tell about the environmental regulation act, India's dependence on coal, the type of coal used in Indian power plants, the technologies used to reduce the carbon emissions
2. Contents
Overview on Indian Power System
Dependence of Indian Power System on Coal
Quality of Coal used in Indian Power Plant
Environmental Issues
Environmental Regulations
Benefit of Regulations
Available Technologies
3. Overview on Power Sector of India
• One of the fastest growing economy and accounts and during the year 2018, the total investment
in energy sector by India was 4.1% (US $ 75 billion) of US$ 1.85 trillion global investment and
5.86% as per total electricity generation across the world
• Gross electricity generation of India has increased annually at the rate of 6%
• The annual growth in gross electricity generation was relatively low (6%) when compared with the
annual installed electricity generation capacity (9%). This could be mainly due to :-
(i) increase in capacity from RES with low utilization factor
(ii) decrease in PLF of thermal generation
• Energy demand in India will continue to grow rapidly over the next couple of decades due to
following reasons:-
(i)Rapid growth of population
(ii)High urbanization levels
(iii)An aspiring and growing middle class and generally a shift to the modernizing society
5. Coal Used in Indian Thermal Power Plants
Fig: comparison between the types of coal used in India
6. Quality of Coal mentioned in Coal supply
agreement between ECL and NTPC Limited
Srl
No
Name & Location of the Power Plant
owned by the Purchaser
Top-Size of
Coal(mm)
Grades of Coal
1 Farakka Super Thermal Power Station
Farakka, West Bengal
-250 mm
-100 mm
-50 mm
A/B/C/D/E/F
Long Flame/Non Long
Flame
2 Kahalgoan Super Thermal Power
Station
Bihar
-250 mm
-100 mm
-50 mm
A/B/C/D/E/F
Long Flame/ Non Long
Flame
7. Typical specification
used in ADHAI
DHANU THERMAL
POWER STATION
Supply of imported non-
coking coal (4200-4800 gar)
from Indonesian steam coal
(Seller)
Parameters UOM Typical Rejection
TOTAL MOISTURE % 34 >38
INHERENT MATTER % 15-17 -
ASH % 6 >10
VOLAITILE MATTER % 38-42 22 OR > 45
FIXED CARBON % BY DIFF
SULPHUR % .6 >.80
GROSS CALAORIFIC
VALUE
KCAL/KG 4400 <4000
SIZE (0-50MM) % 95 <90
FINES(~2MM) % 0 25
8. Environmental Issues
Use of high ash content in power generation leads to the following environmental problems :
Air Pollution
• Emission of particulate matter (dust)
• Emission of Sulphur dioxide and oxides of Nitrogen
• Greenhouse gas emissions
• Emission of Mercury (both gaseous and in ash)
Water Pollution(Due to higher water consumption)
• Cooling water discharge
• Ash pond effluent
Solid Waste(use of high ash containing coal)
• Large volume of coal ash generation (Fly ash And Bottom ash)
• Large land requirements for ash disposal
9. Sulphur di Oxide Emissions
(Industrial Sector wise)
81
3
2
0.01 1
13
Power Iron & Steel Cement Fertilser oil Refinery Other
12. Benefits of the Environmental Regulations
The new standards are aimed at reducing emission of PM10 (0.98 kg/MWh), Sulphur dioxide
(7.3 Kg/MWh) and Oxide of nitrogen (4.8 kg/MWh), which will in turn help in bringing about
an improvement in the Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) in and around thermal power plants
The technology employed for the control of the proposed limit of Sulfur Dioxide - SO2 &
Nitrogen Oxide - NOx will also help in control of mercury emission (at about 70-90%) as a
co-benefit
Limiting the use of water in the thermal power plant (about 1.5 𝑀3
/MWh) will lead to the
reduction in water consumption by 40%. Thermal power plant is one of the water intense
category (consumes 70% of the total Industrial water is consumed in the Power Sector)
13. Actions that are Implemented
Pre combustion
Which include the various processes like coal separation methods which includes
Screening, Classification, dense Medium Separation, Filtration etc
Post Combustion
Which includes the process which reduce the emission into atmosphere by
Electrostatic precipitator, low NOx burners and increasing the Stack height
15. Conclusion
• Policies for Environmental Regulation in India and Its Importance to improve the
efficiency of the Indian power plant and improve the Air Quality Index (AQI) around the
thermal power plant
• Study help to understand the importance of ultimate and proximate analysis which is
Which is used in the thermal power plant to measure the quality of the coal
• Importance of Coal Preparation, Coal Washing, Coal Cleaning, Particle sizing and its effect
on the thermal power plant operation ,efficiency and emissions
• Compared the worlds emission standards and concluded that China and India has strict
policies for Emission into Environment
• Test and the Indian Standards for the quality test performed on coal while being
excepted by the thermal power plant
• Understood the mechanism behind the Coal supply agreement
16. References
• Teri Report on the environmental regulation based on thermal power plant TERI
Report No. 1999PG64, Chap 2,page 44-79
• CEA Recommendations for thermal generating stations for tariff period 2109-24,
page 1-11
• Benefit cost analysis of emission standards for coal based thermal power plants in
India by Centre for Science, Technology and Science page 1-20
• Energetics 2019 by Electricity Generation in India: Present State, Future Outlook
and Policy Implications
• Central Electricity Authority. Annual Report 2017–2018; Government of India,
Ministry of Power, Central Electricity Authority: New Delhi, India, 2018.
