next day.

2. - Kun johtolause on menneessä ajassa, muuttuvat
myös aikamuodot:
•preesens -> imperfekti
Chris: ”I want to see you tomorrow.”
-> Chris said (that) he wanted to see me the next day.
•imperfekti -> pluskvamperfekti
Chris: ”I went to the cinema yesterday.”
-> Chris said he had gone to the cinema the day before.
•perfekti -> pluskvamperfekti
Chris: ”I have always wanted to become a vet.”
-> Chris told me he had always wanted to become a vet.

3. • futuuri -> 1. konditionaali
Chris: ”I will apply to university next year.”
-> Chris said he would apply to university the following year.
• apuverbit:
can -> could
Chris: ”I can help you with your homework today.”
-> Chris said he could help me with my homework that day.
must -> had to
Chris: ”I must study hard this week.”
-> Chris said he had to study hard that week.
may -> might
Chris: ”I may be late for class tomorrow.”
-> Chris said he might be late for class the next day.

4. - Pysyvän ominaisuuden aikamuoto ei kuitenkaan muutu
Chris: ”Russia is the largest country in the world.”
-> Chris said that Russia is the largest country in the
world.
- Samat aikamuotomuutokset koskevat myös
kysymyslauseita
Chris: ”Can you do me a favour?”
-> Chris asked if I could do him a favour.
Chris: ”Is Russia the largest country in the world?”
-> Chris asked if Russia is the largest country in the
world.

5. Muuta suora esitys epäsuoraksi:
1. Sarah: ”I have two things to do today.”

6. 1. Sarah: ”I have two things to do today.”

7. 2. Sally: ”Is anyone listening to me?”

8. 2. Sally: ”Is anyone listening to me?”

9. 3. Gary: ”I saw my girlfriend last night.”

10. 3. Gary: ”I saw my girlfriend last night.”

11. 4. Mark: ”I have forgotten to do my
homework.”

12. 4. Mark: ”I have forgotten to do my
homework.”

13. 5. Trey: ”I will call you tomorrow.”

14. 5. Trey: ”I will call you tomorrow.”

15. 6. Tom: ”Can I go to the party this Friday?”

16. 6. Tom: ”Can I go to the party this Friday?”

17. 7. Lisa: ”We must go home early tonight.”

18. 7. Lisa: ”We must go home early tonight.”