Underground gem mining in Sri Lanka provides economic and social benefits but also poses significant environmental threats if not properly managed. Traditional pit mining damages water and soil quality, destroys habitats, and endangers humans. Effective mine reclamation, including stabilizing land, restoring vegetation and water flows, and closing pits, is needed to mitigate long-term environmental impacts and allow the pre-mining land use to resume after mining ceases. While gem mining provides livelihoods, greater regulation and enforcement is required to minimize damage to the environment.